Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 17, 2026
Application No. 18/463,454

Anti-CD28 Humanized Antibodies Formulated for Administration to Humans

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Sep 08, 2023
Examiner
DENT, ALANA HARRIS
Art Unit
1643
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
Ose Immunotherapeutics
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
44%
Grant Probability
Moderate
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 11m
To Grant
77%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 44% of resolved cases
44%
Career Allow Rate
324 granted / 730 resolved
-15.6% vs TC avg
Strong +33% interview lift
Without
With
+32.6%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 11m
Avg Prosecution
62 currently pending
Career history
792
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
11.0%
-29.0% vs TC avg
§103
29.7%
-10.3% vs TC avg
§102
23.1%
-16.9% vs TC avg
§112
27.4%
-12.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 730 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
Election/Restriction Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status 1. The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . 2. Claims 1-15 are pending. Claims 1-15 are examined on the merits. Claim Objections 3. Claims 5-8, 12, 13 and 15 are objected to under 37 CFR 1.75(c) as being in improper form because a multiple dependent claim cannot depend from any other multiple dependent claims. See MPEP § 608.01(n). Accordingly, the claims have not been further treated on the merits. 4. Claim 4 is objected to because of the following informality: line 3 of the claim cites “…0.5mg/kgto once…”. Applicant should amend so there is a space between the two terms, kg and to. Correction is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 5. In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. 6. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. 7. Claim(s) 1-4, 9-11 and 14 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Mary et al., WO 2011/101791 A1 (published 25 August 2011/ IDS reference, Foreign Patent Document #1 submitted September 8, 2023). Mary teaches an anti-CD28 antibody in monovalent form such as a Fab’ fragment, see page 1, lines 31-36; and paragraph bridging pages 3 and 4. Mary teaches “…recombinant antibodies comprising a CD28-binding site associate with one or more heterologous polypeptide(s).”, see page 4, lines 6 and 7. The recombinant Fab’ fragment contains a heavy chain that is sequence 4 and a light chain that is sequence 6, see page 4, lines 12-14. Mary’s sequence 4 is the same as Applicant’s SEQ ID NO: 1 and sequence 6 is the same as Applicant’s SEQ ID NO: 2, see sequence alignments on the following pages. The Fab antibody fragments “…can be conjugated with water soluble polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEGylation).”, see page 5, lines 14-18; and Example 7 beginning on page 15. The taught therapeutic composition comprises the said CD28 Fab’ antibody with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and “formulated at a dose of from 0.5 to 20 mg/Kg,”, see page 7, lines 1-6. These compositions are suitable for parenteral administration, as well as sub-cutaneous or intra-venous injection, see page 7, lines 3-6. Mary does not teach the dosing schedule of the anti-CD28 Fab’ antibody fragment is once per week, once every two weeks, once every three weeks, once every four weeks, once every five weeks to every eight weeks or more. Mary also does not teach the pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-CD28 Fab’ antibody fragment in an amount comprised between 3 and 120 mg. Mary also does not teach the taught anti-CD28 Fab’ is within a kit, wherein monthly doses of the antibody fragment are in an amount of 3 to 120 mg. Although the claims recite a specific treatment point, no positive recitation of the time restraint distinguishes the claims over the references. The claimed subject matter is considered obvious over the prior art, absent sufficient factual evidence to the contrary. It also would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at before the effective filing date of the claimed invention was made to administer the taught immunotherapeutic composition in recited time points established in Applicant's claims. One of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to do so with a reasonable expectation of success by teachings well known in the art, that the dosages of any therapeutic composition must be adjusted and optimized. "[W]here the general conditions of a claim are disclosed in the prior art, it is not inventive to discover the optimum or workable ranges by routine experimentation." In re Aller, 220 F.2d 454, 456, 105 USPQ 233, 235(CCPA 1955). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention was made to comprise the said reagents in a kit. One of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to make a kit because test kits including compounds are packaged for the advantages of convenience and economy for the ordinarily skilled artisan or the practitioner. Kits are conveniently made to reproducibly obtain results under test conditions and it is conventional to assemble necessary reagents including compounds, such as antibodies as therapeutic agents for blocking T cell activation through the CD28 receptor for the convenience of the practitioner and commercial expediency. RESULT 1 from 1.rag database. AZM49080 ID AZM49080 standard; protein; 231 AA. XX AC AZM49080; XX DT 13-OCT-2011 (first entry) XX DE Anti-CD28 antibody heavy chain region. XX KW CD28; T cell surface glycoprotein CD28; allergy; antiallergic; KW antibody therapy; antiinflammatory; autoimmune disease; KW chronic inflammation; graft versus host disease; heavy chain; KW humanized antibody; hypertension; hypotensive; immunosuppressive; mutein; KW therapeutic; transplant rejection; vascular disease. XX OS Homo sapiens. OS Mus sp. OS Chimeric. OS Synthetic. XX FH Key Location/Qualifiers FT Region 1..120 FT /label= Anti-CD28_variable_heavy_chain FT Misc-difference 11 FT /note= "Wild-type Val substituted by Lys" FT Misc-difference 18 FT /note= "Wild-type Arg substituted by Lys" FT Misc-difference 19 FT /note= "Wild-type Leu substituted by Val" FT Region 29..32 FT /label= Complementarity_determining_region_1 FT Region 47..63 FT /label= Complementarity_determining_region_2 FT Misc-difference 62 FT /note= "Wild-type Lys substituted by Gln" FT Misc-difference 87 FT /note= "Wild-type Ser substituted by Pro" FT Region 96..108 FT /label= Complementarity_determining_region_3 FT Region 121..211 FT /label= Human_CH1 XX CC PN WO2011101791-A1. XX CC PD 25-AUG-2011. XX CC PF 16-FEB-2011; 2011WO-IB050646. XX PR 18-FEB-2010; 2010EP-00290080. PR 13-JUL-2010; 2010EP-00290389. XX CC PA (TCLP-) TCL PHARMA. CC PA (INRM ) INSERM INST NAT SANTE&RECH MEDICALE. XX CC PI Mary C, Poirier N, Vanhove B; XX DR WPI; 2011-K92195/58. DR N-PSDB; AZM49065. XX CC PT New anti-CD28 antibody, useful for preparing therapeutic composition for CC PT treating a pathological condition selected from transplant rejection, CC PT chronic allograft vasculopathy, graft-versus-host disease, and CC PT hypertension. XX CC PS Claim 3; Page; 35pp; English. XX CC The present invention relates to a novel anti-CD28 antibody and its CC therapeutic uses. The invention also provides a therapeutic composition CC comprising the antibody. The antibody used in the invention is useful for CC treating a pathological condition selected from transplant rejection, CC chronic allograft vasculopathy, graft-versus-host disease, T-lymphocyte- CC mediated autoimmune diseases, hypertension, allergic phenomena and CC chronic inflammatory diseases. The present sequence is a specifically CC claimed anti-CD28 antibody heavy chain region which comprises an anti-CD8 CC humanized antibody VH region, and a human CH1 region (accession number: CC AAF03881) used in the invention. Note: The present sequence is not shown CC in the specification, but is a claimed fragment of an anti-CD28 antibody CC heavy chain given in the sequence listing (seeAZM49066). XX SQ Sequence 231 AA; Query Match 100.0%; Score 1221; Length 231; Best Local Similarity 100.0%; Matches 231; Conservative 0; Mismatches 0; Indels 0; Gaps 0; Qy 2 VQLQQSGAELKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTEYIIHWIKLRSGQGLEWIGWFYPGSNDIQYN 61 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 1 VQLQQSGAELKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTEYIIHWIKLRSGQGLEWIGWFYPGSNDIQYN 60 Qy 62 AQFKGKATLTADKSSSTVYMELTGLTPEDSAVYFCARRDDFSGYDALPYWGQGTLVTVSA 121 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 61 AQFKGKATLTADKSSSTVYMELTGLTPEDSAVYFCARRDDFSGYDALPYWGQGTLVTVSA 120 Qy 122 ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSS 181 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 121 ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSS 180 Qy 182 GLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCAA 232 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 181 GLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCAA 231 RESULT 4 from 1.rng database. AZM49066 ID AZM49066 standard; protein; 251 AA. XX AC AZM49066; XX DT 13-OCT-2011 (first entry) XX DE Anti-CD28 antibody heavy chain region, SEQ ID 4. XX KW CD28; T cell surface glycoprotein CD28; allergy; antiallergic; KW antibody therapy; antiinflammatory; autoimmune disease; KW chronic inflammation; graft versus host disease; heavy chain; KW humanized antibody; hypertension; hypotensive; immunosuppressive; mutein; KW therapeutic; transplant rejection; vascular disease. XX OS Homo sapiens. OS Mus sp. OS Chimeric. OS Synthetic. XX FH Key Location/Qualifiers FT Peptide 1..20 FT /label= Murine_CD28.3_antibody_variable_heavy_chain_signa FT l_peptide FT Region 21..140 FT /label= Anti-CD28_variable_heavy_chain FT Misc-difference 31 FT /note= "Wild-type Val substituted by Lys" FT Misc-difference 38 FT /note= "Wild-type Arg substituted by Lys" FT Misc-difference 39 FT /note= "Wild-type Leu substituted by Val" FT Region 49..52 FT /label= Complementarity_determining_region_1 FT Region 67..83 FT /label= Complementarity_determining_region_2 FT Misc-difference 82 FT /note= "Wild-type Lys substituted by Gln" FT Misc-difference 107 FT /note= "Wild-type Ser substituted by Pro" FT Region 116..128 FT /label= Complementarity_determining_region_3 FT Region 141..251 FT /label= Human_CH1 XX CC PN WO2011101791-A1. XX CC PD 25-AUG-2011. XX CC PF 16-FEB-2011; 2011WO-IB050646. XX PR 18-FEB-2010; 2010EP-00290080. PR 13-JUL-2010; 2010EP-00290389. XX CC PA (TCLP-) TCL PHARMA. CC PA (INRM ) INSERM INST NAT SANTE&RECH MEDICALE. XX CC PI Mary C, Poirier N, Vanhove B; XX DR WPI; 2011-K92195/58. DR N-PSDB; AZM49065. XX CC PT New anti-CD28 antibody, useful for preparing therapeutic composition for CC PT treating a pathological condition selected from transplant rejection, CC PT chronic allograft vasculopathy, graft-versus-host disease, and CC PT hypertension. XX CC PS Example 1; SEQ ID NO 4; 35pp; English. XX CC The present invention relates to a novel anti-CD28 antibody and its CC therapeutic uses. The invention also provides a therapeutic composition CC comprising the antibody. The antibody used in the invention is useful for CC treating a pathological condition selected from transplant rejection, CC chronic allograft vasculopathy, graft-versus-host disease, T-lymphocyte- CC mediated autoimmune diseases, hypertension, allergic phenomena and CC chronic inflammatory diseases. The present sequence is an anti-CD28 CC antibody heavy chain region which comprises an anti-CD8 humanized CC antibody VH region, a human CH1 region (accession number: AAF03881) and a CC native murine CD28.3 antibody heavy chain leader peptide used in an CC exemplification of the invention. Note: The present sequence is described CC as SEQ ID NO:4 in the sequence listing , but it differs from the sequence CC given as SEQ ID NO:4 in claim 5 (seeAZM49070). XX SQ Sequence 251 AA; Query Match 100.0%; Score 1221; Length 251; Best Local Similarity 100.0%; Matches 231; Conservative 0; Mismatches 0; Indels 0; Gaps 0; Qy 2 VQLQQSGAELKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTEYIIHWIKLRSGQGLEWIGWFYPGSNDIQYN 61 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 21 VQLQQSGAELKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTEYIIHWIKLRSGQGLEWIGWFYPGSNDIQYN 80 Qy 62 AQFKGKATLTADKSSSTVYMELTGLTPEDSAVYFCARRDDFSGYDALPYWGQGTLVTVSA 121 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 81 AQFKGKATLTADKSSSTVYMELTGLTPEDSAVYFCARRDDFSGYDALPYWGQGTLVTVSA 140 Qy 122 ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSS 181 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 141 ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSS 200 Qy 182 GLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCAA 232 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 201 GLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCAA 251 RESULT 1 from 2.rng database. AZM49081 (NOTE: this sequence has 1 duplicate in the database searched. See complete list at the end of this report) ID AZM49081 standard; protein; 214 AA. XX AC AZM49081; XX DT 13-OCT-2011 (first entry) XX DE Anti-CD28 antibody light chain region. XX KW CD28; T cell surface glycoprotein CD28; allergy; antiallergic; KW antibody therapy; antiinflammatory; autoimmune disease; KW chronic inflammation; graft versus host disease; humanized antibody; KW hypertension; hypotensive; immunosuppressive; light chain; mutein; KW therapeutic; transplant rejection; vascular disease. XX OS Mus sp. OS Homo sapiens. OS Chimeric. OS Synthetic. XX FH Key Location/Qualifiers FT Region 1..108 FT /label= Anti-CD28_variable_light_chain FT Misc-difference 9 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Misc-difference 13 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Misc-difference 17 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Misc-difference 18 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Misc-difference 24 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Region 32..39 FT /label= Complementarity_determining_region_1 FT Misc-difference 40 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Region 50..57 FT /label= Complementarity_determining_region_2 FT Misc-difference 74 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Misc-difference 76 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Misc-difference 80 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Region 90..96 FT /label= Complementarity_determining_region_3 FT Misc-difference 96 FT /label= Cys, Ala, Asn FT Region 109..194 FT /label= Human_c_kappa_region XX CC PN WO2011101791-A1. XX CC PD 25-AUG-2011. XX CC PF 16-FEB-2011; 2011WO-IB050646. XX PR 18-FEB-2010; 2010EP-00290080. PR 13-JUL-2010; 2010EP-00290389. XX CC PA (TCLP-) TCL PHARMA. CC PA (INRM ) INSERM INST NAT SANTE&RECH MEDICALE. XX CC PI Mary C, Poirier N, Vanhove B; XX DR WPI; 2011-K92195/58. DR N-PSDB; AZM49067. XX CC PT New anti-CD28 antibody, useful for preparing therapeutic composition for CC PT treating a pathological condition selected from transplant rejection, CC PT chronic allograft vasculopathy, graft-versus-host disease, and CC PT hypertension. XX CC PS Claim 3; Page; 35pp; English. XX CC The present invention relates to a novel anti-CD28 antibody and its CC therapeutic uses. The invention also provides a therapeutic composition CC comprising the antibody. The antibody used in the invention is useful for CC treating a pathological condition selected from transplant rejection, CC chronic allograft vasculopathy, graft-versus-host disease, T-lymphocyte- CC mediated autoimmune diseases, hypertension, allergic phenomena and CC chronic inflammatory diseases. The present sequence is a specifically CC claimed anti-CD28 antibody light chain region which comprises VL region CC of a humanized CD28 antibody, and a human c kappa region (accession CC number: BAC01725) used in the invention. Note: The present sequence is CC not shown in the specification, but is a claimed fragment of an anti-CD28 CC antibody light chain given in the sequence listing (seeAZM49068). XX SQ Sequence 214 AA; Query Match 99.9%; Score 1117; Length 214; Best Local Similarity 100.0%; Matches 214; Conservative 0; Mismatches 0; Indels 0; Gaps 0; Qy 1 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKTNENIYSNLAWYQQKDGKSPQLLIYAATHLVEGVPS 60 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 1 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKTNENIYSNLAWYQQKDGKSPQLLIYAATHLVEGVPS 60 Qy 61 RFSGSGSGTQYSLTISSLQPEDFGNYYCQHFWGTPXTFGGGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPP 120 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 61 RFSGSGSGTQYSLTISSLQPEDFGNYYCQHFWGTPXTFGGGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPP 120 Qy 121 SDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLT 180 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 121 SDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLT 180 Qy 181 LSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC 214 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 181 LSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC 214 RESULT 2 from 2.rag database. AZM49068 ID AZM49068 standard; protein; 234 AA. XX AC AZM49068; XX DT 13-OCT-2011 (first entry) XX DE Anti-CD28 antibody light chain region, SEQ ID 6. XX KW CD28; T cell surface glycoprotein CD28; allergy; antiallergic; KW antibody therapy; antiinflammatory; autoimmune disease; KW chronic inflammation; graft versus host disease; humanized antibody; KW hypertension; hypotensive; immunosuppressive; light chain; mutein; KW therapeutic; transplant rejection; vascular disease. XX OS Mus sp. OS Homo sapiens. OS Chimeric. OS Synthetic. XX FH Key Location/Qualifiers FT Peptide 1..20 FT /label= Murine_CD28.3_antibody_variable_light_chain_signa FT l_peptide FT Region 21..128 FT /label= Anti-CD28_variable_light_chain FT Misc-difference 29 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Misc-difference 33 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Misc-difference 37 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Misc-difference 38 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Misc-difference 44 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Region 52..59 FT /label= Complementarity_determining_region_1 FT Misc-difference 60 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Region 70..77 FT /label= Complementarity_determining_region_2 FT Misc-difference 94 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Misc-difference 96 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Misc-difference 100 FT /note= "Mutation occurred site" FT Region 110..116 FT /label= Complementarity_determining_region_3 FT Misc-difference 116 FT /label= Cys, Ala, Asn FT Region 129..234 FT /label= Human_c_kappa_region XX CC PN WO2011101791-A1. XX CC PD 25-AUG-2011. XX CC PF 16-FEB-2011; 2011WO-IB050646. XX PR 18-FEB-2010; 2010EP-00290080. PR 13-JUL-2010; 2010EP-00290389. XX CC PA (TCLP-) TCL PHARMA. CC PA (INRM ) INSERM INST NAT SANTE&RECH MEDICALE. XX CC PI Mary C, Poirier N, Vanhove B; XX DR WPI; 2011-K92195/58. DR N-PSDB; AZM49067. XX CC PT New anti-CD28 antibody, useful for preparing therapeutic composition for CC PT treating a pathological condition selected from transplant rejection, CC PT chronic allograft vasculopathy, graft-versus-host disease, and CC PT hypertension. XX CC PS Example 1; SEQ ID NO 6; 35pp; English. XX CC The present invention relates to a novel anti-CD28 antibody and its CC therapeutic uses. The invention also provides a therapeutic composition CC comprising the antibody. The antibody used in the invention is useful for CC treating a pathological condition selected from transplant rejection, CC chronic allograft vasculopathy, graft-versus-host disease, T-lymphocyte- CC mediated autoimmune diseases, hypertension, allergic phenomena and CC chronic inflammatory diseases. The present sequence is an an anti-CD28 CC antibody heavy chain region which comprises an anti-CD8 humanized CC antibody VH region, a human CH1 region (accession number: AAF03881) CC (accession number: BAC01725) and a native murine CD28.3 antibody light CC chain leader peptide used in an exemplification of the invention. XX SQ Sequence 234 AA; Query Match 99.9%; Score 1117; Length 234; Best Local Similarity 100.0%; Matches 214; Conservative 0; Mismatches 0; Indels 0; Gaps 0; Qy 1 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKTNENIYSNLAWYQQKDGKSPQLLIYAATHLVEGVPS 60 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 21 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKTNENIYSNLAWYQQKDGKSPQLLIYAATHLVEGVPS 80 Qy 61 RFSGSGSGTQYSLTISSLQPEDFGNYYCQHFWGTPXTFGGGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPP 120 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 81 RFSGSGSGTQYSLTISSLQPEDFGNYYCQHFWGTPXTFGGGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPP 140 Qy 121 SDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLT 180 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 141 SDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLT 200 Qy 181 LSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC 214 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 201 LSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC 234 8. Claim(s) 1-4, 9-11 and 14 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Mary et al., US 8,785,604 B2 (published July 22, 2014/ IDS reference, U.S.Patents Document #1 submitted September 8, 2023). Mary teaches an anti-CD28 antibody in monovalent form such as a Fab fragment, see page 1, lines 31-36; and paragraph bridging pages 3 and 4. Mary teaches “…recombinant antibodies comprising a CD28-binding site associate with one or more heterologous polypeptide(s).”, see page 4, lines 6 and 7. The recombinant Fab fragment contains a heavy chain with a sequence of sequence 4 and a light chain with a sequence of sequence 6, see page 4, lines 12-14. Mary’s sequence 4 is the same as Applicant’s SEQ ID NO: 1 and sequence 6 is the same as Applicant’s SEQ ID NO: 2, see sequence alignments on the following pages. The Fab antibody fragments “…can be conjugated with water soluble polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEGylation).”, see page 5, lines 14-18; and Example 7 beginning on page 15. The disclosed therapeutic composition comprises the said CD28 Fab antibody with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and “formulated at a dose of from 0.5 to 20 mg/Kg,”, see page 7, lines 1-6. Mary does not teach the dosing schedule of the anti-CD28 Fab’ antibody fragment is once per week, once every two weeks, once every three weeks, once every four weeks, once every five weeks to every eight weeks or more. Mary also does not teach the pharmaceutical composition comprising the anti-CD28 Fab’ antibody fragment in an amount comprised between 3 and 120 mg. Mary also does not teach the taught anti-CD28 Fab’ is within a kit, wherein monthly doses of the antibody fragment are in an amount of 3 to 120 mg. Although the claims recite a specific treatment point, no positive recitation of the time restraint distinguishes the claims over the references. The claimed subject matter is considered obvious over the prior art, absent sufficient factual evidence to the contrary. It also would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at before the effective filing date of the claimed invention was made to administer the taught immunotherapeutic composition in recited time points established in Applicant's claims. One of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to do so with a reasonable expectation of success by teachings well known in the art, that the dosages of any therapeutic composition must be adjusted and optimized. "[W]here the general conditions of a claim are disclosed in the prior art, it is not inventive to discover the optimum or workable ranges by routine experimentation." In re Aller, 220 F.2d 454, 456, 105 USPQ 233, 235(CCPA 1955). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention was made to comprise the said reagents in a kit. One of ordinary skill in the art would have been motivated to make a kit because test kits including compounds are packaged for the advantages of convenience and economy for the ordinarily skilled artisan or the practitioner. Kits are conveniently made to reproducibly obtain results under test conditions and it is conventional to assemble necessary reagents including compounds, such as antibodies as therapeutic agents for blocking T cell activation through the CD28 receptor for the convenience of the practitioner and commercial expediency. RESULT 1 from 1.rai database. US-13-577-103A-4 (NOTE: this sequence has 2 duplicates in the database searched. See complete list at the end of this report) Sequence 4, US/13577103A Patent No. 8785604 GENERAL INFORMATION APPLICANT: TcL PHARMA APPLICANT: INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE APPLICANT: (INSERM) APPLICANT: MARY, Caroline APPLICANT: POIRIER, Nicolas APPLICANT: VANHOVE, Bernard TITLE OF INVENTION: ANTI-CD28 HUMANIZED ANTIBODIES FILE REFERENCE: MJP/ll - F2173/3 WO CURRENT APPLICATION NUMBER: US/13/577,103A CURRENT FILING DATE: 2012-09-27 PRIOR APPLICATION NUMBER: EP 10290080.0 PRIOR FILING DATE: 2010-02-18 NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 31 SEQ ID NO 4 LENGTH: 251 TYPE: PRT ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence FEATURE: OTHER INFORMATION: Signal-VH-hCH1 Query Match 100.0%; Score 1221; Length 251; Best Local Similarity 100.0%; Matches 231; Conservative 0; Mismatches 0; Indels 0; Gaps 0; Qy 2 VQLQQSGAELKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTEYIIHWIKLRSGQGLEWIGWFYPGSNDIQYN 61 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 21 VQLQQSGAELKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTEYIIHWIKLRSGQGLEWIGWFYPGSNDIQYN 80 Qy 62 AQFKGKATLTADKSSSTVYMELTGLTPEDSAVYFCARRDDFSGYDALPYWGQGTLVTVSA 121 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 81 AQFKGKATLTADKSSSTVYMELTGLTPEDSAVYFCARRDDFSGYDALPYWGQGTLVTVSA 140 Qy 122 ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSS 181 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 141 ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSS 200 Qy 182 GLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCAA 232 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 201 GLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCAA 251 RESULT 1 from 2.rai database. US-13-577-103A-6 (NOTE: this sequence has 2 duplicates in the database searched. See complete list at the end of this report) Sequence 6, US/13577103A Patent No. 8785604 GENERAL INFORMATION APPLICANT: TcL PHARMA APPLICANT: INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE APPLICANT: (INSERM) APPLICANT: MARY, Caroline APPLICANT: POIRIER, Nicolas APPLICANT: VANHOVE, Bernard TITLE OF INVENTION: ANTI-CD28 HUMANIZED ANTIBODIES FILE REFERENCE: MJP/ll - F2173/3 WO CURRENT APPLICATION NUMBER: US/13/577,103A CURRENT FILING DATE: 2012-09-27 PRIOR APPLICATION NUMBER: EP 10290080.0 PRIOR FILING DATE: 2010-02-18 NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 31 SEQ ID NO 6 LENGTH: 234 TYPE: PRT ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence FEATURE: OTHER INFORMATION: Signal-VL-hCkappa FEATURE: NAME/KEY: MISC_FEATURE LOCATION: (116)..(116) OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa = Cys or Ala Query Match 99.9%; Score 1117; Length 234; Best Local Similarity 100.0%; Matches 214; Conservative 0; Mismatches 0; Indels 0; Gaps 0; Qy 1 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKTNENIYSNLAWYQQKDGKSPQLLIYAATHLVEGVPS 60 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 21 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKTNENIYSNLAWYQQKDGKSPQLLIYAATHLVEGVPS 80 Qy 61 RFSGSGSGTQYSLTISSLQPEDFGNYYCQHFWGTPXTFGGGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPP 120 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 81 RFSGSGSGTQYSLTISSLQPEDFGNYYCQHFWGTPXTFGGGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPP 140 Qy 121 SDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLT 180 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 141 SDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLT 200 Qy 181 LSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC 214 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 201 LSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC 234 Conclusion 9. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the Examiner should be directed to ALANA HARRIS DENT whose telephone number is (571)272-0831. The Examiner works a flexible schedule, however she can generally be reached on 8AM-8PM, Monday through Friday and occasionally Saturday evening. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the Examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the Examiner’s supervisor, Julie Wu can be reached on 571-272-5205. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. ALANA HARRIS DENT Primary Examiner Art Unit 1643 14 February 2025 /Alana Harris Dent/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1643
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Prosecution Timeline

Sep 08, 2023
Application Filed
Apr 23, 2024
Response after Non-Final Action
Feb 22, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Sep 23, 2025
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Sep 23, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Sep 29, 2025
Examiner Interview Summary

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
44%
Grant Probability
77%
With Interview (+32.6%)
3y 11m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 730 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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