Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/416,044

THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Jan 18, 2024
Examiner
TRAN, LEN
Art Unit
3763
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
11%
Grant Probability
At Risk
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 8m
To Grant
32%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants only 11% of cases
11%
Career Allow Rate
12 granted / 113 resolved
-59.4% vs TC avg
Strong +21% interview lift
Without
With
+21.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 8m
Avg Prosecution
18 currently pending
Career history
131
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§103
49.3%
+9.3% vs TC avg
§102
25.0%
-15.0% vs TC avg
§112
22.6%
-17.4% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 113 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Takei et al. (Translation of JP2022060754A), and further in view of Suwin (Translation of JP 2019047555A). Regarding Claim 1, Takei discloses a thermal management system provided in an electric device, the thermal management system comprising: a first flow path, a second flow path, a third flow path, and a fourth flow path each configured to allow a heat medium to flow through the flow path (shown in figure 1); a power storage device (9) configured to exchange heat with the heat medium flowing through the first flow path (shown in figure 1); a drive device (6) configured to exchange heat with the heat medium flowing through the second flow path (shown in figure 1) and supply a driving force to the electric device; a radiator (2) provided in the third flow path (shown in figure 1); a chiller (13) provided in the fourth flow path (shown in figure 1); and a switching device (7) configured to switch a connection state between the first flow path, the second flow path, the third flow path, and the fourth flow path (shown in figure 1). Takei fails to disclose the switching device is configured to disconnect the first flow path from the other flow paths when a temperature of the power storage device is equal to or higher than a first set temperature and equal to or lower than a second set temperature that is higher than the first set temperature. Suwin, also drawn to a thermal management system with a battery, teaches the switching device is configured to disconnect the first flow path from the other flow paths when a temperature of the power storage device is equal to or higher than a first set temperature and equal to or lower than a second set temperature that is higher than the first set temperature (“In step S3, the switching control unit 7 determines whether the temperature of the battery 51 is within a predetermined operating temperature range. If the temperature of the battery 51 is not within the predetermined operating temperature range (No in step S3), step S3 is repeated until the temperature is within the predetermined operating temperature range” (¶41, underline for emphasis), and “When the battery 51 is in a condition to be discharged or charged (Yes in step S7), in step S8, the switching control unit 7 selects the bypass flow channel 34 as the flow channel of the refrigerant. Specifically, the switching control unit 7 opens the first port 331 and the second port 332 of the valve 33 and closes the third port 333. Thus, the refrigerant can flow to the bypass flow path 34.”, ¶41). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, to provide Takei with the switching device is configured to disconnect the first flow path from the other flow paths when a temperature of the power storage device is equal to or higher than a first set temperature and equal to or lower than a second set temperature that is higher than the first set temperature, as taught by Suwin, the motivation being in “a relatively cold environment such as winter, the battery temperature control device selects the bypass flow path of the refrigerant circuit as the flow path of the refrigerant when the temperature of the battery falls within the predetermined operating temperature range. Thereby, the battery can be kept warm within a predetermined operating temperature range by utilizing the exhaust heat released from the battery without using a heat exchange unit which consumes a lot of energy”, (¶11). Claim(s) 1 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Mancini et al. (US 2019/0070924), and further in view of Suwin (Translation of JP 2019047555A). Regarding Claim 1, Mancini discloses a thermal management system provided in an electric device, the thermal management system comprising: a first flow path, a second flow path, a third flow path, and a fourth flow path each configured to allow a heat medium to flow through the flow path (all of the flow paths are shown in figure 10); a power storage device (106) configured to exchange heat with the heat medium flowing through the first flow path (shown in figure 10); a drive device (302, 304) configured to exchange heat with the heat medium flowing through the second flow path (shown in figure 10) and supply a driving force to the electric device (“Power Conversion Electronics” and “Inverter”); a radiator (236) provided in the third flow path (shown in figure 10); a chiller (220) provided in the fourth flow path (shown in figure 10); and a switching device (208) configured to switch a connection state between the first flow path, the second flow path, the third flow path, and the fourth flow path (shown in figure 10), wherein the switching device is configured to disconnect the first flow path from the other flow paths (“The battery system coolant loop 204 and the drive train coolant loop 206 are typically placed in series by the coolant valve system 208 when the components of the loops 204 and 206 are comparable in temperature; otherwise, the valve 208 state is parallel, which isolates the battery system 106 from the rest of the coolant loop”, ¶107). Mancini fails to disclose when a temperature of the power storage device is equal to or higher than a first set temperature and equal to or lower than a second set temperature that is higher than the first set temperature. Suwin, also drawn to a thermal management system with a battery, teaches the switching device is configured to disconnect the first flow path from the other flow paths when a temperature of the power storage device is equal to or higher than a first set temperature and equal to or lower than a second set temperature that is higher than the first set temperature (“In step S3, the switching control unit 7 determines whether the temperature of the battery 51 is within a predetermined operating temperature range. If the temperature of the battery 51 is not within the predetermined operating temperature range (No in step S3), step S3 is repeated until the temperature is within the predetermined operating temperature range” (¶41, underline for emphasis), and “When the battery 51 is in a condition to be discharged or charged (Yes in step S7), in step S8, the switching control unit 7 selects the bypass flow channel 34 as the flow channel of the refrigerant. Specifically, the switching control unit 7 opens the first port 331 and the second port 332 of the valve 33 and closes the third port 333. Thus, the refrigerant can flow to the bypass flow path 34.”, ¶41). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, to provide Mancini with the switching device is configured to disconnect the first flow path from the other flow paths when a temperature of the power storage device is equal to or higher than a first set temperature and equal to or lower than a second set temperature that is higher than the first set temperature, as taught by Suwin, the motivation being in “a relatively cold environment such as winter, the battery temperature control device selects the bypass flow path of the refrigerant circuit as the flow path of the refrigerant when the temperature of the battery falls within the predetermined operating temperature range. Thereby, the battery can be kept warm within a predetermined operating temperature range by utilizing the exhaust heat released from the battery without using a heat exchange unit which consumes a lot of energy”, (¶11). Inquiry Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Len Tran whose telephone number is (571)272-1184. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday, 8am - 4pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /LEN TRAN/ Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 3763
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jan 18, 2024
Application Filed
Dec 03, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jan 09, 2026
Request for Continued Examination
Feb 28, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Mar 03, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
11%
Grant Probability
32%
With Interview (+21.3%)
2y 8m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 113 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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