Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 17, 2026
Application No. 18/445,366

Mechanical Device to Selectively Defoliate Lawn Weeds

Non-Final OA §102§112
Filed
Aug 02, 2023
Examiner
BREGEL, EVAN ANTHONY
Art Unit
3671
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
unknown
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
67%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 5m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 67% — above average
67%
Career Allow Rate
22 granted / 33 resolved
+14.7% vs TC avg
Strong +41% interview lift
Without
With
+40.7%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 5m
Avg Prosecution
19 currently pending
Career history
52
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§103
48.9%
+8.9% vs TC avg
§102
26.8%
-13.2% vs TC avg
§112
23.0%
-17.0% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 33 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §112
Detailed Action Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 1-3 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Regarding Claim 1: Claim 1 recites the language: “...resulting in said apparatus having fewer necessary mechanical parts.” The phrase “having fewer necessary mechanical parts” fails to define the metes and bounds of the claim, and is therefore indefinite. There is no baseline set forth for how many mechanical parts is necessary, nor what is being compared to when the claim of “fewer necessary mechanical parts” is asserted. For the purposes of examination, the examiner will interpret the phrase “having fewer necessary mechanical parts” as not substantial to the metes and bounds of the claim due to a lack of clear boundaries. Regarding Claim 2: Claim 2 recites the language: “…wherein are rotated…”. This language does not clearly define what elements are being rotated with regards to the claimed invention as defined in preceding claims, and is therefore indefinite. For the purposes of examination, examiner will interpret the rotating element to be the strings set forth in the claim preamble. Regarding Claim 3: Claim 3 recites the language: ”…wherein are spaced along the spindle…”. Similar to claim 2, this language does not clearly define what elements are spaced along the spindle with regard to the claimed invention as defined in preceding claims, and is therefore indefinite. For the purposes of examination, examiner will interpret the spaced elements to be the strings set forth in the claim preamble. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-3 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) as being anticipated by Hurley et al as part of US 20060123635 A1, hereinafter referred to as Hurley. Regarding Claim 1: Hurley teaches of an apparatus for defoliating lawn and turf grass weeds, comprising at least one spindle rotating about a horizontal axis holding a plurality of strings rotating vertically (Fig. 4, trimmer head 22 comprises a plurality of trimming strings 62, the plurality of which depends on the style of trimmer head 22 utilized; Fig. 3, trimmer head 22 is shown rotating along a horizontal axis, with trimming strings 62 working vertically). and a means to rotate said spindle at high speed wherein the improvement consists of the use of high speed cutting strings (Fig. 5, motor 20 drives the movement of trimmer head 22). Regarding Claim 2: Hurley teaches of the apparatus described above in claim 1. Hurley further teaches wherein the strings are rotated at a speed high enough to cut any resisting vegetation (Paragraph 42, string trimmer head 22 cuts vegetation while in operation via rotational movement of trimming strings 62). Regarding Claim 3: Hurley teaches of the apparatus described above in claim 1. Hurley further teaches wherein the strings are spaced along the spindle close enough to adequately clear resisting vegetation in a path the width of the strings on the spindle (Fig. 6, alternate embodiment demonstrates strings 188 are spaced along the body of trimmer head 186; Paragraph 42/Fig. 3, string trimmer head 22 cuts vegetation in a sharp vertical line the width of the cutting implement, trimming strings 62). Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. Proulx as part of US 4097991 A teaches of an apparatus for cutting vegetation, comprising at least one spindle rotating about a horizontal axis holding a plurality of strings rotating vertically, and a means to rotate said spindle at high speed wherein the improvement consists of the use of high speed cutting strings resulting in said apparatus having fewer necessary mechanical parts, wherein are rotated at a speed high enough to cut any resisting vegetation, and wherein are spaced along the spindle close enough to adequately clear resisting vegetation in a path the width of the strings on the spindle. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to EVAN ANTHONY BREGEL whose telephone number is (571)272-0922. The examiner can normally be reached 8:30-5:30 Eastern, M-F. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Christopher J Sebesta can be reached at (571)272-0547. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /EVAN A BREGEL/Examiner, Art Unit 3671 /CHRISTOPHER J SEBESTA/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 3671
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Aug 02, 2023
Application Filed
Sep 30, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §112 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12588575
Weeding Unit and Method for Treating an Agricultural Field
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12568870
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTING BENT GROUND-ENGAGING SHANKS ON AN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Patent 12559902
Add-on milling unit with cross-cutting heads at an angle to each other and output gears with Belevoid toothing
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 24, 2026
Patent 12553223
MATERIAL HANDLING IMPLEMENT WITH DISPLACEABLE WEAR COMPONENT ABUTMENT
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 17, 2026
Patent 12550800
DIVERTER SYSTEM FOR A CLOSING ASSEMBLY
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 17, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
67%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+40.7%)
3y 5m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 33 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in for Full Analysis

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month