Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/517,668

Generation of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) States Based on Multi-Peak Quantum States of Light

Non-Final OA §102
Filed
Nov 22, 2023
Examiner
GAGNON, GRANT A
Art Unit
2872
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
84%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 8m
To Grant
91%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 84% — above average
84%
Career Allow Rate
381 granted / 453 resolved
+16.1% vs TC avg
Moderate +7% lift
Without
With
+6.9%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 8m
Avg Prosecution
38 currently pending
Career history
491
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.5%
-39.5% vs TC avg
§103
41.0%
+1.0% vs TC avg
§102
45.1%
+5.1% vs TC avg
§112
5.5%
-34.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 453 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Information Disclosure Statement The IDS filed to date have been considered. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1-17 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Sabapathy (CA 3055860 A1, of record) herein after referred to as D1. With regard to claim 1, D1 teaches a method, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); comprising: receiving, at an optical circuit (120) and from a plurality of sources in at least one of optical communication (115a and 115b) or electrical communication with the optical circuit (120), one of: initial quantum states ([1059]) of light including at least one of a plurality of approximate squeezed cat states ([1103]) of light or a plurality of approximate states of light having at least 3 associated peaks (fig. 14), or a representation of the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light, the optical circuit (120) including at least one programmable beamsplitter (Fig. 1B; [1009]) and at least one homodyne detector ([1112]); receiving, at the optical circuit (120), a signal ([1005]) to cause programming of the at least one programmable beamsplitter (Fig. 1B; [1009]) and the at least one homodyne detector ([1112]) based on at least one of: the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light, at least one measurement of the at least one homodyne detector ([1112]), or a user input, to produce at least one programmed beamsplitter (Fig. 1B; [1009]) and at least one programmed homodyne detector ([1112]); and generating, by propagating the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light through the at least one programmed beamsplitter (Fig. 1B; [1009]) and using the at least one programmed homodyne detector ([1112]), a plurality of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) ([1047]) quantum states of light. With regard to claim 2, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 1, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light further include a plurality of squeezed states of light ([1103]). With regard to claim 3, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 1, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein the plurality of sources includes a plurality of Gaussian Boson Sampling (GBS) sources ([1003]). With regard to claim 4, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 1, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein the generating the plurality of GKP ([1047]) quantum states of light includes M rounds of refinement of the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light, where M>1. With regard to claim 5, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 1, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light include the plurality of approximate squeezed cat states ([1103]) of light, each approximate squeezed cat state ([1103]) of light from the plurality of approximate squeezed cat states ([1103]) of light being identical to each remaining approximate squeezed cat state ([1103]) of light from the plurality of approximate squeezed cat states ([1103]) of light. With regard to claim 6, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 1, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein the optical circuit (120) is a breeding network (claim 3). With regard to claim 7, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 1, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein the generating the plurality of GKP ([1047]) quantum states of light is based on sampled homodyne outcomes at intermediate modes of the optical circuit (120) during operation of the optical circuit (120). With regard to claim 8, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 1, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein the at least one programmed beamsplitter (Fig. 1B; [1009]) includes a beamsplitter that is configured to operate as an optical switch. With regard to claim 9, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 1, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein each quantum state of light in the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light has an associated peak spacing, and the signal ([1005]) is further based on at least one associated peak spacing (fig. 14). With regard to claim 10, D1 teaches a system, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); comprising: a plurality of sources; and an optical circuit (120) in at least one of optical communication (115a and 115b) or electrical communication with the plurality of sources, the optical circuit (120) including at least one programmable beamsplitter (Fig. 1B; [1009]) and at least one homodyne detector ([1112]), the optical circuit (120) configured to: receive, from the plurality of sources, initial quantum states ([1059]) of light generated by the plurality of sources, the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light including at least one of a plurality of approximate squeezed cat states ([1103]) of light or a plurality of approximate states of light having at least 3 associated peaks (fig. 14), receive a signal ([1005]) to cause programming of the at least one programmable beamsplitter (Fig. 1B; [1009]) and the at least one homodyne detector ([1112]) based on (1) the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light, (2) at least one measurement of the at least one homodyne detector ([1112]), and (3) a user input, to produce at least one programmed beamsplitter (Fig. 1B; [1009])and at least one programmed homodyne detector ([1112]), and generate a plurality of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill GKP ([1047]) quantum states of light by propagating the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light through the at least one programmed beamsplitter, and using the at least one programmed homodyne detector ([1112]). With regard to claim 11, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 10, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light further include a plurality of squeezed states of light ([1103]). With regard to claim 12, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 10, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein the plurality of sources includes a plurality of Gaussian Boson Sampling (GBS) sources ([1003]). With regard to claim 13, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 10, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]);wherein the optical circuit (120) is configured to generate the plurality of GKP ([1047]) quantum states of light by applying M rounds of refinement to the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light, where M>1. With regard to claim 14, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 10, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light include the plurality of approximate states of light having at least 3 associated peaks (fig. 14), and each approximate state of light having at least 3 associated peaks (fig. 14) from the plurality of approximate states of light having at least 3 associated peaks (fig. 14) is a directly-generated superposition of at least three squeezed states of light ([1103]). With regard to claim 15, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 14, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein each approximate state of light having at least 3 associated peaks (fig. 14) is a symmetric superposition of the at least three squeezed states ([1103]) of light for that approximate state of light having at least 3 associated peaks (fig. 14). With regard to claim 16, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 10, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein the optical circuit (120) is further configured to adaptively modify a peak spacing of the initial quantum states ([1059]) of light during operation of the optical circuit (120) and based on at least one homodyne measurement ([1112]). With regard to claim 17, D1 teaches all of the claimed limitations of the instant invention as have been outlined above with respect to claim 10, wherein D1 further teaches Generation of GKP ([1047]) states based on multi-peak quantum states of light, in at least (fig. 1A, 1B; [1005], [1009], [1047], [1059], and [1112]); wherein the at least one programmable beamsplitter (Fig. 1B; [1009]) is programmable into a plurality of modes that includes a breeding mode (claim 3), an amplification mode ([1033]), and a squeezing mode ([1103]). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to GRANT A GAGNON whose telephone number is (571)270-0642. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 7:30-5:30. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Bumsuk Won can be reached at (571) 272-2713. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /GRANT A GAGNON/ Examiner, Art Unit 2872 /BUMSUK WON/ Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 2872
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Prosecution Timeline

Nov 22, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 07, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
84%
Grant Probability
91%
With Interview (+6.9%)
2y 8m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 453 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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