Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/403,236

VEHICLE POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Jan 03, 2024
Examiner
WU, LORI SOUTHARD
Art Unit
3655
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
88%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 0m
To Grant
94%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 88% — above average
88%
Career Allow Rate
355 granted / 402 resolved
+36.3% vs TC avg
Moderate +6% lift
Without
With
+6.2%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Fast prosecutor
2y 0m
Avg Prosecution
13 currently pending
Career history
415
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.6%
-39.4% vs TC avg
§103
30.8%
-9.2% vs TC avg
§102
34.4%
-5.6% vs TC avg
§112
29.8%
-10.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 402 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION This is the first Office action on the merits of Application No. 18/403,236. Claims 1-20 are pending. Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statement (IDS) submitted on 1/22/2025 has been considered by the examiner. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. (a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-5, 8-14, 16-20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Lenz (WIPO Publication 2021093917). Note, this application is a continuation-in-part of 17/217,746 and the claims noted in this rejection are directed to the current collector device and thus the priority is directed to the filing date of this instant application (18/403,236), see MPEP 2133.01. Regarding claim 1, Lenz discloses a vehicle power transfer system (Fig. 1) comprising: a current collector device (5) configured to be mounted on a vehicle and to receive electrical energy from an offboard power source for powering one or more operations of the vehicle, the current collector device being movable relative to the vehicle; one or more actuators (actuator system 8) mechanically connected to the current collector device; and a controller (control unit 9) comprising one or more processors and operatively connected to the one or more actuators, the controller configured to determine an occurrence of a designated extend event (e.g. “the control unit 9 which contain information about the vehicle position, the vehicle orientation and / or contact line position and / or orientation. In particular, the data stored in the control unit 9 can be continuously determined and stored. In addition, in the control unit 9, for example also danger spots or the like, be stored, so that when corresponding positions P are reached, predetermined actions can be carried out and, for example, an automatic wire-off process can be initiated. The data stored in this way in the control unit 9 can be used to check the relationship between the individual characteristic values and a specific movement of the pantographs 5 can be derived therefrom”), and to control the one or more actuators (“control unit 9 is provided, by means of which the movements of the current collectors 5, in particular continuously, are controlled”) to move the current collector device in an extending direction away from the vehicle for electrically connecting to a current-carrying device of the offboard power source in response to the occurrence of the designated extend event (“With the help of a corresponding actuators 8, the pantograph 5 can be raised, lowered or pivoted as required”). Regarding claim 2, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated extend event in response to one of: detecting that the vehicle is stationary; or determining that the vehicle is moving slower than a designated vehicle speed threshold (“For example, if the vehicle 1 stops at a bus stop and goes into what is known as kneeling, the pantograph position can be corrected by the tilt angle β. “). Regarding claim 3, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 1, further comprising a force sensor mounted on the current collector device to measure a force exerted on the current collector device by the current-carrying device of the offboard power source, wherein the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated extend event in response to a value of the force being less than a designated force threshold (claim 29, “ Current collector system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure force between the current collector (5), and in particular the current collector head (7) of the current collector (5), and the contact line (4) is adjustable while driving.”). Regarding claim 4, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 1, further comprising a location determining device operably connected to the controller and configured to generate location signals as the vehicle travels along a route, wherein the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated extend event in response to determining, based on the location signals, that the vehicle is approaching the current-carrying device of the offboard power source (e.g. “In particular, pantograph systems in which the pantograph movements based on a knowledge-based system as well as location-specific data and / or error compensations can be controlled along a predetermined movement path can be understood as actively controllable within the meaning of the present invention.”). Regarding claim 5, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the current collector device is configured to be mounted to a roof of the vehicle (shown in Fig. 1). Regarding claim 8, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated extend event in response to determining, based on at least one of image data generated by a camera or sensor signals generated by one or more guidance sensors, that the current collector device is aligned with the current-carrying device of the offboard power source (“As is shown by way of example in FIGS. 2a and b, the position P and orientation at the stop can for example by means of magnets 11 arranged in the roadway and magnetic sensors 10 arranged on the vehicle 1 or, for example, by sensors 10, such as cameras or the like a of a vehicle 1 can be determined. This can also be helpful in particular for applications such as driverless driving. The orientation a of the vehicle 1 and in particular the angle a between the vehicle 1 and a curb 12 can be determined via the magnets 11 and / or the sensors 10. This information can then be taken into account in the control of the movements of the pantograph 5 and a reliable connection process can thus be carried out”). Regarding claim 9, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to generate an alert signal that is communicated to an output device to notify an operator about the occurrence of the designated extend event (“If the active regulation of the pantographs 5 cannot prevent derailment, an early warning can be sent to the bus driver. When driving through a switch, the control unit 9 could, for example, check the change in direction of the horizontal angles of the current collectors 5 with the steering angle of the front wheels of the vehicle 1 for plausibility. A wrongly set point could be detected early and automatic wiring suggested to the bus driver. Alternatively, automatic wiring could also be initiated.”). Regarding claim 10, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine an occurrence of a designated retract event, and to control the one or more actuators to move the current collector device in a retracting direction toward the vehicle for electrically isolating the current collector device in response to the occurrence of the designated retract event (“With the help of a corresponding actuators 8, the pantograph 5 can be raised, lowered or pivoted as required”). Regarding claim 11, Lenz discloses a vehicle power transfer system (Fig. 1) comprising: a current collector device (5) configured to be mounted on a vehicle and to receive electrical energy from an offboard power source for powering one or more operations of the vehicle, the current collector device being movable relative to the vehicle; one or more actuators (actuator system 8) mechanically connected to the current collector device; and a controller (control unit 9) comprising one or more processors and operatively connected to the one or more actuators, the controller configured to determine an occurrence of a designated retract event (e.g. “the control unit 9 which contain information about the vehicle position, the vehicle orientation and / or contact line position and / or orientation. In particular, the data stored in the control unit 9 can be continuously determined and stored. In addition, in the control unit 9, for example also danger spots or the like, be stored, so that when corresponding positions P are reached, predetermined actions can be carried out and, for example, an automatic wire-off process can be initiated. The data stored in this way in the control unit 9 can be used to check the relationship between the individual characteristic values and a specific movement of the pantographs 5 can be derived therefrom”), and to control the one or more actuators (“control unit 9 is provided, by means of which the movements of the current collectors 5, in particular continuously, are controlled”) to move the current collector device in a retracting direction toward the vehicle from an extended position in response to the occurrence of the designated retract event (“With the help of a corresponding actuators 8, the pantograph 5 can be raised, lowered or pivoted as required”). Regarding claim 12, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated retract event in response to one of: detecting that the vehicle is moving; determining that the vehicle is moving faster than a designated vehicle speed threshold; or determining that a wind speed in an ambient environment of the vehicle exceeds a threshold wind speed (“data stored in the control unit, in particular vehicle, route and / or contact line data, can be evaluated for the detection of danger spots. The analysis of this data can identify problem areas and derailment risks, e.g. B. can be determined as a function of the vehicle speed. Finally, standardized countermeasures can be programmed and called”). Regarding claim 13, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 11, further comprising a force sensor mounted on the current collector device to measure a force exerted on the current collector device by a current-carrying device of the offboard power source, wherein the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated retract event in response to a value of the force being greater than a designated force threshold (claim 29, “ Current collector system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure force between the current collector (5), and in particular the current collector head (7) of the current collector (5), and the contact line (4) is adjustable while driving.”). Regarding claim 14, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 11, further comprising a location determining device operably connected to the controller and configured to generate location signals as the vehicle travels along a route, wherein the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated retract event in response to determining, based on the location signals, that the vehicle is greater than a threshold distance from the offboard power source (e.g. “In particular, pantograph systems in which the pantograph movements based on a knowledge-based system as well as location-specific data and / or error compensations can be controlled along a predetermined movement path can be understood as actively controllable within the meaning of the present invention.”). Regarding claim 16, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 11, wherein the current collector device is configured to be mounted to a roof (Fig. 1) of the vehicle and to project above the roof in the extended position, wherein the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated retract event in response to determining that the vehicle is approaching a segment of a route that has one or more height restrictions (e.g. “In order to be able to enable fully automatic connection at any position, the height of the contact line in relation to position P can in particular be continuously measured and stored in the control unit 9.”). Regarding claim 17, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated retract event in response to determining, based on at least one of image data generated by a camera or sensor signals generated by one or more guidance sensors, that the current collector device is misaligned with a current-carrying device of the offboard power source (“As is shown by way of example in FIGS. 2a and b, the position P and orientation at the stop can for example by means of magnets 11 arranged in the roadway and magnetic sensors 10 arranged on the vehicle 1 or, for example, by sensors 10, such as cameras or the like a of a vehicle 1 can be determined. This can also be helpful in particular for applications such as driverless driving. The orientation a of the vehicle 1 and in particular the angle a between the vehicle 1 and a curb 12 can be determined via the magnets 11 and / or the sensors 10. This information can then be taken into account in the control of the movements of the pantograph 5 and a reliable connection process can thus be carried out”). Regarding claim 18, Lenz discloses he vehicle power transfer system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to generate an alert signal that is communicated to an output device to notify an operator about the occurrence of the designated retract event (“If the active regulation of the pantographs 5 cannot prevent derailment, an early warning can be sent to the bus driver. When driving through a switch, the control unit 9 could, for example, check the change in direction of the horizontal angles of the current collectors 5 with the steering angle of the front wheels of the vehicle 1 for plausibility. A wrongly set point could be detected early and automatic wiring suggested to the bus driver. Alternatively, automatic wiring could also be initiated.”). Regarding claim 19, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to determine an occurrence of a designated extend event, and to control the one or more actuators to move the current collector device in an extending direction away from the vehicle for electrically connecting to a current-carrying device of the offboard power source in response to the occurrence of the designated extend event (“With the help of a corresponding actuators 8, the pantograph 5 can be raised, lowered or pivoted as required”). Regarding claim 20, Lenz discloses 20. a method comprising: determining, via one or more processors (control unit 9), an occurrence of a designated extend event (e.g. “the control unit 9 which contain information about the vehicle position, the vehicle orientation and / or contact line position and / or orientation. In particular, the data stored in the control unit 9 can be continuously determined and stored. In addition, in the control unit 9, for example also danger spots or the like, be stored, so that when corresponding positions P are reached, predetermined actions can be carried out and, for example, an automatic wire-off process can be initiated. The data stored in this way in the control unit 9 can be used to check the relationship between the individual characteristic values and a specific movement of the pantographs 5 can be derived therefrom”) while a current collector device (5) mounted on a vehicle is in a retracted position relative to the vehicle; in response to determining the occurrence of the designated extend event, controlling one or more actuators onboard the vehicle to move the current collector device in an extending direction away from the vehicle for electrically connecting to a current-carrying device of an offboard power source for powering one or more operations of the vehicle (“With the help of a corresponding actuators 8, the pantograph 5 can be raised, lowered or pivoted as required”); determining, via the one or more processors, an occurrence of a designated retract event while the current collector device is in an extended position relative to the vehicle; and in response to determining the occurrence of the designated retract event, controlling the one or more actuators to move the current collector device in a retracting direction toward the vehicle for electrically isolating the current collector device (“With the help of a corresponding actuators 8, the pantograph 5 can be raised, lowered or pivoted as required”). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim 6 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Lenz (WIPO Publication 2021093917). Note, this application is a continuation-in-part of 17/217,746 and the claims noted in this rejection are directed to the current collector device and thus the priority is directed to the filing date of this instant application (18/403,236), see MPEP 2133.01. Regarding claim 6, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the current collector device is configured to be mounted to a body of the vehicle. Lenz does not disclose mounted to an underbody, however it would be obvious to modify the location of the current collector device to match the current-carrying device. It would have been prima facie obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Lenz to incorporate the current collector device is configured to be mounted to an underbody with a reasonable expectation of success to have the location of the current collector device to match the current-carrying device. Furthermore, it has been held that rearranging parts of an invention involves only routine skill in the art (MPEP 2144.04(VI)(C)). Claims 7 and 15 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Lenz (WIPO Publication 2021093917) in view of Randall (US Patent Publication 20240025261). Note, this application is a continuation-in-part of 17/217,746 and the claims noted in this rejection are directed to the current collector device and thus the priority is directed to the filing date of this instant application (18/403,236), see MPEP 2133.01. Regarding claim 7, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated extend event in response to determining, based on signals generated by one or more sensors (10). Lenz does not disclose one or more energy storage sensors that monitor an electrical energy storage device onboard the vehicle, that a state of charge (SOC) of the electrical energy storage device is below a threshold SOC value. Randall discloses the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated extend event (Fig. 1) in response to determining, based on signals generated by one or more energy storage sensors that monitor an electrical energy storage device onboard the vehicle, that a state of charge (SOC) of the electrical energy storage device is below a threshold SOC value (paragraph [0021]). It would have been prima facie obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Lenz to incorporate the state of charge sensor of Randall with a reasonable expectation of success to have the recognized advantage of maintaining power storage to distribute to the rest of the systems (paragraph [0021]). Regarding claim 15, Lenz discloses the vehicle power transfer system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated retract event in response to determining (sensor 10). Lenz does not disclose determining that at least one of (i) a state of charge (SOC) of an electrical energy storage device onboard the vehicle is at least a threshold SOC value. Randall discloses the vehicle power transfer wherein the controller is configured to determine the occurrence of the designated retract event (Fig. 1) in response to determining that at least one of (i) a state of charge (SOC) of an electrical energy storage device onboard the vehicle is at least a threshold SOC value or (ii) a current-carrying device of the offboard power source that is electrically connected to the current collector device has ceased transferring electrical energy to the current collector device (paragraph [0021]). It would have been prima facie obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Lenz to incorporate the state of charge sensor of Randall with a reasonable expectation of success to have the recognized advantage of recognizing when the vehicle is charged (paragraph [0021]). Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. Schanzmann (US Patent Publication 20230415683) discloses trailer with current collector. Haran (US Patent Publicaiton 20250001870) discloses a current collector for electric vehicle. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to LORI WU whose telephone number is (469)295-9111. The examiner can normally be reached Tues-Thurs 8:00-5:00 CST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Ernesto Suarez can be reached at (571) 270-5565. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /LORI WU/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3655
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jan 03, 2024
Application Filed
Jan 10, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
88%
Grant Probability
94%
With Interview (+6.2%)
2y 0m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 402 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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