Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/490,984

THREE-WAY HEAT EXCHANGE MODULE WITH CONTROLLED CLAMPING OF PANEL ASSEMBLIES

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Oct 20, 2023
Examiner
LANE, DEVON
Art Unit
3763
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Copeland LP
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
55%
Grant Probability
Moderate
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 2m
To Grant
70%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 55% of resolved cases
55%
Career Allow Rate
422 granted / 765 resolved
-14.8% vs TC avg
Moderate +15% lift
Without
With
+14.8%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 2m
Avg Prosecution
46 currently pending
Career history
811
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.3%
-39.7% vs TC avg
§103
50.7%
+10.7% vs TC avg
§102
20.5%
-19.5% vs TC avg
§112
27.0%
-13.0% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 765 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Allowable Subject Matter Claim 8 is objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. The following is a statement of reasons for the indication of allowable subject matter: The prior art does not appear to teach or fairly suggest the combination of tie rod assemblies having their retainers and resilient members interior to the end plates and other assemblies exterior to the end plates simultaneously, as required by claim 8. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1, 4-7, and 10-17 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Allen (US 11,022,330) view of Schroeter (US 2013/0022848). Regarding claim 1, Allen teaches a three-way heat exchanger operable to transfer heat between a heat transfer fluid, liquid desiccant, and air comprising: panel assemblies arranged in series (see Fig. 5b), airflow gaps (460) defined between adjacent assemblies to allow air to flow through the exchanger, each assembly comprising a frame (402) defining a heat transfer fluid channel (404); and a vapor permeable membrane (408) positioned on the frame to define a desiccant channel separated from the heat transfer fluid channel; and clamping assemblies (bolts through 452) for exerting a clamping force on the panel assemblies comprising: a tie-rod (bolts) extending through the frames of the panel assemblies (at 452) and including opposite ends; and retainers (nuts and the heads of the bolts) connected to the opposite ends of the tie rod. Allen does not discuss the details of the tie rods or illustrated washers, nuts, etc. nor resilient elements. Schroeter teaches that it is old and well-known to provide tie rods with resilient elements (9) at their ends in order to accommodate size changes due to thermal expansion during use. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill to provide such resilient elements to the device of Allen in order to reduce cycling stresses on the device. Regarding claim 4, Schroeter teaches that the resilient member is a spring (9). Regarding claims 5-6, the applicant has provided ranges of operation which are merely stated in the disclosure without any criticality provided. As such, it would be within the ordinary skill in the art to select operating ranges and spring forces for the resilient members (which details have been left to one of ordinary skill in the prior art) sufficient for any required application, including the recited ranges as they have no criticality. Regarding claim 7, Schroeter further teaches the use of countersunk washers (15) to maintain alignment of the resilient members (9; see Fig. 3). Regarding claim 15, Allen teaches a three-way heat exchanger operable to transfer heat between a heat transfer fluid, liquid desiccant, and air comprising: panel assemblies arranged in series (see Fig. 5b), airflow gaps (460) defined between adjacent assemblies to allow air to flow through the exchanger, each assembly comprising a frame (402) defining a heat transfer fluid channel (404); and a vapor permeable membrane (408) positioned ont eh frame to define a desiccant channel separated fromt eh heat transfer fluid channel; and clamping assemblies (bolts through 452) for exerting a clamping force onteh pane assemblies comprising: a tie-rod (bolts) extending throughthe frames of the panel assemblies (at 452) and including opposite ends; and retainers (nuts and the heads of the bolts) connected to the opposite ends of the tie rod; Allen further teaches that the frame defines heat transfer fluid inlet and outlet ports (420, 422) defining heat transfer fluid manifolds (see Fig. 5a); the frame defines desiccant inlet and outlet ports (424, 426) which define desiccant inlet and outlet manifolds (see Fig. 5a) and that the rods of the clamping assemblies are adjacent all the fluid inlet and outlet manifolds (see fig. 5a location of tie rod accommodating holes 452). Allen does not discuss the details of the tie rods or illustrated washers, nuts, etc. nor resilient elements. Schroeter teaches that it is old and well-known to provide tie rods with resilient elements (9) at their ends in order to accommodate size changes due to thermal expansion during use. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill to provide such resilient elements to the device of Allen in order to reduce cycling stresses on the device. Allen further teaches that: elastomeric seals (450) are positioned between all the inlet and between the outlet ports (see Fig. 5a) to seal the manifolds, per claim 11; and the seals are radial seals (see Fig. 5a), per claim 14. Regarding claims 12-13, Schroeter teaches that the resilient members are springs (9) which accommodate thermal expansion (i.e. size variations) and thus maintain the seals in the combination. Regarding claim 16, Allen further teaches that elastomeric seals (450) are positioned between all the inlet and between the outlet ports (see Fig. 5a) to seal the manifolds. Schroeter teaches that the resilient members are springs (9) which accommodate thermal expansion (i.e. size variations) and thus maintain the seals in the combination. Regarding claim 17, Allen further teaches that the four manifolds are formed at respective corners of the frame (see Fig. 5a). Claim(s) 2-3 and 18-20 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Allen in view of Schroeter, and Zaiter (US 5,580,454). Regarding claims 2-3, Allen, as modified, does not specify hexagonal holes and rods. Zaiter teaches that it is known to form tie rods (14) as hexagonal rods (see Fig. 1) which mate with hexagonal holes (32; Fig. 2) in order to prevent misalignment of the stacked devices joined by the rods (see abstract). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill to provide the device of Allen, as modified, with hexagonal rods and alignment holes, as taught by Zaiter, to ensure precise alignment of the stacked panels and to resist torque forces that might misalign them, as taught by Zaiter. Regarding claims 18-20, Allen teaches a heat exchanger comprising panel assemblies (see Fig. 5b) arranged in succession, airflow gaps (460) between adjacent panel assemblies to allo air to flow throught he heat exchanger, each assembly comprising a frame (402) defining a heat transfer fluid channel (404), a first alignment hole (452) and a second alignment hole on opposite sides of the heat transfer fluid channel (e.g. the holes 452 around different manifolds; see Fig. 5a); and clamping assemblies (bolts through 452) for exerting a clamping force onteh pane assemblies comprising: a tie-rod (bolts) extending through the frames of the panel assemblies (at 452) and including opposite ends; and retainers (nuts and the heads of the bolts) connected to the opposite ends of the tie rod; first and second tie rods extend through first and second alignment holes at opposite sides of the device (as specified above). Allen does not discuss the details of the tie rods or illustrated washers, nuts, etc. nor resilient elements. Schroeter teaches that it is old and well-known to provide tie rods with resilient elements (9) at their ends in order to accommodate size changes due to thermal expansion during use. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill to provide such resilient elements to the device of Allen in order to reduce cycling stresses on the device. Allen, as modified, does not specify hexagonal holes and rods. Zaiter teaches that it is known to form tie rods (14) as hexagonal rods (see Fig. 1) which mate with hexagonal holes (32; Fig. 2) in order to prevent misalignment of the stacked devices joined by the rods (see abstract). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill to provide the device of Allen, as modified, with hexagonal rods and alignment holes, as taught by Zaiter, to ensure precise alignment of the stacked panels and to resist torque forces that might misalign them, as taught by Zaiter. Claim(s) 9 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Allen in view of Schroeter, and Beddome (US 6,892,797). Regarding claim 9, Hamlin as modified, does not teach that the retainers and resilient elements are both located exterior to the end plates. Beddome teaches that it is old and well-known to choose assemblies with either the resilient elements located interior to the end plates (e.g. Fig. 4) or with both resilient elements and retainers located exterior to the end plates (Fig. 7a). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill to locate the resilient elements and retainers exterior to the end plates in Allen, as modified, as Beddome establishes this as a known matter of design choice. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Devon Lane whose telephone number is (571)270-1858. The examiner can normally be reached M-Th, 9-4. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Jerry-Daryl Fletcher can be reached at 571.270.5054. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /DEVON LANE/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3763
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Prosecution Timeline

Oct 20, 2023
Application Filed
Mar 06, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

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VERTICAL VAPOR GENERATOR
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Patent 12553670
A COOLING ASSEMBLY
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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
55%
Grant Probability
70%
With Interview (+14.8%)
3y 2m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 765 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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