Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/483,483

DIRECT INJECTION SPRAYING ASSEMBLY COMPRISING DIRECT A DOSING INTERFACE

Final Rejection §103
Filed
Oct 09, 2023
Examiner
GREENLUND, JOSEPH A
Art Unit
3752
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Exel Industries
OA Round
2 (Final)
67%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
2y 10m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 67% — above average
67%
Career Allow Rate
418 granted / 623 resolved
-2.9% vs TC avg
Strong +35% interview lift
Without
With
+34.9%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 10m
Avg Prosecution
56 currently pending
Career history
679
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.2%
-39.8% vs TC avg
§103
46.6%
+6.6% vs TC avg
§102
25.1%
-14.9% vs TC avg
§112
23.9%
-16.1% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 623 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Status of Claims Currently claims 1-13 and 15 are pending, claim 14 is cancelled, claims 1, 8-10, and 12-13 are amended. Drawings The drawings were received on 11/03/2025. These drawings are unacceptable as they include new matter. The included elements of 5, 41, and 42 and conduits going to the system are new in figure 1a. Figures 2a. Figures 1b, 2b, 3, and 4 are all new matter as they show orientations and elements not shown previous are explained in the specification. For example, figure 1a, the specification does not include that 22 comes from the bottom of 42, or that 42 is a box, same with 41 that 21 extends from its bottom and is a box. Please see the previous Drawings objection from the non-final mailed on 8-8-2025, as it appears that the inclusion of all those elements into the drawings resulted in submitted drawings with new matter. Specification The amendment filed 11/03/2025 is objected to under 35 U.S.C. 132(a) because it introduces new matter into the disclosure. 35 U.S.C. 132(a) states that no amendment shall introduce new matter into the disclosure of the invention. The added material which is not supported by the original disclosure is as follows: Paragraphs 0032, 0034-0036, and 0062-0063. As the inclusion of new drawings not originally filed that coincide with new paragraphs for those drawings is all new matter. Applicant is required to cancel the new matter in the reply to this Office Action. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. This application currently names joint inventors. In considering patentability of the claims the examiner presumes that the subject matter of the various claims was commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the claimed invention(s) absent any evidence to the contrary. Applicant is advised of the obligation under 37 CFR 1.56 to point out the inventor and effective filing dates of each claim that was not commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the later invention in order for the examiner to consider the applicability of 35 U.S.C. 102(b)(2)(C) for any potential 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) prior art against the later invention. Claim(s) 1-2, 5-13, and 15 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Ballu (U.S. 2013/0233940) in view of Balducchi (U.S. 2020/0307986). With respect to claim 1, Ballu discloses a spraying assembly comprising a first tank (figure 1, #5) configured to contain a carrier liquid, and a second tank (one of 25) configured to contain an active substance (material within 25, paragraph 0070), at least one spray nozzle (1), at least one injection device (21), a first hydraulic circuit to convey carrier liquid from the first tank to the spray nozzle (line 78 to 7 to 1), under a carrier liquid circulation pressure (pressure from 13), the first hydraulic circuit comprising, upstream of the spray nozzle, an injection section (section of 3 where 21 injects the active substance into the fluid from 5), a second hydraulic circuit for conveying the active substance from the second tank to the injection device (lines 27 to 23), under an injection pressure greater (from pump 33) than the carrier liquid circulation pressure (paragraph 0063), the active substance injection device being connected to the injection section of the first hydraulic circuit (as seen in figure 1) and being configured to inject the active substance into a carrier liquid stream (stream flowing through 7 and 3) circulating in the first hydraulic circuit (as it circulates from 5 to 1), the injection device comprising, at the end of the second hydraulic circuit opposite to the second tank, a direct dosing interface comprising a plurality of through-holes leading into the injection section of the first hydraulic circuit (through holes of 22a-22d), and the injection device comprising at least one actuator corresponding to the plurality of through-holes (being the actuators of 21, paragraphs 0054, 0057, and 0084) configured to open or close the plurality of through-holes (open and close 26a-26d), so as to allow a determined dosing of the active substance through at least one open through-hole of the plurality of through-holes of the direct dosing interface to be injected into the carrier liquid flow (paragraphs 0100-0101), in such a way as to form a mixture comprised of carrier liquid and proportioned the active substance to be sprayed through the at least one spray nozzle, for the purpose of crop treatment (paragraphs 0100 and 0035). Ballu fails to disclose not all the holes of the plurality of through-holes have the same diameter. Balducchi, paragraph 0031, discloses the use of adjustable orifices with different sizes for injecting fluid in, such that changing the orifice size would change the amount of fluid injected. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to utilize and adjustable orifice size as disclosed by Balducchi into the system of Ballu, allowing their through-holes to then have different sizes (diameters) and allowing for a desired amount of fluid flow based on the injectors orifices size. With respect to claim 2, Ballu discloses the at least one actuator is a piezoelectric actuator (paragraphs 0054 and 0057). With respect to claim 5, Ballu discloses the at least one actuator is a solenoid valve (being an electromagnetic valve, paragraph 0019). With respect to claim 6, Ballu discloses the at least one actuator is controlled in opening and closing by a pulse width modulation generator (being the known device that utilizes electrical pulses in the ejector to control the liquid to be sprayed). With respect to claim 7, Ballu discloses the injection pressure is at least one bar higher than the carrier liquid circulation pressure (paragraph 0063). With respect to claim 8, Ballu discloses a plurality of through-holes, and discloses them having a diameter, but fails to disclose the different diameters of the holes being especially between 50 µm and 300 µm. Balducchi, paragraph 0031, discloses the use of adjustable orifices with different sizes for injecting fluid in, such that changing the orifice size would change the amount of fluid injected. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to utilize and adjustable orifice size as disclosed by Balducchi into the system of Ballu, allowing their through-holes to then have different sizes (diameters) and allowing for a desired amount of fluid flow based on the injectors orifices size. Furthermore, it would have been obvious to have the holes be between 50 and 300 microns, since it has been held that where the general conditions of a claim are disclosed in the prior art, discovering the optimum or workable ranges involves only routine skill in the art. By utilizing orifice sizes of 50 to 300 microns, a corresponding amount of fluid flow is allowed to be injected during an injection event. With respect to claim 9, Ballu discloses a set of actuators corresponding to the holes of the plurality of through-holes (as seen in figure 1), the spraying assembly further comprising a calculation unit for determining (paragraph 0097), from a dosing setpoint, the amount of the active substance to be injected into the carrier liquid stream and for controlling opening and closing of the corresponding number of holes of the direct dosing interface (paragraph 0097). With respect to claim 10, Ballu discloses the calculation unit determines a frequency of opening and closing for each hole of a set of holes among the holes of the direct dosing interface (paragraph 0066-0067), based on a carrier liquid flow rate in the first hydraulic circuit (paragraphs 0078 and 0108-0110). With respect to claim 11, Ballu discloses the active substance circulates along an injection direction (from the vats to the injectors) and the carrier liquid flows along a direction of circulation when injecting the active substance into the carrier liquid (along the direction of 3), the injection direction of the active substance being substantially parallel to the direction of circulation of the carrier liquid, or forming with it an angle between 0° and 90° (showing 90 degrees, it could also be taken as the fluid flows through 7 itself as the carrier liquid prior to injection, which is parallel itself to the direction of the injectors as well). With respect to claim 12, Ballu discloses the at least one spray nozzle comprises a nozzle head (nozzles head 1) forming a chamber directly upstream of an outlet of the spray nozzle (the chamber of 3), and the injection section forms a circular portion housed in the chamber (as the noted holes of the injection section are circular themselves, being closed off by needles paragraph 0019), and the spraying assembly comprises a plurality of holes (26a-26d), but fails to disclose the plurality of holes are distributed in a star shape on the injection section so as to inject the active substance into the nozzle head. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to utilize a start shaped pattern of the holes on the injection site, since it has been held that rearranging parts of an invention involves only routine skill in the art. MPEP 2144.04(VI-C). Please note in the instant application, applicant has not disclosed any criticality for the claimed limitations. With respect 13, Ballu discloses a plurality of spray nozzles including the spraying nozzle (paragraph 0058) and one or more dosing interfaces dedicated to a spray nozzle or a plurality of spray nozzles (figure 1). With respect to claim 15, Ballu discloses at least two active substance second tanks (figure 25a-25d) respectively connected to corresponding second hydraulic circuits each having a direct dosing interface with the first hydraulic circuit (as seen in figure 1 where the various 251-25d are connected to their respective injectors with 27a-27d and 23a-23d)). Claim(s) 3-4 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Ballu in view of Wichmann (U.S. 2008/0078843). With respect to claims 3 and 4, Ballu discloses a compressed air circuit (from compress S to line 400 to the injectors), but fails to disclose specifically the at least one actuator is a pneumatic actuator and the spraying assembly comprises a compressed air circuit to enable the at least one pneumatic actuator to be actuated, such that the at least one actuator is a piezoelectrically actuated pneumatic actuator. Wichmann discloses, paragraphs 0016-0017 utilizing existing pneumatic systems for activating the dosing in a spraying device. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to utilize pneumatic actuated dosing systems as disclosed by Wichmann into the system of Ballu, utilizing the existing compressed air in the system with the piezoelectric actuation of the injector would allow for a simpler system utilizing the pneumatic air to both actuated and be injected into fluid as desired by Ballu (paragraph 0036) Response to Arguments/Amendments The Amendment filed (11/03/2025) has been entered. Currently claims (1-13 and 15). Applicants’ amendments to the claims have failed to overcome each and every rejection previously set forth in the Office Action dated (08/08/2025). Applicant's arguments filed 11/03/2025 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. Applicant argues that. Applicant argues that Ballu does not disclose a direct dosing interface comprising a plurality of through holes. Examiner disagrees, as Ballu discloses the noted plurality of through holes through their plurality of injectors. Applicant argues a one to one for the claimed limitations, but the claims are not as narrow as applicant argues. The claims require that a direct dosing interface comprising a plurality of through holes leading into the injection section of the first hydraulic circuit (as shown where each injector injectors fluid into that first hydraulic circuit). The direct dosing interface can be that of all the injectors together, such that all the injectors as a group have a plualrity of through holes having noted diameters. Where there is noted at least one actuator (there being multiple actuators) that then open/close the through holes to allow a determined dosing of the active substance through at least one open through hole (such that the active substance from the second tank can then go to the one open hole in its corresponding injector). The noted “at least one actuator” is argued not corresponding to a plurality of through holes, the examiner notes “at least one actuator” can be read as multiple actuators, where there is an actuator for each hole. The claims do not specifically show that each multiple holes have the active substance flowing through, but rather at least one through-hole of the plurality through holes, which would correspond to the hole for the second tanks fluid to go through when its open, and being actuated by the “at least one actuator” (group of actuators) which open that injector hole, being one injector of the group of injectors that make up the injection device. Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to JOSEPH A GREENLUND whose telephone number is (571)272-0397. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 9am-5pm EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Arthur Hall can be reached at 571-270-1814. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /JOSEPH A GREENLUND/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3752
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Prosecution Timeline

Oct 09, 2023
Application Filed
Aug 06, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Nov 03, 2025
Response Filed
Feb 18, 2026
Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
67%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+34.9%)
2y 10m
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 623 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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