Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 17, 2026
Application No. 18/438,430

Multi-Key Cryptography Systems, Methods And Products

Non-Final OA §101§102
Filed
Feb 10, 2024
Examiner
BAYOU, YONAS A
Art Unit
2499
Tech Center
2400 — Computer Networks
Assignee
unknown
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
84%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 11m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 84% — above average
84%
Career Allow Rate
711 granted / 845 resolved
+26.1% vs TC avg
Strong +15% interview lift
Without
With
+15.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 11m
Avg Prosecution
28 currently pending
Career history
873
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
12.2%
-27.8% vs TC avg
§103
38.2%
-1.8% vs TC avg
§102
25.3%
-14.7% vs TC avg
§112
8.3%
-31.7% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 845 resolved cases

Office Action

§101 §102
DETAILED ACTION This Office Action is in response to the application 18/438,430 filed on 02/10/2024. Claims 1-3 have been examined and are pending in this application. Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Election/Restrictions For the record, the Examiner acknowledges that NO restrictions warranted at applicants initial time of filing for patent. Priority For the record, the Examiner acknowledges that NO foreign priority claimed at applicant’s initial time of filing for patent. Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statement (IDS), submitted on 02/10/2024, is in compliance with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97. Accordingly, the information disclosure statement is being considered by the examiner. Oath/Declaration For the record, the Examiner acknowledges that the Oath/Declaration submitted on 02/10/2024 has been accepted. Drawings For the record, the Examiner acknowledges that the drawings filed on 02/10/2024 has been accepted. Specification For the record, the Examiner acknowledges that the Applicant's specification filed on 02/10/2024 has been accepted. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 101 35 U.S.C. 101 reads as follows: Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title. Claim 3 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 101 because claim 3 is directed towards a computer program product comprising computer readable instructions. The specification as originally filed does not define the metes and bounds of what is meant to be encompassed by the term "computer readable instructions", thus the term can broadly, but reasonable be interpreted to include signals per se, which means that claim 3 is directed towards signals per se and is not statutory. Applicant may overcome this rejection by instead reciting a "non-transitory computer readable instructions" in place of ‘computer readable instructions.’ Appropriate correction is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-3 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102 (a) (1) as being anticipated by Meghji, Pub. No.: US 2023/0066838. Referring to claim 1, Meghji teaches a system for securing access to a resource using public or private blockchain distributed networks for authorized parties, the system comprising: a. a public key that is provided on a first public or private blockchain that is delivered to the authorized parties that require access to the public key and which is not exposed to the general public (abstract, claim 1, para. 0007, hash of the public key; paras. 0039, 0230); b. a private key that is provided on a second public or private blockchain that is created to deliver the private key to the first blockchain (para. 0011, 0015, 0230, 0238-0239, private key in the ledger/blockchain and figs. 11-15); and c. wherein both the public key and the private key are required to gain access to the resource (para. 0230, a key pair that is specific to the access-right holder (e.g., a first private key and a first public key). Referring to claim 2, This claim is similar in scope to claim 1, and is therefore rejected under similar rationale. Referring to claim 3, This claim is similar in scope to claim 1, and is therefore rejected under similar rationale. Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. Please see the attached PTO-892. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to YONAS A BAYOU whose telephone number is (571)272-7610. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday 7AM-4PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Philip Chea can be reached at 571-272-3951. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /YONAS A BAYOU/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2499 08/21/2025
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Feb 10, 2024
Application Filed
Aug 22, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §101, §102 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12603776
METHOD FOR DISTRIBUTING AUTHENTICATABLE SATELLITE DATA BETWEEN ENTITIES
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12592838
CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHM IDENTITY (CAI) CERTIFICATE SELECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12592916
METHODS AND APPARATUS TO AUTHENTICATE COMPUTING DEVICES
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12592822
CODE CONVERSION APPARATUS, CODE CONVERSION METHOD, AND COMPUTER READABLE RECORDING MEDIUM
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12587530
CLOUD ARCHITECTURE FOR ENFORCING MULTI-DIMENSIONAL DATA SECURITY USING SECURITY ASSIGNMENTS BEYOND ROLE-BASED ACCESS CONTROLS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
84%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+15.1%)
2y 11m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 845 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in for Full Analysis

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month