Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/523,237

INFECTIOUS CLONE CAPABLE OF INOCULATING NANOVIRUS DNA-C, DNA-M, DNA-N AND DNA-U1 AND USE THEREOF

Non-Final OA §103§112
Filed
Nov 29, 2023
Examiner
CHATTERJEE, JAYANTA
Art Unit
1662
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
Research & Business Foundation Sungkyunkwan University
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
82%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 8m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 82% — above average
82%
Career Allow Rate
9 granted / 11 resolved
+21.8% vs TC avg
Strong +40% interview lift
Without
With
+40.0%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 8m
Avg Prosecution
48 currently pending
Career history
59
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
4.7%
-35.3% vs TC avg
§103
35.9%
-4.1% vs TC avg
§102
18.7%
-21.3% vs TC avg
§112
33.6%
-6.4% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 11 resolved cases

Office Action

§103 §112
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Election/Restrictions Applicant’s election without traverse of species in the reply filed on 6/9/2025 is acknowledged. The Applicant failed to elect one species from the group of species in group (i) and one species from group (ii), as required in the Office action dated 4/9/2025 (page 3, last line). The Applicant elects all 4 species comprising SEQ ID NOs: 1-4 among the 8 species of group (i). However, the Examiner rejoins all the species and withdraws the restriction requirement. Claim Status Claims 1-17 are pending and all claims are being examined. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112(b) The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claim 1-17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claims 1-2, 5-6, and 16-17 recites, “a nucleotide sequence… represented by SEQ ID NO:…”. It is not clear if Nanovirus DNA-C “represented by” SEQ ID NO: 1 encompasses nucleic acids that comprise the full-length sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or any portion of SEQ ID NO: 1. The same lack of clarity is present for Nanovirus DNA-M, Nanovirus DNA-N, Nanovirus DNA-U1, Nanovirus DNA-R, and Nanovirus DNA-S components and the corresponding SEQ ID NOs. Claims 1 recites, “… a nucleotide sequence of Nanovirus DNA-C represented by SEQ ID NO: 1; a nucleotide sequence of Nanovirus DNA-M represented by SEQ ID NO: 2; …”. Similarly, independent claim 2 recites, “… a nucleotide sequence of Nanovirus DNA-C represented by SEQ ID NO: 5; a nucleotide sequence of Nanovirus DNA-M represented by SEQ ID NO: 6; …”. Independent claim 7 recites, “… (a) an agent for detecting a Nanovirus comprising Nanovirus DNA-C including the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a fragment thereof, Nanovirus DNA-M including the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or a fragment thereof; (b) an agent for detecting a Nanovirus comprising Nanovirus DNA-C including the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or a fragment thereof, Nanovirus DNA-M including the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or a fragment thereof, …” SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2, as shown below. Title: US-18-523-237-1 Perfect score: 988 Sequence: 1 ctggggcggggcttagtatt..........catatgatcgaggtgctgag 988 Searched: 1 seqs, 988 residues Database : US-18-523-237-2.seq:* RESULT 1 US-18-523-237-2 Query Match 100.0%; Score 988; DB 1; Length 988; Best Local Similarity 100.0%; Matches 988; Conservative 0; Mismatches 0; Indels 0; Gaps 0; Qy 1 CTGGGGCGGGGCTTAGTATTACCCCCGCCCCAGGCTCAGCGGAGTCATCACGTGAGACGC 60 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 1 CTGGGGCGGGGCTTAGTATTACCCCCGCCCCAGGCTCAGCGGAGTCATCACGTGAGACGC 60 Qy 61 ACATGACTATTAAATAGAAGACATAATACCAAGTGGTATATGGTCCCCACTAATATATTT 120 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 61 ACATGACTATTAAATAGAAGACATAATACCAAGTGGTATATGGTCCCCACTAATATATTT 120 Qy 121 GATTTAAATGCACGGAATATATGCTTTGCTTCGTCTCGAAGCAAAGTAAGGAATCACTGG 180 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 121 GATTTAAATGCACGGAATATATGCTTTGCTTCGTCTCGAAGCAAAGTAAGGAATCACTGG 180 Qy 181 GACCGATATTAGCTGTAACCCATGTGCCTTCCTTTATTTGTATGGTGGACATTAATTTGC 240 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 181 GACCGATATTAGCTGTAACCCATGTGCCTTCCTTTATTTGTATGGTGGACATTAATTTGC 240 Qy 241 TTTAAGATAGCGTACATTGGAAGCATTGTTATTGCTTATAAAACCTGAGCCGCTATTGTC 300 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 241 TTTAAGATAGCGTACATTGGAAGCATTGTTATTGCTTATAAAACCTGAGCCGCTATTGTC 300 Qy 301 ATTTTTGCTGTTCCGTCGTGTTTCTATTGTCCATTGATATTTCATGGCGGATCCTGGATA 360 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 301 ATTTTTGCTGTTCCGTCGTGTTTCTATTGTCCATTGATATTTCATGGCGGATCCTGGATA 360 Qy 361 TTATCAAGGTTATCAAGACGACGGCGATATCGATGCCCAGAAGAGACATCAAGCTCTATA 420 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 361 TTATCAAGGTTATCAAGACGACGGCGATATCGATGCCCAGAAGAGACATCAAGCTCTATA 420 Qy 421 TTTGATCGGCATAATTATACTCATCATGGTATGTATTATTATTCTTTGGGTTTGTATTAT 480 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 421 TTTGATCGGCATAATTATACTCATCATGGTATGTATTATTATTCTTTGGGTTTGTATTAT 480 Qy 481 GTTGGCGTGTTATATTCCTGGGTTTTTGAAGAAGACAATGGAAACGTGGTTAAGTTCATC 540 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 481 GTTGGCGTGTTATATTCCTGGGTTTTTGAAGAAGACAATGGAAACGTGGTTAAGTTCATC 540 Qy 541 ATCTATGATGAAGAGGCGTCTTGCTGCGACTATAACACGCACACCCTTCGAGGCAACAGG 600 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 541 ATCTATGATGAAGAGGCGTCTTGCTGCGACTATAACACGCACACCCTTCGAGGCAACAGG 600 Qy 601 ACCTGAGAGAGAACTAAATTGGGATGCTCGCAGACAAGCAAACCCTGCACCAAGTCAGCC 660 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 601 ACCTGAGAGAGAACTAAATTGGGATGCTCGCAGACAAGCAAACCCTGCACCAAGTCAGCC 660 Qy 661 TTCCAATGGAGGAGTATTTTAGAGAATGATTATAGATTGTAATTATATATTCATATCATC 720 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 661 TTCCAATGGAGGAGTATTTTAGAGAATGATTATAGATTGTAATTATATATTCATATCATC 720 Qy 721 ATTCTATTGTAAGTGTCGCACCATCAATGAGAATTTACAGAAATTCGCTGTGTCGTAATT 780 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 721 ATTCTATTGTAAGTGTCGCACCATCAATGAGAATTTACAGAAATTCGCTGTGTCGTAATT 780 Qy 781 GTGTTTCGTATGAGTTGCAGACTTCTGTATATGTTTCAAGGAAGAAGAAAACTATTCACT 840 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 781 GTGTTTCGTATGAGTTGCAGACTTCTGTATATGTTTCAAGGAAGAAGAAAACTATTCACT 840 Qy 841 ATGCCACGTGTTCACATAGAAATGGTTTATATTATTTTTTATTACTCCGCGTAGCGGTAT 900 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 841 ATGCCACGTGTTCACATAGAAATGGTTTATATTATTTTTTATTACTCCGCGTAGCGGTAT 900 Qy 901 GTTTGGGCTTTTAAGCCCAATTGGGGTTAGGCCCAATTCAGTAGCCAATGAGGAAGGCTT 960 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 901 GTTTGGGCTTTTAAGCCCAATTGGGGTTAGGCCCAATTCAGTAGCCAATGAGGAAGGCTT 960 Qy 961 AATGACCTCATATGATCGAGGTGCTGAG 988 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 961 AATGACCTCATATGATCGAGGTGCTGAG 988 Similarly, SEQ ID NO: 5 comprises 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6, as shown below. Title: US-18-523-237-5 Perfect score: 993 Sequence: 1 acccccgccccgggttcaga..........taggggcggggcttagtatt 993 Searched: 1 seqs, 993 residues Database : US-18-523-237-6.seq:* RESULT 1 US-18-523-237-6 Query Match 100.0%; Score 993; DB 1; Length 993; Best Local Similarity 100.0%; Matches 993; Conservative 0; Mismatches 0; Indels 0; Gaps 0; Qy 1 ACCCCCGCCCCGGGTTCAGAGTCACGTACGGAGTGACTAATGGCCATTGGATTATTATAC 60 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 1 ACCCCCGCCCCGGGTTCAGAGTCACGTACGGAGTGACTAATGGCCATTGGATTATTATAC 60 Qy 61 ACGTGGACGATCAGGATCTGTGATTCGTGAAGCGAATCTGACGGAAGATCGTCCGAAGCT 120 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 61 ACGTGGACGATCAGGATCTGTGATTCGTGAAGCGAATCTGACGGAAGATCGTCCGAAGCT 120 Qy 121 TCGTGGTAGGGCCCAAGTGTTGCTTTAGTTTGCTTTTTTAAAAAGTAAAGCTAGATGCTT 180 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 121 TCGTGGTAGGGCCCAAGTGTTGCTTTAGTTTGCTTTTTTAAAAAGTAAAGCTAGATGCTT 180 Qy 181 TTCTCTACTTTATTCCTTTGAAGTGGAATACAGCTGTCTTTGCTTCCTCCCGAAGCAAAG 240 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 181 TTCTCTACTTTATTCCTTTGAAGTGGAATACAGCTGTCTTTGCTTCCTCCCGAAGCAAAG 240 Qy 241 GATTCTTTATCTCTCTATAAAAAGCTGTGTTCTTCTTCGTTGTTCTTACAACGAAGATGG 300 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 241 GATTCTTTATCTCTCTATAAAAAGCTGTGTTCTTCTTCGTTGTTCTTACAACGAAGATGG 300 Qy 301 GTCTGAAATATTTTTCTCATCTTCCTGAAGAGTTGAGAGAGAAGATTGTTCGTGATCATC 360 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 301 GTCTGAAATATTTTTCTCATCTTCCTGAAGAGTTGAGAGAGAAGATTGTTCGTGATCATC 360 Qy 361 TACAACAAGAGCGAAAGAAAGAGTTTCTTGAGAATGCTATAGAAGATAGTTGCAGAAGGC 420 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 361 TACAACAAGAGCGAAAGAAAGAGTTTCTTGAGAATGCTATAGAAGATAGTTGCAGAAGGC 420 Qy 421 ATGTGTCGTTATTAAAGTCAGACCCATCACCTTCAGAGCTGTATTCTCTGAGTAAGTTTT 480 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 421 ATGTGTCGTTATTAAAGTCAGACCCATCACCTTCAGAGCTGTATTCTCTGAGTAAGTTTT 480 Qy 481 TAGATTCATTGGCTGATTATGTTGGTAAGCAGTTTAATACACGTTGTTTGATTAAATGGA 540 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 481 TAGATTCATTGGCTGATTATGTTGGTAAGCAGTTTAATACACGTTGTTTGATTAAATGGA 540 Qy 541 AGAAAGACGTTCCTGCTAATATCAAGTTTCAAGTTATGGAAGAACAACACCTGCGGTTAT 600 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 541 AGAAAGACGTTCCTGCTAATATCAAGTTTCAAGTTATGGAAGAACAACACCTGCGGTTAT 600 Qy 601 ATGGGTTTGTTGATATGGACGACCTTTTATGTCGTGAGTTATTGCCACCTGAAGAAGATG 660 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 601 ATGGGTTTGTTGATATGGACGACCTTTTATGTCGTGAGTTATTGCCACCTGAAGAAGATG 660 Qy 661 ATGATATTACATACGAAGATGGTATGATTGTCAACTGCAGTGAGTTGGATAAATTATTTG 720 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 661 ATGATATTACATACGAAGATGGTATGATTGTCAACTGCAGTGAGTTGGATAAATTATTTG 720 Qy 721 AGGCTCTAGGCATTAGAGTTGTTTATATTACTGTCAGTAAGAATTGTATTTGGACTCCTT 780 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 721 AGGCTCTAGGCATTAGAGTTGTTTATATTACTGTCAGTAAGAATTGTATTTGGACTCCTT 780 Qy 781 TGAACAAGGATATTGTAATTAAATGAATTGTGATAATAATAAATTATTACTAATGTTATC 840 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 781 TGAACAAGGATATTGTAATTAAATGAATTGTGATAATAATAAATTATTACTAATGTTATC 840 Qy 841 ATGAAAGATATATTTATTCTTTTAAATACTCTGCGAAGCTATATGTTAAGGCCCAATAGG 900 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 841 ATGAAAGATATATTTATTCTTTTAAATACTCTGCGAAGCTATATGTTAAGGCCCAATAGG 900 Qy 901 CCCAATTGCTCTTAGGCCCAATTAAATTCTCTTTGAAGTGAGTCAGCTGACATCAGCTGA 960 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 901 CCCAATTGCTCTTAGGCCCAATTAAATTCTCTTTGAAGTGAGTCAGCTGACATCAGCTGA 960 Qy 961 CTCCTTGATGACGTAGGGGCGGGGCTTAGTATT 993 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 961 CTCCTTGATGACGTAGGGGCGGGGCTTAGTATT 993 Claims 1, 2, and 7, and all the claims dependent from these independent claims are rendered indefinite as it is not clear whether DNA-C sequence is represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2 of milk vetch dwarf virus (MDV). It is also not clear whether DNA-C sequence is represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or SEQ ID NO: 6 of Faba bean necrotic yellow virus (FBNYV). The same lack of clarity is valid for DNA-M sequence for both the nanovirues- MDV and FBNYV. In the spirit of compact prosecution, in the prior art rejection below, the limitation “a nucleotide sequence of … represented by SEQ ID NO” is interpreted that the “nucleotide sequence” consists of the entire sequence of the relevant SEQ ID NO. Claim 9 depends from claim 7, and recites “the detecting agent comprises ….” This limitation lacks clear antecedent basis because there are multiple detecting agents recited in claim 7: various agents for detecting the different viruses in (a) and (b), and thus it is unclear which particular detecting agent is meant by “the detecting agent …” recited in claim 9. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112(a) The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 112(a): (a) IN GENERAL.—The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor or joint inventor of carrying out the invention. The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112: The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor of carrying out his invention. Claims 1-6 and 14-17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), first paragraph, as failing to comply with the enablement requirement. The claims contain subject matter which was not described in the specification in such a way as to enable one skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to use the invention. Independent claims 1-2 are drawn to a recombinant vector, comprising: a nucleotide sequence of Nanovirus DNA-C represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (for MDV) or SEQ ID NO: 5 (for FBNYV); a nucleotide sequence of Nanovirus DNA-M represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (for MDV) or SEQ ID NO: 6 (FBNYV); a nucleotide sequence of Nanovirus DNA-N represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 (for MDV) or SEQ ID NO: 7 (FDNYV); and a nucleotide sequence of Nanovirus DNA-U1 represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 (for MDV) or SEQ ID NO: 8 (for FBNYV). The description teaches transforming a host crop plants with the recombinant vector “can effectively induce the infection of Nanovirus into crops even without any insect vectors” (abstract, line 4-5). The Applicant describes the invention as a development of an artificial infection system for nanovirus (spec, page 3, line 5-6). The Applicant describes using PCR and detecting the presence of the polynucleotide sequence of DNA-C, DNA-M, DNA-N, and DNA-U1 in MDV (page 27, line 19-22; Fig. 9a) and FBNYV (page 28, line 6-11; Fig. 9b) nanovirus infected plants which developed symptoms such as leaf necrosis, chlorosis, and stunted growth. However, Fig. 9 (a and b) does indicate presence of DNA-R, DNA-S, DNA-U2, and DNA-U4; besides DNA-C, DNA-M, DNA-N, and DNA-U1 as described. Timchenko et al. (Infectivity of nanovirus DNAs: induction of disease by cloned genome components of Faba bean necrotic yellows virus, 2006, Journal of General Virology, 87:1735-1743) describes that five genome components, DNA-R, DNA-S, DNA-M, DNA-U1 and DNA-U2, were sufficient for inducing (infection and) disease symptoms in Fava bean (V. faba) upon agroinoculation (abstract). Grigoras et al. (Nanovirus DNA-N encodes a protein mandatory for aphid transmission, 2018, Virology 522:281–291) describes that DNA-R (master replication initiator protein; M-Rep) is required for replication initiation of all (viral) genomic DNAs (page 281, left column, para 1, line 11-13). DNA-R, DNA-S and DNA-M are “absolutely requited” (page 289, left column, para 3, line 8-10) and essential for infection and symptom development (page 522, right column, para 2). On the other hand, nanovirus DNA-N is mandatory for aphid transmission (abstract). A host plant transformed by a vector which does not include DNA-R and DNA-S would fail to effectively induce an infection of Nanovirus including MDV and FBNYV. However, the specific feature (DNA-R and DNA-S) is missing from the independent claims 1 and 2, and also missing from the dependent claims directly or indirectly depending from claim 1 or 2. One skilled in the art would be able to make the claimed recombinant vectors but would not be able to use the invention commensurate with the scope of the invention as recited in the claims, in the spec, or both. Claims 16-17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), first paragraph, because the specification, while being enabling for a recombinant vector comprising the nucleotide sequence of Nanovirus DNA-R represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 and Nanovirus DNA-S represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, does not reasonably provide enablement for a recombinant vector comprising the nucleotide sequence of Nanovirus DNA-R represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or Nanovirus DNA-S represented by SEQ ID NO: 10. The specification does not enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to use the invention commensurate in scope with these claims. The description teaches transforming crop plants with the recombinant vector “can effectively induce the infection of Nanovirus into crops even without any insect vectors” (abstract, line 4-5). The Applicant describes development of an artificial infection system for nanovirus (spec, page 3, line 5-6). The Applicant describes detecting presence of DNA-C, DNA-M, DNA-N, and DNA-U1 in MDV (page 27, line 19-22; Fig. 9a) and FBNYV (page 28, line 6-11; Fig. 9b) infected plants, which developed symptoms such as leaf necrosis, chlorosis, and stunted growth. However, Timchenko et al. describes that five genome components, DNA-R, DNA-S, DNA-M, DNA-U1 and DNA-U2, were sufficient for inducing (infection and) disease symptoms in Fava bean (V. faba) upon agroinoculation (abstract). Grigoras et al. describes that DNA-R (master replication initiator protein; M-Rep) is required for replication initiation of all (viral) genomic DNAs (page 281, left column, para 1, line 11-13). DNA-R, DNA-S and DNA-M are “absolutely requited” (page 289, left column, para 3, line 8-10) and essential for infection and symptom development (page 522, right column, para 2). On the other hand, nanovirus DNA-N is mandatory for aphid transmission for a Nanovirus (abstract). A crop plant transformed by a vector that includes DNA-C, DNA-M, DNA-N, and DNA-U1, along with either DNA-R or DNA-S would fail to induce an infection in the transformed plant. Both DNA-R and DNA-S are “absolutely required” to induce an infection in a host plant. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. The factual inquiries for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows: 1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art. 2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue. 3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art. 4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness. Claims 7-13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Lal et al. (Milk vetch dwarf virus infection in the Solanaceae and Caricaceae families in Southeast Asia, 2020, Plant Pathology, 69:1026–1033), in view of Zhang et al. (Complete genomic characterization of milk vetch dwarf virus isolates from cowpea and broad bean in Anhui province, China; 2017, Arch Virol., 162:2437–2440). Independent claim 7 is drawn to a composition for diagnosis of Nanovirus infection, comprising: (a) an agent for detecting a Nanovirus comprising Nanovirus DNA-C including the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a fragment thereof, Nanovirus DNA-M including the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or a fragment thereof, Nanovirus DNA-N including the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or a fragment thereof, and Nanovirus DNA-U1 including the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or a fragment thereof, (b) an agent for detecting a Nanovirus comprising Nanovirus DNA-C including the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or a fragment thereof, Nanovirus DNA-M including the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or a fragment thereof, Nanovirus DNA-N including the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 or a fragment thereof, and Nanovirus DNA-U1 including the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 or a fragment thereof; or (c) a combination thereof. Lal et al. also describes a nucleotide sequence of Nanovirus (MDV) DNA-M (GenBank accession No. MN795302) (page 1030, Table 1) having 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 1-2, as shown below. (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 share 100% identity to each other, as discussed above.) RESULT 1 MN795302 LOCUS MN795302 988 bp DNA circular VRL 18-NOV-2020 DEFINITION Milk vetch dwarf virus isolate KS92 segment DNA M, complete sequence. ACCESSION MN795302 VERSION MN795302.1 SOURCE Milk vetch dwarf virus ORGANISM Milk vetch dwarf virus Viruses; Monodnaviria; Shotokuvirae; Cressdnaviricota; Arfiviricetes; Mulpavirales; Nanoviridae; Nanovirus. REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 988) AUTHORS Lal,A., Kil,E.-J., Thuy,V.T.B., Fadhila,C., Ho,P.T., Byun,H.-S., Dao,H.T., Kim,J.-K. and Lee,S. TITLE Milk vetch dwarf virus infection in the Solanaceae and Caricaceae families in Southeast Asia JOURNAL Plant Pathol 69 (6), 1026-1033 (2020) REMARK DOI: 10.1111/ppa.13196 REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 988) AUTHORS Lal,A., Kil,E.-J., Vo,T.T.B., Fadhila,C., Ho,P.T. and Lee,S. TITLE Direct Submission JOURNAL Submitted (03-DEC-2019) Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..988 /organism="Milk vetch dwarf virus" /mol_type="genomic DNA" /isolate="KS92" /host="pepper" /db_xref="taxon:67585" /segment="DNA M" /geo_loc_name="Viet Nam" /collection_date="Aug-2018" /collected_by="Sukchan Lee" CDS 344..682 /codon_start=1 /product="movement protein" /protein_id="QPB75528.1" /translation="MADPGYYQGYQDDGDIDAQKRHQALYLIGIIILIMVCIIILWVC IMLACYIPGFLKKTMETWLSSSSMMKRRLAATITRTPFEATGPERELNWDARRQANPA PSQPSNGGVF Query Match 100.0%; Score 988; Length 988;Best Local Similarity 100.0%; Matches 988; Conservative 0; Mismatches 0; Indels 0; Gaps 0; Qy 1 CTGGGGCGGGGCTTAGTATTACCCCCGCCCCAGGCTCAGCGGAGTCATCACGTGAGACGC 60 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 1 CTGGGGCGGGGCTTAGTATTACCCCCGCCCCAGGCTCAGCGGAGTCATCACGTGAGACGC 60 Qy 61 ACATGACTATTAAATAGAAGACATAATACCAAGTGGTATATGGTCCCCACTAATATATTT 120 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 61 ACATGACTATTAAATAGAAGACATAATACCAAGTGGTATATGGTCCCCACTAATATATTT 120 Qy 121 GATTTAAATGCACGGAATATATGCTTTGCTTCGTCTCGAAGCAAAGTAAGGAATCACTGG 180 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 121 GATTTAAATGCACGGAATATATGCTTTGCTTCGTCTCGAAGCAAAGTAAGGAATCACTGG 180 Qy 181 GACCGATATTAGCTGTAACCCATGTGCCTTCCTTTATTTGTATGGTGGACATTAATTTGC 240 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 181 GACCGATATTAGCTGTAACCCATGTGCCTTCCTTTATTTGTATGGTGGACATTAATTTGC 240 Qy 241 TTTAAGATAGCGTACATTGGAAGCATTGTTATTGCTTATAAAACCTGAGCCGCTATTGTC 300 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 241 TTTAAGATAGCGTACATTGGAAGCATTGTTATTGCTTATAAAACCTGAGCCGCTATTGTC 300 Qy 301 ATTTTTGCTGTTCCGTCGTGTTTCTATTGTCCATTGATATTTCATGGCGGATCCTGGATA 360 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 301 ATTTTTGCTGTTCCGTCGTGTTTCTATTGTCCATTGATATTTCATGGCGGATCCTGGATA 360 Qy 361 TTATCAAGGTTATCAAGACGACGGCGATATCGATGCCCAGAAGAGACATCAAGCTCTATA 420 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 361 TTATCAAGGTTATCAAGACGACGGCGATATCGATGCCCAGAAGAGACATCAAGCTCTATA 420 Qy 421 TTTGATCGGCATAATTATACTCATCATGGTATGTATTATTATTCTTTGGGTTTGTATTAT 480 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 421 TTTGATCGGCATAATTATACTCATCATGGTATGTATTATTATTCTTTGGGTTTGTATTAT 480 Qy 481 GTTGGCGTGTTATATTCCTGGGTTTTTGAAGAAGACAATGGAAACGTGGTTAAGTTCATC 540 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 481 GTTGGCGTGTTATATTCCTGGGTTTTTGAAGAAGACAATGGAAACGTGGTTAAGTTCATC 540 Qy 541 ATCTATGATGAAGAGGCGTCTTGCTGCGACTATAACACGCACACCCTTCGAGGCAACAGG 600 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 541 ATCTATGATGAAGAGGCGTCTTGCTGCGACTATAACACGCACACCCTTCGAGGCAACAGG 600 Qy 601 ACCTGAGAGAGAACTAAATTGGGATGCTCGCAGACAAGCAAACCCTGCACCAAGTCAGCC 660 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 601 ACCTGAGAGAGAACTAAATTGGGATGCTCGCAGACAAGCAAACCCTGCACCAAGTCAGCC 660 Qy 661 TTCCAATGGAGGAGTATTTTAGAGAATGATTATAGATTGTAATTATATATTCATATCATC 720 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 661 TTCCAATGGAGGAGTATTTTAGAGAATGATTATAGATTGTAATTATATATTCATATCATC 720 Qy 721 ATTCTATTGTAAGTGTCGCACCATCAATGAGAATTTACAGAAATTCGCTGTGTCGTAATT 780 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 721 ATTCTATTGTAAGTGTCGCACCATCAATGAGAATTTACAGAAATTCGCTGTGTCGTAATT 780 Qy 781 GTGTTTCGTATGAGTTGCAGACTTCTGTATATGTTTCAAGGAAGAAGAAAACTATTCACT 840 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 781 GTGTTTCGTATGAGTTGCAGACTTCTGTATATGTTTCAAGGAAGAAGAAAACTATTCACT 840 Qy 841 ATGCCACGTGTTCACATAGAAATGGTTTATATTATTTTTTATTACTCCGCGTAGCGGTAT 900 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 841 ATGCCACGTGTTCACATAGAAATGGTTTATATTATTTTTTATTACTCCGCGTAGCGGTAT 900 Qy 901 GTTTGGGCTTTTAAGCCCAATTGGGGTTAGGCCCAATTCAGTAGCCAATGAGGAAGGCTT 960 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 901 GTTTGGGCTTTTAAGCCCAATTGGGGTTAGGCCCAATTCAGTAGCCAATGAGGAAGGCTT 960 Qy 961 AATGACCTCATATGATCGAGGTGCTGAG 988 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 961 AATGACCTCATATGATCGAGGTGCTGAG 988 Lal et al. also describes DNA isolation and PCR analysis using primers to amplify different DNA segments of nanovirus genome (p. 1027, right column, para 2). Primers are also used to detect presence of different genomic segments including DNA-M of the MDV genome (p. 1029; left column, last para). Moreover, designing a PCR primer is a well-known and routine method in the art (Addgene protocol). Lal et al. also describes AccuPower PCR Master Mix (Bioneer) (p. 1027, right column, para 2, line 21), which contains all the necessary reagents for the PCR including “Top DNA Polymerase, dNTPs, reaction buffer, tracking dye, and patented stabilizer” (Bioneer flyer). However, Lal et al. does not describe instant SEQ ID NOs: 3-4. Zhang et al. describes a (DNA-N) nucleotide sequence, BDP1, (page 2437, right column para 1, line 18; Suppl. Table S1; GenBank Accession No. LC094150) encoding a nuclear shuttle protein having 100% sequence identity to instant SEQ ID NO: 3, as shown below. RESULT 1 LC094150 LOCUS LC094150 973 bp DNA linear VRL 12-MAY-2016 DEFINITION Milk vetch dwarf virus gene for nuclear shuttle protein, complete cds, isolate: BDP1. ACCESSION LC094150 (mentioned in Spec, page 25, line 12) VERSION LC094150.1 SOURCE Milk vetch dwarf virus ORGANISM Milk vetch dwarf virus Viruses; Monodnaviria; Shotokuvirae; Cressdnaviricota; Arfiviricetes; Mulpavirales; Nanoviridae; Nanovirus. REFERENCE 1 AUTHORS Sano,Y. and Kamal,M.U. TITLE Identification of milkvetch dwarf virus in Bangladesh JOURNAL Unpublished REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 973) AUTHORS Sano,Y. TITLE Direct Submission JOURNAL Submitted (31-OCT-2015) Contact:Yoshitaka Sano Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Agrobiology; 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata city, Niigata Prefecture 950-2181, Japan URL :http://www.agr.niigata-u.ac.jp/index.html FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..973 /organism="Milk vetch dwarf virus" /mol_type="genomic DNA" /isolate="BDP1" /host="Carica papaya" /db_xref="taxon:67585" /segment="DNA-N" /geo_loc_name="Bangladesh" /collection_date="2014-06-03" CDS 340..801 /codon_start=1 /product="nuclear shuttle protein" /protein_id="BAV00125.1" /translation="MADWFASPLKTCTHVCDFPTLAGNPSQEITCCDSMKNKLNDSRK VLLVSCSVSFNGSFYGGNRNVRGQLQISMLEDDGVCRPIGYVPIGGYLYHNDYGYYEG EKTFNLDIESQYLKKDEDYNRKFIVSVLNENGLDSLCDLKVFIVHALRIKV Query Match 100.0%; Score 973; Length 973; Best Local Similarity 100.0%; Matches 973; Conservative 0; Mismatches 0; Indels 0; Gaps 0; Qy 1 ACCCCCGCCCCAGGATCAGCGGAGTCATTTAGACTCGCTATAAGCCGTTAGATGTGTAGA 60 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 1 ACCCCCGCCCCAGGATCAGCGGAGTCATTTAGACTCGCTATAAGCCGTTAGATGTGTAGA 60 Qy 61 CACGTGTACAATCAGGATCTGTGATTCGTGAAGCGAATCTGACGGAAGATTGTACAATAC 120 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 61 CACGTGTACAATCAGGATCTGTGATTCGTGAAGCGAATCTGACGGAAGATTGTACAATAC 120 Qy 121 GCTAAACTATATATGTACGCGTGTTTAATTGCCATTGGTCCATATAGTAGTGGACATCAC 180 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 121 GCTAAACTATATATGTACGCGTGTTTAATTGCCATTGGTCCATATAGTAGTGGACATCAC 180 Qy 181 GCGTTTTCTTTTAACGCGGTTTACTTTATAAGTGGGGACCAGTAGTTGCTTTGTTTGCAC 240 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 181 GCGTTTTCTTTTAACGCGGTTTACTTTATAAGTGGGGACCAGTAGTTGCTTTGTTTGCAC 240 Qy 241 GAAAGGTTAATCTTTTGTGTTGAAGAAGCTTCTTCGTTGCTCTATAAATACAAGCTTCTT 300 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 241 GAAAGGTTAATCTTTTGTGTTGAAGAAGCTTCTTCGTTGCTCTATAAATACAAGCTTCTT 300 Qy 301 CTTCATCCTCTTCGTCATCATTTTCTGCAACTGCAAAAAATGGCAGATTGGTTCGCGAGT 360 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 301 CTTCATCCTCTTCGTCATCATTTTCTGCAACTGCAAAAAATGGCAGATTGGTTCGCGAGT 360 Qy 361 CCTTTGAAGACATGTACACATGTCTGCGATTTTCCAACCCTTGCTGGTAATCCATCACAA 420 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 361 CCTTTGAAGACATGTACACATGTCTGCGATTTTCCAACCCTTGCTGGTAATCCATCACAA 420 Qy 421 GAGATTACTTGCTGTGATAGTATGAAGAATAAGTTAAATGATTCGAGGAAGGTTTTACTT 480 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 421 GAGATTACTTGCTGTGATAGTATGAAGAATAAGTTAAATGATTCGAGGAAGGTTTTACTT 480 Qy 481 GTGAGTTGCAGTGTGAGCTTCAATGGTAGTTTCTATGGAGGTAACAGAAACGTTCGTGGT 540 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 481 GTGAGTTGCAGTGTGAGCTTCAATGGTAGTTTCTATGGAGGTAACAGAAACGTTCGTGGT 540 Qy 541 CAGTTGCAGATTTCTATGTTAGAAGACGACGGTGTTTGTAGACCAATTGGTTATGTCCCA 600 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 541 CAGTTGCAGATTTCTATGTTAGAAGACGACGGTGTTTGTAGACCAATTGGTTATGTCCCA 600 Qy 601 ATTGGTGGTTACTTGTACCATAACGACTATGGATATTACGAAGGTGAGAAGACATTCAAC 660 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 601 ATTGGTGGTTACTTGTACCATAACGACTATGGATATTACGAAGGTGAGAAGACATTCAAC 660 Qy 661 CTTGATATTGAATCCCAGTACTTGAAGAAGGACGAAGACTACAATAGGAAGTTTATTGTT 720 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 661 CTTGATATTGAATCCCAGTACTTGAAGAAGGACGAAGACTACAATAGGAAGTTTATTGTT 720 Qy 721 TCAGTTCTCAACGAGAATGGTTTAGACAGTTTATGCGACTTAAAGGTTTTTATTGTTCAT 780 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 721 TCAGTTCTCAACGAGAATGGTTTAGACAGTTTATGCGACTTAAAGGTTTTTATTGTTCAT 780 Qy 781 GCTCTTAGGATCAAAGTGTAATAATCATAATTATTGTAAGATTATGCAATTGAATAATAA 840 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 781 GCTCTTAGGATCAAAGTGTAATAATCATAATTATTGTAAGATTATGCAATTGAATAATAA 840 Qy 841 TATCAGGATGAATAATTTATTTTTAAATACTCTGCGTAGCTGTATGTTAGGCCCAATAGG 900 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 841 TATCAGGATGAATAATTTATTTTTAAATACTCTGCGTAGCTGTATGTTAGGCCCAATAGG 900 Qy 901 CCCATTTGTTAGTAAGCCCAAATGAATATGACGTCATCTGATCCCTTGCTGAGCTGGGGC 960 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 901 CCCATTTGTTAGTAAGCCCAAATGAATATGACGTCATCTGATCCCTTGCTGAGCTGGGGC 960 Qy 961 GGGGCTTAGTATT 973 ||||||||||||| Db 961 GGGGCTTAGTATT 973 Zhang et al. also describes a nucleotide sequence encoding DNA-U1 component of a Nanovirus (MDV) (GenBank accession No. KY070231; page 2440, left column, para 2) comprising 100% sequence identity to instant SEQ ID NO: 4, as shown below. RESULT 1 KY070231 LOCUS KY070231 990 bp DNA circular VRL 12-APR-2017 DEFINITION Milk vetch dwarf virus isolate VF segment DNA-U1, complete sequence. ACCESSION KY070231 (From Broad bean, V. faba) VERSION KY070231.1 SOURCE Milk vetch dwarf virus ORGANISM Milk vetch dwarf virus Viruses; Monodnaviria; Shotokuvirae; Cressdnaviricota; Arfiviricetes; Mulpavirales; Nanoviridae; Nanovirus. REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 990) AUTHORS Zhang,C., Zheng,H., Yan,D., Han,K., Song,X., Liu,Y., Zhang,D., Chen,J. and Yan,F. TITLE Complete genomic characterization of milk vetch dwarf virus isolates from cowpea and broad bean in Anhui province, China JOURNAL Arch. Virol. (2017) In press PUBMED 28386650 REMARK Publication Status: Available-Online prior to print REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 990) AUTHORS Zhang,C., Zheng,H., Yan,D., Han,K., Song,X., Liu,Y., Zhang,D., Chen,J. and Yan,F. TITLE Direct Submission JOURNAL Submitted (01-NOV-2016) ICTV, 24 Woodland Way, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG2 8BT, United Kingdom COMMENT ##Assembly-Data-START## Sequencing Technology :: Sanger dideoxy sequencing ##Assembly-Data-END## FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..990 /organism="Milk vetch dwarf virus" /mol_type="genomic DNA" /isolate="VF" /host="broad bean" /db_xref="taxon:67585" /segment="DNA-U1" /geo_loc_name="China: Anhui, Hefei City" stem_loop 1..29 regulatory 274..280 /regulatory_class="TATA_box" regulatory 372..824 /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence" regulatory 823..828 /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence Query Match 100.0%; Score 990; Length 990; Best Local Similarity 100.0%; Matches 990; Conservative 0; Mismatches 0; Indels 0; Gaps 0; Qy 1 GGGGCGGGGCTTAGTATTACCCCCGCCCCGGGTTCAGAGTCACGTACGGAGTGACTTACA 60 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 1 GGGGCGGGGCTTAGTATTACCCCCGCCCCGGGTTCAGAGTCACGTACGGAGTGACTTACA 60 Qy 61 GCCGTTGGATTTTAAATAAGATGGACGATCAGGATCTGTGATTCGTGAAGCGAATCTGAC 120 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 61 GCCGTTGGATTTTAAATAAGATGGACGATCAGGATCTGTGATTCGTGAAGCGAATCTGAC 120 Qy 121 GGAAGATCGTCCGAAGCTTCGTGGTAGGGCCCCCCTATTGCTTTATCTTTACTTTAATAA 180 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 121 GGAAGATCGTCCGAAGCTTCGTGGTAGGGCCCCCCTATTGCTTTATCTTTACTTTAATAA 180 Qy 181 AGTAAAGTAAGATGCTGTCCCCTACTTTATTCGTTTATGAGTTGTTTACAGCTGTCTTTG 240 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 181 AGTAAAGTAAGATGCTGTCCCCTACTTTATTCGTTTATGAGTTGTTTACAGCTGTCTTTG 240 Qy 241 CTTCGTCTCGAAGCAAAGGACCTTCTCATCGTCTATAAAAGCTGTGTTTATGAAGAAGAT 300 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 241 CTTCGTCTCGAAGCAAAGGACCTTCTCATCGTCTATAAAAGCTGTGTTTATGAAGAAGAT 300 Qy 301 GAATTGTTCATCTTCTTCTTTCTCACAAACCATATTGTTTGTTTCATCAAACTAAAGCTT 360 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 301 GAATTGTTCATCTTCTTCTTTCTCACAAACCATATTGTTTGTTTCATCAAACTAAAGCTT 360 Qy 361 CTATTGAGGTTATGTCTGCGAACGATTCTTCGTTGTTTGATGAGGCCACCGATGAGTTAA 420 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 361 CTATTGAGGTTATGTCTGCGAACGATTCTTCGTTGTTTGATGAGGCCACCGATGAGTTAA 420 Qy 421 TATCGTCTGAGAGGAAATTGATAGCCGTCGAATGCCATGATGATGATTCTCAGGTAATTA 480 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 421 TATCGTCTGAGAGGAAATTGATAGCCGTCGAATGCCATGATGATGATTCTCAGGTAATTA 480 Qy 481 ATGTTAAGGTTGAAGATATCTTTTGCGATATGTCCGACAAGGTCGTTATTAAACTGCAGT 540 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 481 ATGTTAAGGTTGAAGATATCTTTTGCGATATGTCCGACAAGGTCGTTATTAAACTGCAGT 540 Qy 541 TTAGATTGTGTTACAAGTACCGAAAGCTATTAGATATTACTCTTCTTGGGTGTCGTATGA 600 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 541 TTAGATTGTGTTACAAGTACCGAAAGCTATTAGATATTACTCTTCTTGGGTGTCGTATGA 600 Qy 601 AGGTTCATACAGAGTTGAAGACACCATCTGAACGTTCTCTGAAGAGTATTTTGCAGAAGA 660 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 601 AGGTTCATACAGAGTTGAAGACACCATCTGAACGTTCTCTGAAGAGTATTTTGCAGAAGA 660 Qy 661 AGATGAATGTTATATGCGATGGGAATTATTTGATAGGTATTAGAATGTTTTTTATAAATA 720 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 661 AGATGAATGTTATATGCGATGGGAATTATTTGATAGGTATTAGAATGTTTTTTATAAATA 720 Qy 721 TTAATCAGTTGATTAATACTTGTAAGTGGATTACCAGAACTGAAGATGTATATCCAATAT 780 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 721 TTAATCAGTTGATTAATACTTGTAAGTGGATTACCAGAACTGAAGATGTATATCCAATAT 780 Qy 781 GTACTTTGTATCATGTGAATGATATTCCTGTAATTGATAGTTAATAATGAATATTTGTTT 840 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 781 GTACTTTGTATCATGTGAATGATATTCCTGTAATTGATAGTTAATAATGAATATTTGTTT 840 Qy 841 TTTGATCAAACACATGTATTGATAAATATATTATTTTTAATTACTCTGCGAAGCTATATG 900 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 841 TTTGATCAAACACATGTATTGATAAATATATTATTTTTAATTACTCTGCGAAGCTATATG 900 Qy 901 TCTAGGCCCAATAGGCCCAAATGCTCTTAAGCCCAATGAAATTAACACTGAAGTGAGTCA 960 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 901 TCTAGGCCCAATAGGCCCAAATGCTCTTAAGCCCAATGAAATTAACACTGAAGTGAGTCA 960 Qy 961 GCTGACGTCAGCTGACTCCTTGATGACGTA 990 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 961 GCTGACGTCAGCTGACTCCTTGATGACGTA 990 Zhang et al. also describes primers to amplify and detect presence of a nanovirus nucleotide sequences (page 2437, right column, last para; and page 2438, left column, first para; Suppl. Table S2). Before the effective filling date, it would have been obvious to an ordinarily skilled artisan to use the composition comprising suitable primers along with other required reagents to diagnose/detect the presence or absence of a polynucleotide sequence of the nanoviral genome as described by Lal et al. and Zhang et al. Before the effective filling of the invention, an ordinarily skilled artisan would have been motivated to use a composition comprising specific primers and other reagents to diagnose or detect the presence or absence of any specific genomic nucleotide sequence of a nanovirus. Regarding claim 8, Lal et al. (page 1027, right column, para 2, line 12-18) and Zhang et al. (page 2437, right column last para; p 2438, left column, first para; Suppln. Table S2) describe primers that can detect DNA-R sequence. Lal et al. describes a DNA-R sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 9, as shown below. RESULT 1 MK726377 LOCUS MK726377 1002 bp DNA linear VRL 01-MAY-2020 DEFINITION Milk vetch dwarf virus isolate YS-AA-1 segment R, complete sequence. ACCESSION MK726377 VERSION MK726377.1 SOURCE Milk vetch dwarf virus ORGANISM Milk vetch dwarf virus Viruses; Monodnaviria; Shotokuvirae; Cressdnaviricota; Arfiviricetes; Mulpavirales; Nanoviridae; Nanovirus. REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 1002) AUTHORS Lal,A., Kil,E.-J., Byun,H.-S., Zarghami,S.D., Kim,J.-K. and Lee,S. TITLE Milk vetch dwarf virus R segment isolate Korea JOURNAL Unpublished REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 1002) AUTHORS Lal,A., Kil,E.-J., Byun,H.-S., Zarghami,S.D., Kim,J.-K. and Lee,S. TITLE Direct Submission JOURNAL Submitted (29-MAR-2019) Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..1002 /organism="Milk vetch dwarf virus" /mol_type="genomic DNA" /isolate="YS-AA-1" /host="Carica papaya" /db_xref="taxon:67585" /segment="R" /geo_loc_name="South Korea" /collection_date="Sep-2017" CDS 120..980 /note="Rep" /codon_start=1 /product="Rep Protein" /protein_id="QHA79702.1" /translation="MARQVICWCFTLNNPLSPLVLHESMKYLVYQREQGEAGNIHFQG YIEMKKRTSLAGMKRLVPGAHFEKMRVNQDQAKAYAMKEDTRLEGPWEYGEFIPTIED KLREVMNDMKITGKRPIEYIEECCNTYDKSASTLREFRGELKKKKAILSWELQRKPWM DEVDTLLQERDGRRIIWVYGPQGGEGKTSYAKHLVKTRDAFYSTGGKTADIAFAWDHQ ELVLFDFPRSFEEYVNYGVIEQLKNGIIQSGKYQSVIKYSDYVEVIVFANFTPRSGMF SDDRIVYVYA Query Match 100.0%; Score 1002; Length 1002; Best Local Similarity 100.0%; Matches 1002; Conservative 0; Mismatches 0; Indels 0; Gaps 0; Qy 1 CTGGGGCGGGGCTTAGTATTACCCCCGCCCCAGGATCAGCGGAGTCATCACGTGACCCGC 60 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 1 CTGGGGCGGGGCTTAGTATTACCCCCGCCCCAGGATCAGCGGAGTCATCACGTGACCCGC 60 Qy 61 ACATGCCTTTAGTCTATATATAGCCCAAGTTGTAATATTTTATCATTCATCAATAAAATA 120 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 61 ACATGCCTTTAGTCTATATATAGCCCAAGTTGTAATATTTTATCATTCATCAATAAAATA 120 Qy 121 TGGCTCGGCAAGTTATATGCTGGTGCTTTACATTAAATAATCCTCTCTCTCCTCTAGTTC 180 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 121 TGGCTCGGCAAGTTATATGCTGGTGCTTTACATTAAATAATCCTCTCTCTCCTCTAGTTC 180 Qy 181 TTCATGAATCAATGAAGTACCTTGTTTATCAAAGAGAACAAGGTGAAGCTGGAAATATTC 240 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 181 TTCATGAATCAATGAAGTACCTTGTTTATCAAAGAGAACAAGGTGAAGCTGGAAATATTC 240 Qy 241 ATTTCCAGGGTTATATTGAGATGAAGAAACGCACGTCTCTTGCAGGTATGAAGCGATTAG 300 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 241 ATTTCCAGGGTTATATTGAGATGAAGAAACGCACGTCTCTTGCAGGTATGAAGCGATTAG 300 Qy 301 TTCCAGGAGCCCATTTTGAGAAAATGAGGGTAAACCAAGACCAGGCTAAGGCTTACGCTA 360 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 301 TTCCAGGAGCCCATTTTGAGAAAATGAGGGTAAACCAAGACCAGGCTAAGGCTTACGCTA 360 Qy 361 TGAAGGAAGACACCCGTCTTGAAGGTCCATGGGAGTATGGGGAGTTCATCCCCACCATTG 420 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 361 TGAAGGAAGACACCCGTCTTGAAGGTCCATGGGAGTATGGGGAGTTCATCCCCACCATTG 420 Qy 421 AAGATAAGCTCAGGGAAGTTATGAACGACATGAAGATTACAGGTAAGAGACCTATTGAGT 480 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 421 AAGATAAGCTCAGGGAAGTTATGAACGACATGAAGATTACAGGTAAGAGACCTATTGAGT 480 Qy 481 ATATAGAAGAGTGCTGTAATACATACGATAAATCTGCAAGTACTCTAAGGGAGTTCAGAG 540 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 481 ATATAGAAGAGTGCTGTAATACATACGATAAATCTGCAAGTACTCTAAGGGAGTTCAGAG 540 Qy 541 GTGAGTTGAAGAAGAAGAAGGCAATTTTAAGTTGGGAGTTGCAGAGGAAGCCATGGATGG 600 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 541 GTGAGTTGAAGAAGAAGAAGGCAATTTTAAGTTGGGAGTTGCAGAGGAAGCCATGGATGG 600 Qy 601 ACGAGGTCGATACCTTGCTTCAGGAGAGAGATGGAAGAAGAATCATTTGGGTGTATGGCC 660 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 601 ACGAGGTCGATACCTTGCTTCAGGAGAGAGATGGAAGAAGAATCATTTGGGTGTATGGCC 660 Qy 661 CACAAGGTGGAGAAGGGAAAACCTCTTACGCTAAGCATCTTGTGAAAACGCGTGATGCTT 720 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 661 CACAAGGTGGAGAAGGGAAAACCTCTTACGCTAAGCATCTTGTGAAAACGCGTGATGCTT 720 Qy 721 TTTATTCGACAGGTGGAAAGACAGCCGACATTGCTTTTGCGTGGGACCACCAAGAGTTAG 780 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 721 TTTATTCGACAGGTGGAAAGACAGCCGACATTGCTTTTGCGTGGGACCACCAAGAGTTAG 780 Qy 781 TGCTTTTCGACTTTCCTCGAAGCTTCGAGGAGTATGTTAATTATGGAGTAATAGAGCAAT 840 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 781 TGCTTTTCGACTTTCCTCGAAGCTTCGAGGAGTATGTTAATTATGGAGTAATAGAGCAAT 840 Qy 841 TAAAGAATGGGATTATCCAGTCTGGCAAGTACCAAAGTGTAATTAAGTATAGTGATTATG 900 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 841 TAAAGAATGGGATTATCCAGTCTGGCAAGTACCAAAGTGTAATTAAGTATAGTGATTATG 900 Qy 901 TGGAGGTGATTGTATTTGCTAATTTTACTCCGCGTAGCGGTATGTTTAGTGATGATAGGA 960 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 901 TGGAGGTGATTGTATTTGCTAATTTTACTCCGCGTAGCGGTATGTTTAGTGATGATAGGA 960 Qy 961 TTGTATATGTATATGCATGACGTCATATGATCCCGTGCTGAG 1002 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Db 961 TTGTATATGTATATGCATGACGTCATATGATCCCGTGCTGAG 1002 Regarding claim 9, Lal et al. describes the detecting agents comprising primers that specifically bind to nanovirus DNA-M (page 1027, right column, para 2, line 4) and DNA-C (page 1027, right column, para 2, line 13), and as described above. Regarding claim 10, Lal et al. describes primers that specifically bind to DNA-R and DNA-S (p. 1027, right column, para 2, line 4 and 13). Regarding claims 11-12, Lal et al. (p. 1027, right column, para 2) and Zhang et al. ((page 2437, right column, last para; and page 2438, left column, first para; Suppl. Table S2) describe a method, PCR, that can detect Nanovirus infection in terms of detecting presence or absence of SEQ ID NOs: 1-4, in plant derived samples, as described above. The method comprises contacting the diagnostic composition with a plant-derived sample and performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction; and detecting amplified nucleic acid. Regarding claim 13, Lal et al. (page 1027, right column, para 2, line 12-18) and Zhang et al. (page 2437, right column last para; p 2438, left column, first para; Suppln. Table S2) describe a method to detect DNA-R sequences and Lal et al. describes a DNA-R nucleotide sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 9, as shown above. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to JAY CHATTERJEE whose telephone number is (703)756-1329. The examiner can normally be reached (Mon - Fri) 8.30 am to 5.30 pm.. E
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Nov 29, 2023
Application Filed
Aug 08, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §103, §112 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12570986
SEC12-LIKE PROTEIN GENE CPU1 AND APPLICATION THEREOF IN IMPROVING SOYBEAN PHOSPHORUS EFFICIENCY
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Patent 12527270
PROMOTING REGENERATION AND TRANSFORMATION IN PLANTS
2y 5m to grant Granted Jan 20, 2026
Patent 12497630
USE OF SWEETPOTATO IBSAP15 GENE IN REGULATING LEAF SHAPE AND FLOWER SHAPE OF SWEETPOTATO
2y 5m to grant Granted Dec 16, 2025
Patent 12467059
RICE WHITE LEAF AND PANICLE GENE WLP3 AND APPLICATION THEREOF IN RICE STRESS RESISTANCE AND YIELD INCREASE
2y 5m to grant Granted Nov 11, 2025
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 4 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
82%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+40.0%)
2y 8m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 11 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month