Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/453,940

ION-ENHANCED THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Aug 22, 2023
Examiner
BUCK, LINDSEY A
Art Unit
1728
Tech Center
1700 — Chemical & Materials Engineering
Assignee
Howe Industries LLC
OA Round
3 (Non-Final)
49%
Grant Probability
Moderate
3-4
OA Rounds
3y 4m
To Grant
82%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 49% of resolved cases
49%
Career Allow Rate
332 granted / 679 resolved
-16.1% vs TC avg
Strong +34% interview lift
Without
With
+33.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 4m
Avg Prosecution
40 currently pending
Career history
719
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.1%
-39.9% vs TC avg
§103
42.2%
+2.2% vs TC avg
§102
25.5%
-14.5% vs TC avg
§112
24.8%
-15.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 679 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 1 and 4-10 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 1 contains the limitation “wherein, as a degree of conductivity is increased, a figure of merit of the thermoelectric material increases to between 4-7 and efficiency increases 18-22%; wherein the radiation source produces radiation from a radioisotope; emitting ionizing radiation that increases electrical conductivity of the n-type material or the p-type material”. It is unclear how the limitation “emitting ionizing radiation that increases electrical conductivity of the n-type material or the p-type material” is related to the limitation “as a degree of conductivity is increased”. Is the “degree of conductivity” referring to the electrical conductivity? Thermal conductivity? Or something else? Is the step of “emitting ionizing radiation that increases electrical conductivity” causing the claimed degree of conductivity to be increased? Or is it a separate step in the method? Appropriate clarification and/or correction are required. Claims 4-10 are additionally rejected as being dependent on a rejected base claim and including all of the limitations thereof. Claim 6 contains the limitation “wherein the thermoelectric converter responds to the radiation source strips electrons in the n-type material and/or the p-type material” which is unclear. The language used in the claim makes it unclear what is being required. It is suggested that claim 6 be amended to read “wherein the radiation source strips electrons in the n-type material and/or the p-type material”. Claim 7-9 are additionally rejected as being dependent on rejected base claim 6 and including all of the limitations thereof. Claim 8 contains the limitation “wherein the emitting ionizing radiation changes properties from radiation induced conductivity changes to electrical conductivity, from changes to thermal conductivity, or from changes to Seebeck coefficient” which is unclear. It is unclear what is required by claim 8 and how it relates to the “emitting ionizing radiation that increases electrical conductivity of the n-type material or the p-type material” limitation from claim 1. Appropriate clarification and/or correction are required. Claim 9 contains the limitation “wherein the changing material properties take place over a specific range of temperatures”. The term “the changing material properties” does not have antecedent basis in the claim or in claims 6 or 1, from which claim 9 depends. Is the term “the changing material properties” referring to the limitation “increases electrical conductivity” set forth in claim 1 or some other “changing material properties”? Appropriate clarification and correction are required. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to LINDSEY A BUCK whose telephone number is (571)270-1234. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday 9am-5:30pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Matthew Martin can be reached at (571)270-7871. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /LINDSEY A BUCK/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1728
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Aug 22, 2023
Application Filed
Aug 30, 2023
Response after Non-Final Action
May 17, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Jun 14, 2024
Response Filed
Oct 01, 2024
Final Rejection — §112
Mar 25, 2025
Notice of Allowance
Oct 27, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Oct 28, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Nov 12, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

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DOUBLE-CAPPED MICROMOLECULE ELECTRON DONOR MATERIAL AND PREPARATION AND APPLICATION THEREOF
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12575219
SOLAR CELL AND PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Patent 12563858
THREE DIMENSIONAL CONCAVE HEMISPHERE SOLAR CELLS
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 24, 2026
Patent 12557550
THERMOELECTRIC DEVICE
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 17, 2026
Patent 12550614
Device for converting thermal energy into electric power
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
49%
Grant Probability
82%
With Interview (+33.5%)
3y 4m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 679 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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