DETAILED ACTION
The following Office action concerns Patent Application Number 18/413,993. Claims 1-20 are pending in the application.
Claims 7-9 and 13-20 have been withdrawn from consideration as being drawn to non-elected inventions or species.
Election/Restrictions
A restriction requirement was sent to the Applicant on May 6, 2026. The Applicant was required to elect among several groups of inventions. The Applicant responded to the restriction requirement on July 2, 2026 and elected Group I, claims 1-12, including linking claims. The applicant also elected a species of ligand corresponding to claims 5 and 6. Since the elections were not made with traverse, they are treated as being made without traverse. In addition, the species restriction as to claim 10 is withdrawn. Claims 7-9 and 13-20 are withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to non-elected inventions or species.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC §§ 102 and 103
The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. § 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action:
A person shall be entitled to a patent unless –
(a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention.
(a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention.
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. § 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action:
A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made.
Claims 1-6 and 10-12 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. § 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by, or, alternatively, under 35 U.S.C. § 103 as being obvious over Sumida et al (US 2021/0242416).
Sumida et al teaches a semiconductor device which includes an anode (electrode), a cathode (electrode) and two functional layers between the anode and cathode (par. 5). The functional layer is a photoelectric conversion layer (par. 45). The functional layer includes quantum dots and ligands (par. 15). A quantum dot is a nanoparticle (par. 55). The ligands are bound to the quantum dots (par. 53). The quantum dots include PbS (par. 55). Lead is a group 14 element and sulfur is a group 16 element. The nanoparticles have a size of 0.5-100 nm (par. 55). The semiconductor device is a photoelectric conversion element (par. 3). The electrodes contain titanium (par. 65).
The ligand includes 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenedithiol (par. 53). The amino group is a cationic ligand and the thiol group is an anionic ligand as those terms are described in the application. The molecular weight of both ligands is less than 250. The quantum dots further include a halogen ligand such as iodine (par. 80).
In the event that the above disclosure is not sufficiently specific to anticipate the above listed claims, the examiner submits that selection of the instantly claimed ligand and resultant properties would have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art since Sumida et al teaches a photoelectric conversion element having the claimed structure and comprising each of the claimed components.
Examiner’s Information
Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to William Young whose telephone number is (571) 270-5078. The examiner can normally be reached Monday through Friday, 8:30 AM to 5 PM.
If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Angela Brown-Pettigrew, can be reached at 571-272-2817. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300.
Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000./WILLIAM D YOUNG/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1761 July 16, 2026
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