Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/404,729

BLUETOOTH PAIRING USING A LIGHT SENSOR

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Jan 04, 2024
Examiner
REGO, DOMINIC E
Art Unit
2648
Tech Center
2600 — Communications
Assignee
Qualcomm Incorporated
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
87%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 4m
To Grant
94%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 87% — above average
87%
Career Allow Rate
784 granted / 902 resolved
+24.9% vs TC avg
Moderate +7% lift
Without
With
+7.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 4m
Avg Prosecution
21 currently pending
Career history
923
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
6.3%
-33.7% vs TC avg
§103
43.5%
+3.5% vs TC avg
§102
22.3%
-17.7% vs TC avg
§112
6.9%
-33.1% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 902 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1, 8-9, 15-16, 23-24, and 30 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Bushmeyer et al. (US 2021/0266733). Regarding claim 1, Bushmeyer teaches a user equipment (UE) (Paragraph 0025…a second electronic device), comprising: a processing system that includes processor circuitry and memory circuitry that stores code (Paragraph [0004]), the processing system configured to cause the UE to: receive, via a sensor (Paragraphs 0024…photosensor) at the UE (a second electronic device), a signal comprising light output modulation of a light-emitting device (first electronic device) (Paragraph [0025]… the first electronic device includes a light-emitting device to generate the electromagnetic radiation signal encoding the information), the signal comprising encoded pairing information (Paragraph 0021…. establish a pairing between a peripheral device and a user device, such as a mobile device, authentication information may be securely exchanged between the peripheral device and the user device); decode the encoded pairing information of the signal to obtain pairing information associated with the light-emitting device (Paragraphs [0024-0025], especially paragraph [0024]…. The user device may include a processor and/or logic circuitry configured to decode the encoded authentication information and thereby acquire the authentication information. The user device may then pair with the peripheral device using the authentication information); and perform, at the UE, a Bluetooth pairing procedure with the light-emitting device based at least in part on the pairing information (Paragraph [0025]…….. a first electronic device to encode information in an electromagnetic radiation signal and transmit the electromagnetic radiation to a second electronic device to decode the encoded information. In one example, the first electronic device includes a light-emitting device to generate the electromagnetic radiation signal encoding the information, and the second electronic device includes a photosensor configured to receive and transduce the electromagnetic radiation signal for decoding. In one exemplary embodiment, the first electronic device may transmit pairing authentication information to the second electronic device to enable the second electronic device to pair with the first electronic device and thereby form a wireless connection (for example, a wireless connection pursuant to the Bluetooth Low-Energy technology standard) with the first electronic device). Regarding claims 8, 15, 23, and 30, Bushmever teaches the UE of claim 1, wherein the light-emitting device comprises a Bluetooth low energy smart light, a light-emitting diode (LED) television set (Paragraphs 0003, 0005, 0023, and 0063), or an LED equipped vehicle. Regarding claim 9, Bushmeyer teaches a light-emitting device (Paragraph 0025….the first electronic device includes a light-emitting device), comprising: a processing system that includes processor circuitry and memory circuitry that stores code (Paragraph [0004]), the processing system configured to cause the light-emitting device to: generate encoded pairing information associated with the light-emitting device (Paragraph 0025….the first electronic device includes a light-emitting device to generate the electromagnetic radiation signal encoding the information, and the second electronic device includes a photosensor configured to receive and transduce the electromagnetic radiation signal for decoding. In one exemplary embodiment, the first electronic device may transmit pairing authentication information to the second electronic device to enable the second electronic device to pair with the first electronic device); transmit a signal comprising light output modulation of the light-emitting device (Paragraph [0025]… the first electronic device includes a light-emitting device to generate the electromagnetic radiation signal encoding the information), the signal comprising the encoded pairing information (Paragraph 0021…. establish a pairing between a peripheral device and a user device, such as a mobile device, authentication information may be securely exchanged between the peripheral device and the user device); and perform, at the light-emitting device, a Bluetooth pairing procedure with a user equipment (UE) based at least in part on the encoded pairing information (Paragraph [0025]…….. a first electronic device to encode information in an electromagnetic radiation signal and transmit the electromagnetic radiation to a second electronic device to decode the encoded information. In one example, the first electronic device includes a light-emitting device to generate the electromagnetic radiation signal encoding the information, and the second electronic device includes a photosensor configured to receive and transduce the electromagnetic radiation signal for decoding. In one exemplary embodiment, the first electronic device may transmit pairing authentication information to the second electronic device to enable the second electronic device to pair with the first electronic device and thereby form a wireless connection (for example, a wireless connection pursuant to the Bluetooth Low-Energy technology standard) with the first electronic device. Thus, in this embodiment, the first and second electronic device may establish a wireless connection based on information transmitted via an electromagnetic radiation signal output by the light-emitting device.). Regarding claim 16, Bushmeyer teaches method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE) (Paragraph 0025…a second electronic device), comprising: receiving, via a sensor (Paragraphs 0024…photosensor) at the UE (a second electronic device), a signal comprising light output modulation of a light-emitting device (first electronic device) (Paragraph [0025]… the first electronic device includes a light-emitting device to generate the electromagnetic radiation signal encoding the information), the signal comprising encoded pairing information (Paragraph 0021…. establish a pairing between a peripheral device and a user device, such as a mobile device, authentication information may be securely exchanged between the peripheral device and the user device); decoding the encoded pairing information of the signal to obtain pairing information associated with the light-emitting device (Paragraphs [0024-0025], especially paragraph [0024]…. The user device may include a processor and/or logic circuitry configured to decode the encoded authentication information and thereby acquire the authentication information. The user device may then pair with the peripheral device using the authentication information); and performing, at the UE, a Bluetooth pairing procedure with the light-emitting device based at least in part on the pairing information (Paragraph [0025]…….. a first electronic device to encode information in an electromagnetic radiation signal and transmit the electromagnetic radiation to a second electronic device to decode the encoded information. In one example, the first electronic device includes a light-emitting device to generate the electromagnetic radiation signal encoding the information, and the second electronic device includes a photosensor configured to receive and transduce the electromagnetic radiation signal for decoding. In one exemplary embodiment, the first electronic device may transmit pairing authentication information to the second electronic device to enable the second electronic device to pair with the first electronic device and thereby form a wireless connection (for example, a wireless connection pursuant to the Bluetooth Low-Energy technology standard) with the first electronic device). Regarding claim 24, Bushmeyer teaches a method for wireless communications at a light-emitting device (Paragraph 0025….the first electronic device includes a light-emitting device), comprising: generating encoded pairing information associated with the light-emitting device (Paragraph 0025….the first electronic device includes a light-emitting device to generate the electromagnetic radiation signal encoding the information, and the second electronic device includes a photosensor configured to receive and transduce the electromagnetic radiation signal for decoding. In one exemplary embodiment, the first electronic device may transmit pairing authentication information to the second electronic device to enable the second electronic device to pair with the first electronic device); transmitting a signal comprising light output modulation of the light-emitting device (Paragraph [0025]… the first electronic device includes a light-emitting device to generate the electromagnetic radiation signal encoding the information), the signal comprising the encoded pairing information (Paragraph 0021…. establish a pairing between a peripheral device and a user device, such as a mobile device, authentication information may be securely exchanged between the peripheral device and the user device); and performing, at the light-emitting device, a Bluetooth pairing procedure with a user equipment (UE) based at least in part on the encoded pairing information (Paragraph [0025]…….. a first electronic device to encode information in an electromagnetic radiation signal and transmit the electromagnetic radiation to a second electronic device to decode the encoded information. In one example, the first electronic device includes a light-emitting device to generate the electromagnetic radiation signal encoding the information, and the second electronic device includes a photosensor configured to receive and transduce the electromagnetic radiation signal for decoding. In one exemplary embodiment, the first electronic device may transmit pairing authentication information to the second electronic device to enable the second electronic device to pair with the first electronic device and thereby form a wireless connection (for example, a wireless connection pursuant to the Bluetooth Low-Energy technology standard) with the first electronic device. Thus, in this embodiment, the first and second electronic device may establish a wireless connection based on information transmitted via an electromagnetic radiation signal output by the light-emitting device). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 2-3, 10-11, 17-18, and 25-26 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Bushmeyer et al. (US 2021/0266733) in view of Chang et al. (US 2013/0288604). Regarding claims 2, 10, 17, and 25, Bushmever fails to teach the UE of claim 1, wherein: the signal comprises personal identification information associated with the light-emitting device, and performing the Bluetooth pairing procedure with the light-emitting device is based at least in part on the personal identification information. However, in related art, Chang teaches the UE of claim 1, wherein: the signal comprises personal identification information associated with the light-emitting device, and performing the Bluetooth pairing procedure with the light-emitting device is based at least in part on the personal identification information (Paragraphs [0033-0034]….. the master device selects a Bluetooth device desiring connection from among the searched Bluetooth devices, and then requests pairing. In this case, the Bluetooth device that receives the request for the pairing transmits personal identification information to the master device…….. When the personal identification information requested by the master device coincides with personal identification information received from the Bluetooth device, pairing between the master device and the Bluetooth device is completed). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, at the time the invention was made to use (pre-AIA ) or before the effective filing date of the claimed invention (AIA ) to use Chang’s teaching about wherein: the signal comprises personal identification information associated with the light-emitting device, and performing the Bluetooth pairing procedure with the light-emitting device is based at least in part on the personal identification information with Bushmever’s invention in order to perform data/voice communications. Regarding claims 3, 11, 18, and 26, the combination of Bushmever and Chang teach all the claimed elements in claim 2. In addition, Chang teaches the UE of claim 2, wherein the personal identification information comprises a personal identification number (PIN) or a passkey associated with the light-emitting device (Paragraph 0033….. The master device selects a Bluetooth device desiring connection from among the searched Bluetooth devices, and then requests pairing. In this case, the Bluetooth device that receives the request for the pairing transmits personal identification information to the master device. As an example of the personal identification information, a personal identification number (PIN) may be given). Claims 4, 12, 19, and 27 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Bushmeyer et al. (US 2021/0266733) in view of Nascimento (US 2004/0145491). Regarding claims 4, 12, 19, and 27, Bushmever fails to teach the UE of claim 1, wherein the signal further comprises an on-off keying signal, a variable pulse position modulation signal, a color shift keying signal, or any combination thereof. However, in related art, Nascimento teaches the UE of claim 1, wherein the signal further comprises an on-off keying signal (Paragraph 0019…... At least one segment (or transmission/reception) of the signal RF (e.g., at least operation or device one control signal) may be implemented as an unencoded or an encoded on/off keyed (OOK) signal), a variable pulse position modulation signal, a color shift keying signal, or any combination thereof. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, at the time the invention was made to use (pre-AIA ) or before the effective filing date of the claimed invention (AIA ) to use Nascimento’s teaching about wherein the signal further comprises an on-off keying signal with Bushmever’s invention in order to control the device. Claims 5, 13, 20, and 28 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Bushmeyer et al. (US 2021/0266733) in view of Nakamura (US Patent #7,974,535). Regarding claims 5, 13, 20, and 28, Bushmever fails to teach the UE of claim 1, wherein, to receive the signal, the processing system is configured to cause the UE to: detect a unique pattern of changes in light intensity of the light output modulation via the sensor at the UE. However, in related art, Nakamura teaches the UE of claim 1, wherein, to receive the signal, the processing system is configured to cause the UE to: detect a unique pattern of changes in light intensity of the light output modulation via the sensor at the UE (Col 2, lines 30-54). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, at the time the invention was made to use (pre-AIA ) or before the effective filing date of the claimed invention (AIA ) to use Nascimento’s teaching about wherein, to receive the signal, the processing system is configured to cause the UE to: detect a unique pattern of changes in light intensity of the light output modulation via the sensor at the UE with Bushmever’s invention in order to have desired light intensity. Claims 6, 14, 21, and 29 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Bushmeyer et al. (US 2021/0266733) in view of Kudchadkar et al. (US 2021/0288716). Regarding claims 6, 14, 21, and 29, Bushmever fails to teach the UE of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a light intensity flux sensor, a camera, or both. However, in related art, Kudchadkar teaches the UE of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a light intensity flux sensor, a camera (Paragraph 0043), or both. Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, at the time the invention was made to use (pre-AIA ) or before the effective filing date of the claimed invention (AIA ) to use Kudchadkar’s teaching about wherein the sensor comprises a camera with Bushmever’s invention in order to capture the light intensity of received signal. Claims 7 and 22 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Bushmeyer et al. (US 2021/0266733) in view of Zhang et al. (US 2020/0015301). Regarding claims 7 and 22, Bushmever fails to teach the UE of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the UE to: receive, a confirmation message indicating successful receipt of the encoded pairing information, wherein performing the Bluetooth pairing procedure is based at least in part on the confirmation message. However, in related art, Zhang teaches the UE of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the UE to: receive, a confirmation message indicating successful receipt of the encoded pairing information, wherein performing the Bluetooth pairing procedure is based at least in part on the confirmation message (Paragraphs 0060-0061). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, at the time the invention was made to use (pre-AIA ) or before the effective filing date of the claimed invention (AIA ) to use Zhang’s teaching about wherein the processing system is further configured to cause the UE to: receive, a confirmation message indicating successful receipt of the encoded pairing information, wherein performing the Bluetooth pairing procedure is based at least in part on the confirmation message with Bushmever’s invention in order to obtain, transmit, or otherwise exchange or transfer information with the corresponding device. Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. Murray (US 2023/0140459), Nezamfar (US 2020/0076449), Hotta et al. (US 2018/0157456), Girard et al. (US 2018/0070419), Hardy et al. (US 2015/0256391), Sacha et al. (US Patent #8,891,793), Qin et al. (US 2013/0210357), and Abdelsamie et al. (US 2013/0095757). Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to DOMINIC E REGO whose telephone number is (571)272-8132. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday, 8:00am-4:30pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Wesley Kim can be reached at 571-272-7867. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /DOMINIC E REGO/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2648 Tel 571-272-8132
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jan 04, 2024
Application Filed
Dec 23, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
87%
Grant Probability
94%
With Interview (+7.1%)
2y 4m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 902 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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