Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/382,380

STEER-BY-WIRE STEERING DEVICE

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Oct 20, 2023
Examiner
CHOWDHURY, AL-BIRR RAHMAN
Art Unit
3618
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
HL Mando Corporation
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
79%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 3m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 79% — above average
79%
Career Allow Rate
15 granted / 19 resolved
+26.9% vs TC avg
Strong +27% interview lift
Without
With
+26.7%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 3m
Avg Prosecution
20 currently pending
Career history
39
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§103
48.0%
+8.0% vs TC avg
§102
27.0%
-13.0% vs TC avg
§112
23.7%
-16.3% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 19 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. (a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-3, 6-10, 16-18 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by US 20210261188 A1 ("Ko"). Claim 1: Ko teaches a steer-by-wire steering device, comprising: a connecting shaft (303 to 320) coupled with a steering shaft (301 to 103) (Fig. 3; para. 63, lines 1-4); a rotating member (360b) rotating with the connecting shaft and having an inner protrusion (361b) and an outer protrusion (365b), axially protruding on one side surface, radially spaced apart with an insertion space disposed between the inner protrusion and the outer protrusion (Figs. 5 and 6; para. 99, lines 1-13); a guide member (370) having a first end coupled to the outer protrusion and a second end coupled to the inner protrusion and disposed in the insertion space (Fig. 6); a housing cover (309) having the rotating member and the guide member embedded therein (Fig. 5) and having a guide groove (362a, 362b) radially elongated; and a supporting member (360a) having a first end supported in the guide groove and a second end supported on the guide member to radially move along the guide groove when the rotating member rotates (para. 99, lines 11-18). Claim 2: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 1 as noted above. Ko further teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the guide member (370) is spirally wound from the first end to the second end and is disposed in the insertion space (Fig. 6). Claim 3: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 2 as noted above. Ko further teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the guide member is formed of an elastic material (370 is referred to as elastic member; para. 99, lines 11-18). Claim 6: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 2 as noted above. Ko further teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the guide member (370) has a tube shape opened toward the supporting member (Fig. 6). Claim 7: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 1 as noted above. Ko further teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the inner protrusion (361b) is formed to be radially spaced apart from a center of the rotating member and have a circumferentially increasing radius and has an inner stepped portion radially connected to an outer circumferential surface of one side (Fig. 6), and wherein rotation of the rotating member (360b) in one direction is stopped as the supporting member (360a) is supported on the inner stepped portion (para. 109, lines 1-6). Claim 8: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 7 as noted above. Ko further teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the outer protrusion (365b) is formed to be radially spaced apart from an outer circumferential surface of the rotating member and have a circumferentially decreasing radius and has an outer stepped portion radially connected to an inner circumferential surface of one side (Fig. 6), and wherein rotation of the rotating member (360b) in another direction is stopped as the supporting member (360a) is supported on the outer stepped portion (para. 112, lines 1-16). Claim 9: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 7 as noted above. Ko further teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the inner stepped portion has an inner damper where the supporting member (360b) is supported (para. 99, lines 13-18). Claim 10: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 8 as noted above. Ko further teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the outer stepped portion has an outer damper where the supporting member (360b) is supported (para. 100, lines 1-5). Claim 16: Ko teaches a steer-by-wire steering device, comprising: a connecting shaft (303 to 320) coupled with a steering shaft (301 to 103) (Fig. 3; para. 63, lines 1-4); a rotating member (360b) rotating with the connecting shaft and having an inner protrusion (361b) and an outer protrusion (365b), axially protruding on one side surface, radially spaced apart with an insertion space disposed between the inner protrusion and the outer protrusion (Figs. 5 and 6; para. 99, lines 1-13), the inner protrusion having an inner stepped portion on one side of an outer circumferential surface (Fig. 6), and the outer protrusion having an outer stepped portion on one side of an inner circumferential surface (Fig. 6); a guide member (370) having a first end coupled to the outer protrusion and a second end coupled to the inner protrusion and disposed in the insertion space (Fig. 6); a housing cover (309) having the rotating member and the guide member embedded therein (Fig. 5) and having a guide groove (362a, 362b) radially elongated; a supporting member (306a) having a first end supported in the guide groove and a second end supported on the guide member to radially move along the guide groove when the rotating member rotates (para. 99, lines 11-18), the supporting member being supported on the inner stepped portion to stop rotation of the rotating member in one direction (para. 109, lines 1-6) and being supported on the outer stepped portion to stop rotation of the rotating member in another direction (para. 112, lines 1-16); a driving member rotating the connecting shaft by electric power of a driving motor (120; para. 64, lines 1-5 and para. 59, lines 1-10); and an electronic control unit (110) controlling an operation of the driving motor according to an autonomous driving mode signal value or a manual driving mode signal value of a driving mode switch manipulated by a driver (para. 60, lines 1-8 and para. 163, lines 4-9). Claim 17: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 16 as noted above. Ko further teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the driving member includes: a worm shaft (125) coupled with the driving motor (120) and rotating; and a worm wheel coupled to an outer circumferential surface of the connecting shaft and engaged with the worm shaft to rotate the connecting shaft by driving power of the driving motor (para. 136, lines 1-10). Claim 18: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 17 as noted above. Ko further teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, further comprising: a first sensor installed to a vehicle to obtain front image data of the vehicle (para. 60, lines 1-8); a second sensor installed to the vehicle and selected from the group consisting of a radar and a lidar to obtain front sensing data of the vehicle (para. 60, lines 1-8), wherein the electronic control unit operates the driving motor in a direction opposite to a rotating direction of the connecting shaft to provide a sense of steering reaction force to the driver if the manual driving mode signal is received and, if the autonomous driving mode signal value is received, the electronic control unit operates the driving motor according to the image data received from the first sensor and the front sensing data received from the second sensor (para. 163, lines 1-9). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. The factual inquiries for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows: 1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art. 2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue. 3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art. 4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness. Claims 4 and 11 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over US 20210261188 A1 ("Ko") in view of US 10926792 B2 ("Rey"). Claim 4: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 2 as noted above. But does not the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the guide member is formed of a metal material. However, Rey teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the guide member is formed of a metal material (col. 11, lines 5-9). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, to modify the invention of the cited prior art with the features of Rey. One of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to do so as such a modification is merely the substitution of one known elastic member for another elastic member, and the results of such a substitution would have been predictable, namely, the elastic member being made of metal. the device of Ko will still work for its intended purpose as the guide member is still elastic by being metallic elastic member forming a spring shape, similar in form to the guide member in Ko. Claim 11: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 1 as noted above. Ko further teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the housing cover (309) has a cylinder portion formed in an axial direction of the connecting shaft (303 to 320) but does not teach a housing cover barrier rib facing one side surface of the rotating member, and wherein the housing cover barrier rib has a through hole through which the connecting shaft passes. However, Rey in a similar field of art teaches a housing cover barrier rib (20B) facing one side surface of the rotating member (26), and wherein the housing cover barrier rib has a through hole (Z) through which the connecting shaft (3) passes (Fig. 3; col. 7, lines 31-37). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, to modify the invention of Ko with the features of Rey. One of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to do so as Rey teaches it so the "casing portion 20B carrying the output bearing 26 and the output shaft 3" to hold them in place (col. 7, lines 36-37). Claim 5 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over US 20210261188 A1 ("Ko") in view of US 20220097753 A1 ("Markfort"). Claim 5: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 2 as noted above. But does not the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the guide member is formed of a plastic material. However, Markfort teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein the guide member is formed of a plastic material (para. 86, lines 4-12). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, to modify the invention of the cited prior art with the features of Markfort. One of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to do so as such a modification is merely the substitution of one known elastic member for another elastic member, and the results of such a substitution would have been predictable, namely, the elastic member being made of plastic. the device of Ko will still work for its intended purpose as the guide member is still elastic by being a rubber material forming a spring shape, similar in form to the guide member in Ko. Claim(s) 19 and 20 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over US 20210261188 A1 ("Ko") in view of US 20220297746 A1 ("Washnock"). Claim 19: Ko teaches the limitations of claim 18 as noted above. Ko further teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, further comprising: a current sensor (112a) sensing a current amount of the driving motor (para. 55, lines 1-5), but does not teach and a contact sensor coupled to an outer circumferential side of the supporting member to sense a contact to the inner stepped portion and the outer stepped portion when the rotating member rotates. However, Washnock in a similar field of art teaches a contact sensor (418; hall effect sensor) coupled to an outer circumferential side of the supporting member (420) to sense a contact to the inner stepped portion and the outer stepped portion when the rotating member rotates (Fig. 4; para. 47, lines 1-9). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, to modify the invention of Ko with the features of Washnock. One of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to do so as Washnock teaches "Hall effect sensors, can be utilized to detect the rotation of the ball nut 410 and, thus, the movement of the rack 306" (para. 47, lines 7-9). Claim 20: The prior art teaches the limitations of claim 19 as noted above. Washnock further teaches the steer-by-wire steering device, wherein if a current value received from the current sensor is larger than preset data in a state in which the autonomous driving mode signal value is received (para. 81, lines 9-14), and a non-contact signal value is received from the contact sensor (para. 80, lines 1-15), the electronic control unit determines an emergency and switches the operation of the driving motor to the manual driving mode (para. 82, lines 1-5). Allowable Subject Matter Claims 12 – 15 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. The following is an examiner’s statement of reasons for allowance: None of the references, either alone or in combination, disclose all of the limitations of the claims. Specifically, with regard to dependent claim 1 protruding barrier rib axially protruding and connected with the cylinder portion, and wherein the guide groove includes a first guide groove disposed between an inner surface and outer surface of the protruding barrier rib, opened outward in a radial direction of the protruding barrier rib, and formed to communicate with the through hole and a second guide groove 26 communicating with the first guide groove and connected to the inner surface of the protruding barrier rib through the cylinder portion. Any comments considered necessary by applicant must be submitted no later than the payment of the issue fee and, to avoid processing delays, should preferably accompany the issue fee. Such submissions should be clearly labeled “Comments on Statement of Reasons for Allowance.” Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to AL-BIRR RAHMAN CHOWDHURY whose telephone number is (571)272-4661. The examiner can normally be reached 9:30am - 6:00pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Jason Shanske can be reached at (571) 270-5985. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /A.R.C./Examiner, Art Unit 3614 /JASON D SHANSKE/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 3614
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Oct 20, 2023
Application Filed
Feb 06, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12600284
ROLLER BUNK APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR WATERCRAFT TRAILERS
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12595009
SADDLE AND BICYCLE WITH THE SADDLE
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12583587
MOVABLE CARGO SUPPORT HAVING VERTICALLY BIASED WHEEL MEMBERS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12576946
BICYCLE TORQUE SENSOR
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12576906
ELECTRIC ROTATING MACHINE APPARATUS AND ELECTRIC POWER STEERING APPARATUS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
79%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+26.7%)
3y 3m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 19 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month