Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/491,516

ADVANCED CONTROL AND RELATED METHODS FOR A LOW CARBON AMMONIA FACILITY

Non-Final OA §102
Filed
Oct 20, 2023
Examiner
BROWN, MICHAEL J
Art Unit
2115
Tech Center
2100 — Computer Architecture & Software
Assignee
Kellogg Brown & Root LLC
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
88%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 10m
To Grant
97%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 88% — above average
88%
Career Allow Rate
905 granted / 1029 resolved
+32.9% vs TC avg
Moderate +9% lift
Without
With
+8.8%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 10m
Avg Prosecution
24 currently pending
Career history
1053
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
10.3%
-29.7% vs TC avg
§103
43.0%
+3.0% vs TC avg
§102
25.9%
-14.1% vs TC avg
§112
7.1%
-32.9% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1029 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statements (IDS) submitted on 7/17/2024 and 9/16/2025 were filed. The submission is in compliance with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97. Accordingly, the information disclosure statement is being considered by the examiner. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1-20 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Mehta et al. [Mehta] (US Patent No. 11,626,730). As to claim 1 Mehta discloses a method for producing ammonia (Ammonia; see column 11, line 3) using a low carbon energy source (renewable energy sources such as wind 24 and/or solar 26, see Fig. 1), the ammonia being produced by a facility (Ammonia synthesis plant 18, see Fig. 1) having an ammonia synthesis loop (Ammonia Loop; see column 10, line 67), the method comprising: supplying energy to the facility, wherein at least a portion of the supplied energy is from a low carbon energy source (renewable energy sources such as wind 24 and/or solar 26, see Fig. 1) (see column 8, lines 11-17); receiving a forecasted energy profile (usage and power generation data; see column 12, lines 26-27) for the low carbon energy source over a time period (see column 12, lines 26-35); predicting, using an advanced regulatory controller (ARC) (real-time optimization module (RTOM) 156, see Fig. 2/power prediction module (PPM) 152, see Fig. 2), operating conditions of the facility based on the forecasted energy profile for the low carbon energy source (see column 12, lines 42-64); generating, by the ARC, one or more set points (setpoint operation parameters; see column 12, lines 45-46) to control the facility (see column 12, lines 42-48); generating a hydrogen feed to the ammonia synthesis loop using at least one of: (i) a primary hydrogen feed generated by a hydrogen plant (hydrogen production plant 12, see Fig. 1) energized by the low carbon energy source (see column 17, lines 42-49 and column 18, lines 51-54), and (ii) a supplemental hydrogen feed (hydrogen storage unit 14, see Fig. 1); controlling the generating of the hydrogen feed using the ARC (see column 17, lines 42-49 and column 18, lines 51-54); and producing ammonia by feeding the generated hydrogen feed to the ammonia synthesis loop in accordance with the one or more set points generated by the ARC (see column 17, lines 42-64 and column 18, lines 45-67). As to claim 2 Mehta discloses the method of claim 1, wherein generating the hydrogen feed comprises using the supplemental hydrogen feed provided from: (i) a hydrogen storage unit energized by the low carbon energy source, (ii) a secondary hydrogen source, or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii) (see column 8, lines 11-21). As to claim 3 Mehta discloses the method of claim 1, wherein the one or more set points for the facility are generated using facility-specific information and non-facility-specific information, the non-facility-specific information comprising the forecasted energy profile of the low carbon energy source (see column 12, lines 51-64). As to claim 4 Mehta discloses the method of claim 3, wherein the non-facility-specific information further comprises availability of energy from a secondary energy source, and further comprising transferring energy between the facility and the secondary energy source (see column 8, lines 11-21 and column 12, lines 51-64). As to claim 5 Mehta discloses the method of claim 4, wherein the transferring comprises one of: (i) exporting energy from the low carbon energy source to the secondary energy source, and (ii) importing energy from the secondary energy source to the facility (see column 8, lines 11-21 and column 12, lines 51-64). As to claim 6 Mehta discloses the method of claim 1, wherein the forecasted energy profile for the low carbon energy source is received continuously or periodically (see column 8, lines 11-21). As to claim 7 Mehta discloses the method of claim 6, wherein one or more set points are generated by the ARC each time an update to the energy profile for the low carbon energy source is received (see column 17, lines 5-22). As to claim 8 Mehta discloses the method of claim 1, further comprising determining if the predicted operating conditions of the facility are outside operating limits of one or more sections or equipment of the facility (see column 12, lines 36-64). As to claim 9 Mehta discloses the method of claim 8, wherein generating the one or more set points for the facility further comprises: determining that the predicted operating conditions of the facility are outside the operating limits of one or more sections or equipment of the facility (see column 12, lines 36-64); determining, in response to the determination that the predicted operating conditions are outside the operating limits, a maximum hydrogen rate that may be consumed by the ammonia synthesis loop without violating any of the operating limits of any equipment and/or process in the facility (see column 23, lines 50-67); and generating the one or more set points for the facility based on the determined maximum hydrogen rate and on the operating limits of one or more sections or equipment of the facility (see column 12, lines 42-48 and column 23, lines 50-67). As to claim 10 Mehta discloses a control system (control system 100, see Fig. 1) for producing ammonia (Ammonia; see column 11, line 3) using a low carbon energy source (renewable energy sources such as wind 24 and/or solar 26, see Fig. 1), the ammonia being produced by a facility (Ammonia synthesis plant 18, see Fig. 1) having an ammonia synthesis loop (Ammonia Loop; see column 10, line 67), the control system comprising: an advanced regulatory controller (ARC) (real-time optimization module (RTOM) 156, see Fig. 2/power prediction module (PPM) 152, see Fig. 2) configured to: receive a forecasted energy profile (usage and power generation data; see column 12, lines 26-27) for the low carbon energy source over a time period (see column 12, lines 26-35); predict operating conditions of the facility based on the forecasted energy profile for the low carbon energy source (see column 12, lines 42-64); and generate one or more set points (setpoint operation parameters; see column 12, lines 45-46) for the facility (see column 12, lines 42-48) and to control a generation of a hydrogen feed (hydrogen production plant 12, see Fig. 1) to the ammonia synthesis loop for production of the ammonia (see column 17, lines 42-49 and column 18, lines 51-54). As to claim 11 Mehta discloses the control system of claim 10, wherein the one or more set points are generated based on the received forecasted energy profile for the low carbon energy source (see column 12, lines 51-64). As to claim 12 Mehta discloses the control system of claim 10, wherein the ARC is further configured to: receive a level of energy availability from a secondary energy source (see column 8, lines 11-21 and column 12, lines 51-64). As to claim 13 Mehta discloses the control system of claim 12, wherein the ARC is further configured to: cause a transfer of energy between the facility and the secondary energy source (see column 8, lines 11-21 and column 12, lines 51-64). As to claim 14 Mehta discloses the control system of claim 10, wherein the ARC is further configured to: determine if the predicted operating conditions of the facility are outside operating limits of one or more sections or equipment of the facility (see column 12, lines 36-64); determine, in response to the determination that the predicted operating conditions of the facility are outside the operating limits, a maximum hydrogen rate that may be consumed by the ammonia synthesis loop without violating any of the operating limits of any equipment and/or process in the facility (see column 23, lines 50-67); and use the maximum hydrogen rate and on the operating limits of one or more sections or equipment of the facility to generate the one or more set points (see column 12, lines 42-48 and column 23, lines 50-67). As to claim 15 Mehta discloses the control system of claim 10, further comprising one or more distributed control systems configured to receive the one or more set points generated by the ARC (see column 17, lines 5-22). As to claim 16 Mehta discloses a non-transitory computer readable medium (computer readable storage medium; see column 6, lines 60-61) having stored thereon computer-readable instructions (instructions; see column 6, line 61) that, when executed by a processor (at least one hardware processor; see column 6, lines 65-66), cause the processor to: receive facility-specific information (plant operation data; see column 12, line 37) and non-facility-specific information, wherein the non-facility-specific information comprises a forecasted energy profile (usage and power generation data; see column 12, lines 26-27) for a low carbon energy source (renewable energy sources such as wind 24 and/or solar 26, see Fig. 1) over a time period (see column 12, lines 26-41); predict operating conditions of the facility (Ammonia synthesis plant 18, see Fig. 1) based on the forecasted energy profile for the low carbon energy source (see column 12, lines 42-64); determine if the predicted operating conditions of the facility are outside operating limits of one or more sections or equipment of the facility (see column 12, lines 36-64); generate, based on the determination, one or more set points (setpoint operation parameters; see column 12, lines 45-46) for the facility (see column 12, lines 42-48); and control production of ammonia (Ammonia; see column 11, line 3) based on the one or more set points (see column 17, lines 42-49 and column 18, lines 51-54). As to claim 17 Mehta discloses the non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, further configured to continuously monitor one or more components of a facility comprising an ammonia synthesis loop and the low carbon energy source (see column 18, lines 58-67). As to claim 18 Mehta discloses the non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, further configured to receive a level of energy availability from a secondary energy source (see column 8, lines 11-21 and column 12, lines 51-64). As to claim 19 Mehta discloses the non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, further configured to cause a transfer of energy from the low carbon energy source to a secondary source of energy (see column 8, lines 11-21 and column 12, lines 51-64). As to claim 20 Mehta discloses a method for controlling a facility (Ammonia synthesis plant 18, see Fig. 1) for producing ammonia (Ammonia; see column 11, line 3) using a low carbon energy source (renewable energy sources such as wind 24 and/or solar 26, see Fig. 1) and an ammonia synthesis loop (Ammonia Loop; see column 10, line 67), comprising: receiving facility-specific information (plant operation data; see column 12, line 37) and non-facility-specific information, wherein the non-facility-specific information comprises a forecasted energy profile (usage and power generation data; see column 12, lines 26-27) for a low carbon energy source over a time period (see column 12, lines 26-41); predicting operating conditions of the facility based on the forecasted energy profile for the low carbon energy source (see column 12, lines 42-64); determining if the predicted operating conditions of the facility are outside operating limits of one or more sections or equipment of the facility (see column 12, lines 36-64); generating, based on the determination, one or more set points (setpoint operation parameters; see column 12, lines 45-46) for the facility (see column 12, lines 42-48); and controlling production of ammonia based on the one or more set points (see column 17, lines 42-49 and column 18, lines 51-54). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Michael J. Brown whose telephone number is (571)272-5932. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Thursday from 5:30am-4:00pm. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Thomas Lee can be reached at (571)272-3667. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /Michael J Brown/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2115
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Oct 20, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 04, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
88%
Grant Probability
97%
With Interview (+8.8%)
2y 10m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1029 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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