Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/375,903

ACTUATOR AND BRAKE SYSTEM INCLUDING THE SAME

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Oct 02, 2023
Examiner
TORRES WILLIAMS, MELANIE
Art Unit
3616
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
HL Mando Corporation
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
85%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 8m
To Grant
97%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 85% — above average
85%
Career Allow Rate
628 granted / 742 resolved
+32.6% vs TC avg
Moderate +12% lift
Without
With
+12.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 8m
Avg Prosecution
44 currently pending
Career history
786
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.1%
-39.9% vs TC avg
§103
37.5%
-2.5% vs TC avg
§102
46.1%
+6.1% vs TC avg
§112
15.1%
-24.9% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 742 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 1, 10, 11, 19 and 20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Jang et al. (KR 101836128 B1) in view of Yoshida (JP 2004152087 A). Re claim 1, Jang et al. teach an actuator comprising: a motor (11) configured to generate power; and a gear assembly (18, 40, 50, 60) configured to transmit the power provided from the motor, wherein the gear assembly includes: a plurality of gears; and a pocket (25) covering around at least one of the gears (40). (Fig. 2-3) Jan et al. does not teach grease applied to the at least one of the gears in the pocket, the pocket comprising a swellable material capable of swelling in contact with the grease. Yoshida teaches grease applied to the at least one gear (11) in a pocket (20), the pocket comprising a swellable material (22) capable of swelling in contact with the grease. (Fig. 1) It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date to apply the teachings of Yoshida in the actuator of Jang et al. to provide extended lubrication to the assembly. Re claims 10 and 19, Jang et al. teaches wherein the swellable material comprised in the pocket is not limited and includes any material capable of absorbing some of the grease. Felt and sponge are cited as examples and are capable of increasing in volume. (Translation – Pg. 6, 3rd Par.) Jang et al. do not explicitly teach a rubber material. However, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date to use rubber since it is well known for its use in lubrication and being capable of absorbing grease and increasing in volume. Re claim 11, Jang et al. teaches an actuator comprising: a motor (11) configured to generate power; a gear assembly including a plurality of gears (18, 40, 50, 60) to transmit the power provided from the motor; and a housing (10) having an inner space so that the gear assembly is disposed in the inner space of the housing, wherein: the gear assembly includes a pocket (25) covering around at least one of the gears (40) and the pocket has an outer surface, which is in contact with and supported by the housing (10). to accommodate grease applied to the at least one of the gears in the pocket, and a swellable material (22) capable of swelling inward toward the at least one of the gears (11) by absorbing the grease. Jan et al. does not teach grease applied to the at least one of the gears in the pocket, the pocket comprising a swellable material capable of swelling inward toward the at least one of the gears by absorbing the grease. Yoshida teaches grease applied to the at least one gear (11) in a pocket (20), the pocket comprising a swellable material (22) capable of swelling inward toward the at least one of the gears by absorbing the grease.. (Fig. 1) It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date to apply the teachings of Yoshida in the actuator of Jang et al. to provide extended lubrication to the assembly. Re claim 20, Jang et al. teaches a brake system comprising the actuator according to claim 1. (Jang et al. - Abstract) Allowable Subject Matter Claims 2-9 and 12-18 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. JP ‘161 teaches a similar actuator. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MELANIE TORRES WILLIAMS whose telephone number is (571)272-7127. The examiner can normally be reached Tuesday - Friday 7:00AM-3:00PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Robert Siconolfi can be reached at 571-272-7124. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /MELANIE TORRES WILLIAMS/ Primary Examiner Art Unit 3616 MTWJanuary 8, 2026
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Oct 02, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 08, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12583421
DRUM BRAKE WITH ROTATABLE BRAKE SHOE ASSEMBLY
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12583547
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DETECTING THE SPEED OF A BICYCLE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12577993
REDUCED PROFILE PISTON ADJUSTER
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12570257
BRAKING SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Patent 12570370
CONTROL SYSTEM FOR HUMAN-POWERED VEHICLE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
85%
Grant Probability
97%
With Interview (+12.3%)
2y 8m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 742 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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