DETAILED ACTION
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status
The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA .
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 101
35 U.S.C. 101 reads as follows:
Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title.
The claimed invention is directed to an abstract idea significantly more. Claim 1 recites mathematical calculations. This judicial exception is not integrated into a practical application because calculations are made to train a model, but the calculations are not applied. The only step that is not a mathematical calculations is generating a light trigger and capturing training images, which are methods of organizing human activity/ managing personal behavior. This method also does nothing to apply the method to a practical application. The claims do not include additional elements that are sufficient to amount to significantly more than the judicial exception because the claims do not utilize a particular machine to carry out the process, nor is the process being applied to a practical application, i.e. the trained model is used to evaluate images for a user to recognize security threats.
Claims 2-7 also are directed to an abstract idea. Claim 2 only specifies the light color, claim 3 specifies the mathematical constraints of the labels, claim 4 specifies the mathematical constraints of the training images, claim 5 provides more mathematical calculations evaluating the model, and claims 6 and 7 provide a type of mathematical calculation for the effectiveness.
Claim Objections
Claim 6 is objected to because of the following informalities: Claim 6 recites the limitation “the light backdoor attack” in line 3. It appears as if the applicant is referring to the light backdoor attack of “the evaluating effectiveness of light backdoor attack”; however, this limitation is claimed twice (once in claim 1 and again in claim 6). Therefore “the light backdoor attack” could refer to either of the previously claimed attacks. The applicant could amend claim 6 to read :the evaluating effectiveness of the light backdoor attack” to overcome this objection. Appropriate correction is required.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b):
(b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention.
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph:
The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention.
Claim 5 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention.
Claim 5 recites the limitation "the evaluating effectiveness of attack" in line 4. The applicant previously claims “evaluating effectiveness of light backdoor attack” and “evaluating attack effectiveness”. It is unclear as to what the applicant is referring to.
Claim 5 recites the limitation "the source label" in the last line. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim.
Allowable Subject Matter
As allowable subject matter has been indicated, applicant's reply must either comply with all formal requirements or specifically traverse each requirement not complied with. See 37 CFR 1.111(b) and MPEP § 707.07(a).
Claims 1-7 contain allowable subject matter. Claim 1 contains allowable subject matter regarding the generating by a flashlight, a light trigger on a traffic sign, and training the claimed backdoor model that results in a clean label when a clean image is input and results in a backdoor label when the claimed backdoor image Tp is input, the training using the claimed training data set Xp, which is the union of the claimed clean training set and the claimed backdoor training set which is captured and acquired by a camera with all images marked as the claimed target label, and further includes backdoor image Tp defined by the claimed equation utilizing the trigger, clean image and claimed ratio of the backdoor trigger to the backdoor image, evaluating the effectiveness of light backdoor attack by applying the trained backdoor model to a testing set.
Conclusion
Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to KATHLEEN YUAN DULANEY whose telephone number is (571)272-2902. The examiner can normally be reached M1:9am-5pm, th1:9am-1pm, fri1 9am-3pm, m2: 9am-5pm, t2:9-5 th2:9am-5pm, f2: 9am-5pm.
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/KATHLEEN Y DULANEY/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2666 11/18/2025