Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/420,248

AUTONOMOUS DUTY CYCLE CALIBRATION

Non-Final OA §102
Filed
Jan 23, 2024
Examiner
ALMO, KHAREEM E
Art Unit
2849
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Lodestar Licensing Group LLC
OA Round
5 (Non-Final)
87%
Grant Probability
Favorable
5-6
OA Rounds
2y 5m
To Grant
92%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 87% — above average
87%
Career Allow Rate
615 granted / 704 resolved
+19.4% vs TC avg
Minimal +5% lift
Without
With
+4.8%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 5m
Avg Prosecution
41 currently pending
Career history
745
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.6%
-39.4% vs TC avg
§103
36.3%
-3.7% vs TC avg
§102
57.6%
+17.6% vs TC avg
§112
4.5%
-35.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 704 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114 A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on 1/13/2026 has been entered. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1-20 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Luo (US 9030244). PNG media_image1.png 563 503 media_image1.png Greyscale PNG media_image2.png 514 656 media_image2.png Greyscale With respect to claim 1, Luo produces a memory system (per column 1 lines 20-25 give the example of the DDR memory interface), comprising: one or more memory devices (configuration memory elements per claim 17 having input coupled to the calibration control circuitry and output coupled to the tuning circuit) (see also col. 3 lines 15-26 “Signals received from external circuitry at input-output elements 110 may be routed from input-output elements 110 to core logic region 115 or other logic blocks (not shown) on IC 100. Core logic region 115 may be populated with logic cells that may include "logic elements" (LEs) 117, among other circuits. In one embodiment, LEs 117 may include look-up table-based logic regions and may be grouped into "Logic Array Blocks" (LABs). LEs 117 and groups of LEs or LABs may be configured to perform specific user functions. Configuration data loaded into configuration memory (not shown) may be used to produce control signals that configure LEs 117 and groups of LEs and LABs to perform the desired user functions. Core logic region 115 may therefore perform logical functions based on the signals received.”); and one or more controllers (calibration control 370/380) coupled with the one or more memory devices and configured to cause the memory system to: determine whether (assert or de-assert) an autonomous duty cycle calibration mode (CAL-EN) of the memory system is enabled by accessing a bit (i.e. R3 or R2) stored to a first address, the bit comprising an enable bit or a disable bit (bit R3; per Col. 6 lines 5-25 “ In one embodiment, R3 may be a RAM control bit that enables and disables comparator circuit 330 for offset calibration”); and perform, in accordance with determine that the autonomous duty cycle calibration mode is enabled (see Col. 6 lines 5-25 “R3 may store an asserted enable signal when comparator circuit 330 is placed in calibration mode”), one or more duty cycle calibration operations during a boot sequence (here boot sequence is interpreted as an open ended period of the start-up of the machine) of the memory system, wherein determining that autonomous duty cycle calibration mode is enabled is based on the enable bit (bit R3) being set in the first address. (col. 6, per lines 5-25 “ In one embodiment, R3 may be a RAM control bit that enables and disables comparator circuit 330 for offset calibration”); Col. 5 lines 41-60 “Tuning circuit 310 will calibrate or adjust the clock signals CLK and CLKB incrementally until the duty cycle of the adjusted output clock signals CLK-O and CLKB-O is balanced (or as close as possible to 50%). In one embodiment, the calibration stops when the output INC of comparator circuit 330 switches from a logic high level to a logic low level. As shown in FIG. 3, control logic 380 may be used to monitor the toggling of the output signal INC. Control logic 380 may output an asserted enable signal CAL-EN that enables tuning calibration circuit 350 in calibration control circuitry 370 to update calibration offset RAM bits R1. Accordingly, when INC toggles from the logic high level to the logic low level, indicating that the previous calibration made to the clock signal CLK (and clock signal CLKB) is as close as possible to a 50% duty cycle, control logic 380 may deassert CAL-EN. When CAL-EN is deasserted, tuning calibration circuit 350 may "lock" the calibration offset RAM bits R1 so that tuning circuit 310 may apply the appropriate offset value to the clock signals CLK and CLKB to produce the respective adjusted clock signals CLK-O and CLKB-O.”) With respect to claim 2, Luo produces the memory system of claim 1, wherein the one or more controllers (370) are further configured to cause the memory system to: receive a command (INC) for the memory system (col. 5 lines 7-16 “The output of comparator circuit 330, INC, is transmitted to tuning calibration circuit 350 in calibration control circuitry 370. Tuning calibration circuit 350 may accumulate incremental value of INC to generate the calibration RAM bits R1. …. A total of five bits are used to set the calibration RAM bits R1.”), wherein determining whether the autonomous duty cycle calibration mode is enabled is based at least in part on the command (col. 5 lines 7-16 “Tuning circuit 310 in turn calibrates the clock signal CLK and the CLB clock signal based on the tuning bits DC-TUNE[0-4] from calibration RAM bits R1.”). With respect to claim 3, Luo produces the memory system of claim 2, wherein receiving the command comprises the one or more controllers configured to cause the memory system to: receive, from the one or more controllers associated with the memory system, or from a host system, or both, an autonomous duty cycle calibration mode enable command (col. 5 lines 48 -51, “Control logic 380 may output an asserted enable signal CAL-EN that enables tuning calibration circuit 350 in calibration control circuitry 370 to update calibration offset RAM bits R1.”). With respect to claim 4, Luo produces the memory system of claim 1, wherein determining whether the autonomous duty cycle calibration mode is enabled (see Col. 5 lines 48-51 “Control logic 380 may output an asserted enable signal CAL_EN that enables tuning calibration circuit 350 in calibration control circuitry 370 to update calibration offset RAM bits R1.”) is based at least in part on a power-on sequence for the memory system. (Here, col. 1 lines 14-25, discloses synchronous devices require a clock signal to operate. “Circuits that are designed to operate with a clock signal (commonly referred to as synchronous circuits) are generally activated at the rising or falling edge of the clock signal.” Thus as interpreted here, the rising or falling edge activation of the device by the clock signal is seen as part of the power-on sequence for the memory system and the duty cycle calibration enablement is based on the power-on sequence.) With respect to claim 5, Luo produces the memory system of claim 1, wherein the one or more controllers (370/380) are further configured to cause the memory system to: adjust, during the boot sequence (here boot sequence is interpreted as an open ended period of the start-up of the machine) and based at least in part on performing the one or more duty cycle calibration operations (from 300), a trim value (tuning bits DC TUNE[0:4]) associated with the one or more duty cycle calibration operations. With respect to claim 6, Luo produces the memory system of claim 1, wherein the one or more controllers (370/380) are further configured to cause the memory system to: monitor (via feedback and control logic col. 5, lines 45-50 “control logic 380 may be used to monitor the toggling of the output signal INC.”), based at least in part on performing the one or more duty cycle calibration operations, one or more duty cycle calibration parameters (col 4, lines 49-62 “The difference between ERR and ERRB represents the ratio of the duty cycle distortion in the clock signal CLK-O.”) of the memory system; the one or more duty cycle calibration parameters comprising a duration associated with one or more continuous read clocks (system clock signal) or a quantity of clock cycles associated with one or more continuous read clocks; compare (via 330) the one or more duty cycle calibration parameters with a duty cycle calibration condition; and determine, based at least in part on the comparison of the one or more duty cycle calibration parameters with the duty cycle calibration condition, whether to perform one or more second duty cycle calibration operations during a second idle period of the memory system (Col. 4 lines 61-68- col.5 lines 1-7 “Depending on the values of ERR and ERRB, comparator circuit 330 may set its output, INC, to either a logic high level or a logic low level. The respective voltage levels of ERR and ERRB indicate whether the duty cycle of the clock signal CLK is greater or less than 50%. For example, when the duty cycle of the clock signal CLK is above 50%, ERR may be at a higher voltage level than ERRB and when the duty cycle is below 50%, ERR may be at a lower voltage level than ERRB. A clock signal with a balanced duty cycle (50% duty cycle) may produce equal ERR and ERRB value.”). With respect to claim 7, Luo produces the memory system of claim 6, wherein the one or more controllers (370/380) are further configured to cause the memory system to: perform, based at least in part on the one or more duty cycle calibration parameters (ERR and ERRB) satisfying the duty cycle calibration condition (not balanced or close as possible to 50% duty cycle), the one or more second duty cycle calibration operations during the second idle period of the memory system. With respect to claim 8, Luo produces the memory system of claim 6, wherein the one or more controllers (370/380) are further configured to cause the memory system to: refrain from performing, based at least in part on the one or more duty cycle calibration parameters failing to satisfy the duty cycle calibration condition (not balanced or close as possible to 50% duty cycle), the one or more second duty cycle calibration operations during the second idle period of the memory system (if the parameter is 50% duty cycle the system does not increment.) With respect to claim 10, Luo produces the memory system of claim 1, wherein a duty cycle calibration parameter (ERR and ERRB) of the one or more duty cycle calibration parameters (ERR and ERRB) comprises a quantity of cycles (this is inherent with the calculation of the duty cycle distortion for a given number of cycles) associated with one or more continuous read clocks of the memory system. With respect to claim 11, Luo produces the memory system of claim 1, wherein a duty cycle calibration parameter (ERR and ERRB) of the one or more duty cycle calibration parameters comprises a mode (Calibration enable mode) of the memory system. With respect to claim 12, Luo discloses a method, comprising: determining whether (CAL-EN) an autonomous duty cycle calibration mode of a memory system is enabled by accessing a bit (R3 or R2) stored to a first address; (see Col. 6 lines 5-25 per column 5-25 “ In one embodiment, R3 may be a RAM control bit that enables and disables comparator circuit 330 for offset calibration”); ), the bit comprising an enable bit or a disable bit; and performing, in accordance with determining that the autonomous duty cycle calibration mode is enabled, one or more duty cycle calibration operations during a boot sequence (here boot sequence is interpreted as an open ended period of the start-up of the machine) of the memory system, wherein determining that the autonomous duty cycle calibration mode is enabled based on the enable bit (bit R3) being set in the first address. With respect to claim 13, Luo discloses the method of claim 12, further comprising: receiving a command for the memory system (col 3, lines 21-26 “Configuration data loaded into configuration memory (not shown) may be used to produce control signals that configure LEs 117 and groups of LEs and LABs to perform the desired user functions.”). , wherein determining whether the autonomous duty cycle calibration mode is enabled is based at least in part on receiving the command. With respect to claim 14, Luo discloses the method of claim 13, wherein receiving the command comprises: receiving, from one or more controllers (370/380 ) associated with the memory system or from a host system, an autonomous duty cycle calibration mode enable command (CAL-EN). (col. 5 lines 48 -51, “Control logic 380 may output an asserted enable signal CAL-EN that enables tuning calibration circuit 350 in calibration control circuitry 370 to update calibration offset RAM bits R1.”). With respect to claim 15, Luo discloses the method of claim 12, wherein determining whether the autonomous duty cycle calibration mode is enabled is based at least in part on a power-on sequence for the memory system (Here, col. 1 lines 14-25, discloses synchronous devices require a clock signal to operate. “Circuits that are designed to operate with a clock signal (commonly referred to as synchronous circuits) are generally activated at the rising or falling edge of the clock signal.” Thus as interpreted here, the rising or falling edge activation of the device by the clock signal is seen as part of the power-on sequence for the memory system and the duty cycle calibration enablement is based on the power-on sequence.) With respect to claim 16, Luo discloses the method of claim 12, further comprising: adjusting, during the boot sequence (here boot sequence is interpreted as an open ended period of the start-up of the machine) and based at least in part on performing the one or more duty cycle calibration operations (from 300), a trim value (tuning bits DC TUNE[0:4]) associated with the one or more duty cycle calibration operations. With respect to claim 17, Luo discloses the method of claim 12, further comprising: monitoring (via feedback and control logic col. 5, lines 45-50 “control logic 380 may be used to monitor the toggling of the output signal INC.”), based at least in part on performing the one or more duty cycle calibration operations, one or more duty cycle calibration parameters (col 4, lines 49-62 “The difference between ERR and ERRB represents the ratio of the duty cycle distortion in the clock signal CLK-O.”) of the memory system, the one or more duty cycle calibration parameters comprising a duration associated with one or more continuous read clocks (system clock) or a quantity of clock cycles associated with one or more continuous read clocks; comparing (via 330) the one or more duty cycle calibration parameters with the duty cycle calibration condition; and determining, based at least in part on comparing the one or more duty cycle calibration parameters with the duty cycle calibration condition, whether to perform one or more second duty cycle calibration operations during a second idle period of the memory system (Col. 4 lines 61-68- col.5 lines 1-7 “Depending on the values of ERR and ERRB, comparator circuit 330 may set its output, INC, to either a logic high level or a logic low level. The respective voltage levels of ERR and ERRB indicate whether the duty cycle of the clock signal CLK is greater or less than 50%. For example, when the duty cycle of the clock signal CLK is above 50%, ERR may be at a higher voltage level than ERRB and when the duty cycle is below 50%, ERR may be at a lower voltage level than ERRB. A clock signal with a balanced duty cycle (50% duty cycle) may produce equal ERR and ERRB value.”). With respect to claim 18, Luo discloses the method of claim 17, further comprising: performing, based at least in part on the one or more duty cycle calibration parameters (ERR and ERRB) satisfying the duty cycle calibration condition (not balanced or close as possible to 50% duty cycle),, the one or more second duty cycle calibration operations during the second idle period of the memory system. With respect to claim 19, Luo discloses the method of claim 17, further comprising: refraining from performing, based at least in part on the one or more duty cycle calibration parameters failing to satisfy the duty cycle calibration condition (not balanced or close as possible to 50% duty cycle), the one or more second duty cycle calibration operations during the second idle period of the memory system (if the parameter is 50% duty cycle the system does not increment.) With respect to claim 20, Luo discloses a non-transitory computer-readable medium (col 3, lines 21-26 “Configuration data loaded into configuration memory (not shown) may be used to produce control signals that configure LEs 117 and groups of LEs and LABs to perform the desired user functions.”) storing code, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to: determine whether an autonomous duty cycle calibration mode (CAL -EN) of a memory system is enabled by accessing a bit (R3 or R2) stored to a first address, the bit comprising an enable bit or a disable bit (Col. 6, lines 5-25 “In one embodiment, R3 may be a RAM control bit that enables and disables comparator circuit 330 for offset calibration”); and perform, in accordance with determining that the autonomous duty cycle calibration mode is enabled (see Col. 5 lines 48-51 “Control logic 380 may output an asserted enable signal CAL_EN that enables tuning calibration circuit 350 in calibration control circuitry 370 to update calibration offset RAM bits R1.”) one or more duty cycle calibration operations during a boot sequence (here boot sequence is interpreted as an open ended period of the start-up of the machine) of the memory system, wherein determining that the autonomous duty cycle calibration mode is enabled is based on the enable bit (bit R3) being set in the first address. (Col. 6 lines 5-25 “ In one embodiment, R3 may be a RAM control bit that enables and disables comparator circuit 330 for offset calibration.” Col. 5 lines 41-60 “Tuning circuit 310 will calibrate or adjust the clock signals CLK and CLKB incrementally until the duty cycle of the adjusted output clock signals CLK-O and CLKB-O is balanced (or as close as possible to 50%). In one embodiment, the calibration stops when the output INC of comparator circuit 330 switches from a logic high level to a logic low level. As shown in FIG. 3, control logic 380 may be used to monitor the toggling of the output signal INC. Control logic 380 may output an asserted enable signal CAL-EN that enables tuning calibration circuit 350 in calibration control circuitry 370 to update calibration offset RAM bits R1. Accordingly, when INC toggles from the logic high level to the logic low level, indicating that the previous calibration made to the clock signal CLK (and clock signal CLKB) is as close as possible to a 50% duty cycle, control logic 380 may deassert CAL-EN. When CAL-EN is deasserted, tuning calibration circuit 350 may "lock" the calibration offset RAM bits R1 so that tuning circuit 310 may apply the appropriate offset value to the clock signals CLK and CLKB to produce the respective adjusted clock signals CLK-O and CLKB-O.”) Response to Arguments Applicant's arguments filed 12/5/2025 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. Applicant’s arguments with respect to claim(s) 1, 12 and 20 have been considered but are moot because the new ground of rejection does not rely on any reference applied in the prior rejection of record for any teaching or matter specifically challenged in the argument. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to KHAREEM E ALMO whose telephone number is (571)272-5524. The examiner can normally be reached M-F (8:00am-4:00pm). Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Menatoallah Youssef can be reached on M-F (8:00am-4:00pm). The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /KHAREEM E ALMO/Examiner, Art Unit 2849
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jan 23, 2024
Application Filed
Jan 16, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102
Apr 02, 2025
Response Filed
Apr 18, 2025
Final Rejection — §102
Jun 11, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Jun 12, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jul 01, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102
Sep 30, 2025
Response Filed
Oct 10, 2025
Final Rejection — §102
Dec 09, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jan 13, 2026
Request for Continued Examination
Jan 24, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Mar 25, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

5-6
Expected OA Rounds
87%
Grant Probability
92%
With Interview (+4.8%)
2y 5m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 704 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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