Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/461,353

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONTAINERS

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Sep 05, 2023
Examiner
LIANG, SHIBIN
Art Unit
1741
Tech Center
1700 — Chemical & Materials Engineering
Assignee
Krones AG
OA Round
3 (Non-Final)
62%
Grant Probability
Moderate
3-4
OA Rounds
3y 1m
To Grant
81%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 62% of resolved cases
62%
Career Allow Rate
257 granted / 411 resolved
-2.5% vs TC avg
Strong +18% interview lift
Without
With
+18.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 1m
Avg Prosecution
65 currently pending
Career history
476
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
1.9%
-38.1% vs TC avg
§103
63.6%
+23.6% vs TC avg
§102
18.7%
-21.3% vs TC avg
§112
13.5%
-26.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 411 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114 A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on 1/14/2026 has been entered. Response to Amendment The Amendment filed Jan. 14, 2026 has been entered. Claims 1-3, 5-9 remain pending in the application. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. The factual inquiries for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows: 1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art. 2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue. 3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art. 4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness. This application currently names joint inventors. In considering patentability of the claims the examiner presumes that the subject matter of the various claims was commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the claimed invention(s) absent any evidence to the contrary. Applicant is advised of the obligation under 37 CFR 1.56 to point out the inventor and effective filing dates of each claim that was not commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the later invention in order for the examiner to consider the applicability of 35 U.S.C. 102(b)(2)(C) for any potential 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) prior art against the later invention. Claims 1-3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a) (1) as being unpatentable over Forsthovel et al. (US 2009/0261513), further in view of Stainer (US 2009/0108505). Regarding claim 1, Forsthovel discloses that, as illustrated in Figs. 1, 3, 5, an apparatus for manufacturing containers comprising: a heating device (item 33, Fig. 1 ([0062], line 7)) for preforms of the containers, the heating effect of which is adjustable ([0054], lines 1-4; [0067]; [0099]), a forming device (items 34, 35, Fig. 1 ([0063])) having adjustable parameters which influence the forming process ([0055]), a measuring device which is designed to perform a transmission measurement for light that passes through the produced container (items 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Figs. 1, 3 ([0068]; [0069]; [0070], [0095] (e.g., the radiation detector devices 14, 16, 18)); it is noticed that, in [0095], specifically, an apparatus having the absorption examination unit (6) includes a radiation emitting device which irradiates light in an infrared wavelength range onto the plastic containers, and the absorption examination unit (6) includes a radiation detector device which detects light that has been irradiated onto and transmitted by the plastic containers (10)), a closed-loop control (e.g., as illustrated in Fig. 5, this control unit 59 may also be a closed loop control unit ([0074], lines 1-3)) that is designed to process the result of the transmission measurement and a target value of the transmission measurement (e.g., values which are characteristic of the infrared absorption degree are compared with values stored in memory ([0090], lines 1-3 from bottom); Here, the values stored in memory can be considered as the target values) and, based upon the result of the transmission measurement and the target value, to adjust the heating effect of the heating device ([0074]) and/or one or more adjustable parameters of the forming device. It is well settled that the intended use of a claimed apparatus is not germane to the issue of the patentability of the claimed structure. If the prior art structure is capable of performing the claimed use then it meets the claim. In re Casey, 152 USPQ 235, 238 (CCPA 1967); In re Otto, 136 USPQ 459 (CCPA 1963). The manner or method in which a machine is to be utilized is not germane to the issue of patentability of the machine itself, In re Casey 152 USPQ 235. Intended use has been continuously held not to be germane to determining the patentability of the apparatus, In re Finsterwalder, 168 USPQ 530. The emitters 11, 12, 13 and detectors 14, 16, 18 of Forsthovel are “designed to perform” a transmission measurement for light passing through any appropriate object (a preform, a finished container, etc.). In other words, the emitters 11, 12, 13 and detectors 14, 16, 18 are capable of performing the recited functionality and, therefore, meet the measuring device limitation. Forsthovel disclose the target value (e.g., characteristic values stored in a data base ([0044], line 1 from bottom)). For example, Forsthovel discloses that, the measurement device (i.e., by the infrared absorption spectrometer ([0025])) determines, e.g., on the basis of one preform per batch and/or shot, the infrared absorption and compares the infrared absorption with a stored database. However, Forsthovel does not explicitly disclose that, the target value is determined from a history measurement value stored in the controller. In the same field of endeavor, blow molding, Steiner discloses that, the describing data are preferably stored together with the measured parameters and the changed control parameters. In this way, it is possible to achieve a self-learning effect of the apparatus of the method. In this case it is possible to output, in addition to the control parameters, both the output values and also the target values of the control parameters ([0028], lines 1-7 from bottom). It is noticed that, in the teachings of Steiner, references 4, 5, and 6 denote various measuring devices which measure certain characteristic physical states of the containers, such as for example a base weight, a wall thickness of the container, a temperature of the preform or the like ([0038]). It would have been prima facie obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Forsthovel to incorporate the teachings of Steiner to provide that the target value is determined from a history measurement value stored in the controller. Doing so would be possible to adjust the control parameters of the apparatus as a function of the measured parameter, as recognized by Steiner ([0011]). Regarding claims 2, 3, Forsthovel discloses that, the three radiation emitting devices 11, 12, 13 may emit different wavelength ranges ([0069]). The radiation detector devices 14, 16, 18 are associated with the individual radiation emitting devices 11, 12, 13 ([0070], lines 5-8). Thus, Forsthovel is capable of providing the transmission measurement with light at two different wavelengths. As illustrated in Fig. 5, Forsthovel discloses that, the result of the transmission measurement for the light of the two different wavelengths can be made available individually to the closed-loop control. Regarding claims 5, 6, 7, Forsthovel discloses that, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the measuring device (e.g., one of items 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18) is provided to perform the transmission measurement on the container several times at different locations of the container at approximately the same height of the container or at different heights of the container (i.e., Fig. 4 is related to claim 5 and Fig. 3 is related to claim 6), and to average the results, add them, and to provide the measurement result obtained in this way for the closed loop control. For example, ss illustrated in Fig. 3, the measuring device is designed such that the light passes between the illumination (e.g., item 11) and a receiver (e.g., item 14) of the light through two walls of the container (related to claim 7). It is well settled that the intended use of a claimed apparatus is not germane to the issue of the patentability of the claimed structure. If the prior art structure is capable of performing the claimed use then it meets the claim. In re Casey, 152 USPQ 235, 238 (CCPA 1967); In re Otto, 136 USPQ 459 (CCPA 1963). The manner or method in which a machine is to be utilized is not germane to the issue of patentability of the machine itself, In re Casey 152 USPQ 235. Intended use has been continuously held not to be germane to determining the patentability of the apparatus, In re Finsterwalder, 168 USPQ 530. Regarding claim 8, Forsthovel disclose the target value (e.g., characteristic values stored in a data base ([0044], line 1 from bottom)). However, Forsthovel does not explicitly disclose that, the target value is determined from a history measurement value stored in the controller. In the same field of endeavor, blow molding, Steiner discloses that, the describing data are preferably stored together with the measured parameters and the changed control parameters. In this way, it is possible to achieve a self-learning effect of the apparatus of the method. In this case it is possible to output, in addition to the control parameters, both the output values and also the target values of the control parameters ([0028], lines 1-7 from bottom). It would have been prima facie obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to have modified Forsthovel to incorporate the teachings of Steiner to provide that the target value is determined from a history measurement value stored in the controller. Doing so would be possible to adjust the control parameters of the apparatus as a function of the measured parameter, as recognized by Steiner ([0011]). Regarding claim 9, Forsthovel discloses that, as illustrated in Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, several heating devices (as shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 5) are provided whose heating effect is adjustable and which can heat different regions along a longitudinal axis of the preform, and wherein the measuring device has several measuring sensors which, along the longitudinal axis of the container, at different locations, can carry out a transmission measurement for light that passes through the container, wherein the closed-loop control can regulate the heating effect of the several heating devices based upon the several measuring sensors ([0071]-[0078]). Response to Arguments Applicant's arguments filed 1/14/2026 have been fully considered. They are not persuasive. In response to applicant’s arguments (as amended) in claim 1 that Steiner discloses these target values for machine inputs, not target values for measured inputs, the mapping constitutes a category error (i.e., the target values of the control parameters), and Steiner does not teach determining target values from historical measurement, these are not found persuasive. The base reference Forsthovel disclose the target value (e.g., characteristic values stored in a data base ([0044], line 1 from bottom)). For example, Forsthovel discloses that, the measurement device (i.e., by the infrared absorption spectrometer ([0025])) determines, e.g., on the basis of one preform per batch and/or shot, the infrared absorption and compares the infrared absorption with a stored database. At least, Forsthovel needs to compare the target values with the measured data. It is noticed that, in the teachings of Steiner, references 4, 5, and 6 denote various measuring devices which measure certain characteristic physical states of the containers, such as for example a base weight, a wall thickness of the container, a temperature of the preform or the like ([0038]). It is clear that, the characteristic physical states of the containers, such as for example a base weight, a wall thickness of the container, a temperature of the preform or the like are the data which Steiner are concerned about. In [0028] of the teachings of Steiner, the output values are majorly about the measured parameters (i.e., for example, a base weight, a wall thickness of the container, a temperature of the preform or the like). The target values of the control parameters are extra ([0028], lines 1-3 from bottom). Specifically, Steiner discloses that, these describing data are preferably stored together with the measured parameters and the changed control parameters. In this way, it is possible to achieve a self-learning effect of the apparatus of the method ([0028], lines 10-13). It is well known in the art that, for the blow molding machine, the self-learning effect of the apparatus about the measured parameters (i.e., for example, a base weight, a wall thickness of the container, a temperature of the preform or the like) is a process to make the necessary change/adjustment based on the historical measured data. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to SHIBIN LIANG whose telephone number is (571)272-8811. The examiner can normally be reached on M-F 8:30 - 4:30. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Alison L Hindenlang can be reached on 571 270 7001. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /SHIBIN LIANG/Examiner, Art Unit 1741 /ALISON L HINDENLANG/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 1741
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Prosecution Timeline

Sep 05, 2023
Application Filed
Apr 25, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103
Jul 30, 2025
Response Filed
Oct 09, 2025
Final Rejection — §102, §103
Dec 15, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jan 14, 2026
Request for Continued Examination
Jan 16, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Feb 26, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
62%
Grant Probability
81%
With Interview (+18.5%)
3y 1m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 411 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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