Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/539,389

LINEAR OUTPUT DRIVER ARCHITECTURE FOR OPTICAL MODULATORS

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Dec 14, 2023
Examiner
O TOOLE, COLLEEN J
Art Unit
2849
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Cisco Technology Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
57%
Grant Probability
Moderate
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 3m
To Grant
68%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 57% of resolved cases
57%
Career Allow Rate
345 granted / 608 resolved
-11.3% vs TC avg
Moderate +12% lift
Without
With
+11.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 3m
Avg Prosecution
27 currently pending
Career history
635
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.3%
-39.7% vs TC avg
§103
57.6%
+17.6% vs TC avg
§102
31.9%
-8.1% vs TC avg
§112
8.8%
-31.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 608 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Election/Restrictions Claims 6-10, 15, 16, 20 and 21 are withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to a nonelected species, there being no allowable generic or linking claim. Election was made without traverse in the reply filed on November 12, 2025. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 1-5, 11-14 and 17-19 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Vashishtha (U.S. Patent 9,473,134) in view of Hsu et al. (U.S. Patent 11,177,774, hereafter Hsu). Claim 1: Vashishtha teaches an apparatus (Figure 5) comprising: a pre-driver circuit (502) configured to receive an analog input signal (IN) and amplify the analog input signal to generate at an output a pre-driver output signal (PD and ND); and an output driver circuit (504) having an input coupled to the output of the pre-driver circuit. Vashishtha does not specifically teach that the output driver comprises a first transistor and a second transistor, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are part of a translinear loop. Hsu teaches an output driver (Figures 3A, 4A and 5 connected to each input PD and ND of Vashishtha) wherein the output driver circuit comprises a first transistor (P1; Figure 5) and a second transistor (N1) connected in a common-drain class-AB push-pull configuration (to 133) and generates from the pre-driver output signal a driver output signal (Vo) to drive a capacitive load (load connected to Figure 5), wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are part of a translinear loop (via 310 and 410, shown in detail in Figures 3A and 4A where the loop comprises P1, P2 in 310, N2 in 410 and N1). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to use the output driver taught by Hsu in the circuit of Vashishtha to increase reliability of the circuit (column 1 lines 13-23 and column 6 lines 48-53). Claim 2: The combined circuit further teaches a third transistor (P2; Figure 3A of Hsu) and a fourth transistor (N2; Figure 4A of Hsu), a gate and a drain of the third transistor being directly connected to each other (Figure 3A), and a gate and a drain of the fourth transistor being directly connected to each other (Figure 4A). Claim 3: The combined circuit further teaches a first resistor-capacitor circuit (C2, R2; Figure 5 of Hsu) connected between the drain of the third transistor (via VB2) and the gate of the first transistor (via 132), and a second resistor-capacitor circuit (C1, R1) connected between the drain of the fourth transistor (via VB1) and the gate of the second transistor (via 131). Claim 4. The combined circuit further teaches a first capacitor (C2; Figure 5 of Hsu) coupled between the output of the pre-driver circuit (via VB2) and a gate of the first transistor (VIN) that corresponds to a first input of the output driver circuit, and a second capacitor (C1) coupled between the output of the pre-driver circuit (via VB1) and a gate of the second transistor that corresponds to a second input of the output driver circuit (VIN). Claim 5: The combined circuit further teaches that the third transistor and the fourth transistor are part of the pre-driver circuit (and also form part of the translinear loop (310 and 410; Figure 5 of Hsu where the output driver is 130 of Hsu). Claim 11: Vashishtha teaches an apparatus (Figure 5) comprising: a pre-driver circuit (502) configured to receive an analog input signal (IN) and amplify the analog input signal to generate at an output a pre-driver output signal (PD, ND); and an output driver circuit (504) having an input coupled to the output of the pre-driver circuit (PD, ND). Vashishtha does not specifically teach that the output driver comprises a first transistor and a second transistor. Hsu teaches an output driver (Figures 3A, 4A and 5 connected to each input PD and ND of Vashishtha) wherein the output driver circuit comprises a first transistor (P1; Figure 5) and a second transistor (N1) connected in a common-drain push-pull configuration (to 133) and generates from the pre-driver output signal a driver output signal (Vo) to drive a capacitive load (load connected to Figure 5). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to use the output driver taught by Hsu in the circuit of Vashishtha to increase reliability of the circuit (column 1 lines 13-23 and column 6 lines 48-53). Claim 12. The combined circuit further teaches a third transistor (P2; Figure 3A of Hsu) and a fourth transistor (N2; Figure 4A of Hsu), a gate and a drain of the third transistor being directly connected to each other (Figure 3A), and a gate and a drain of the fourth transistor being directly connected to each other (Figure 4A), wherein the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor and the fourth transistor form a translinear loop (via 310 and 410, shown in detail in Figures 3A and 4A where the loop comprises P1, P2 in 310, N2 in 410 and N1). Claim 13: The combined circuit further teaches a first resistor-capacitor circuit (C2, R2; Figure 5 of Hsu) connected between the drain of the third transistor (via VB2) and the gate of the first transistor (via 132), and a second resistor-capacitor circuit (C1, R1) connected between the drain of the fourth transistor (via VB1) and the gate of the second transistor (via 131). Claim 14: The combined circuit further teaches that the third transistor and the fourth transistor are part of the pre-driver circuit (and also form part of the translinear loop (310 and 410; Figure 5 of Hsu where the output driver is 130 of Hsu). Claim 17: The combined circuit further teaches a first capacitor (C2; Figure 5 of Hsu) coupled between the output of the pre-driver circuit (via VB2) and a gate of the first transistor (VIN) that corresponds to a first input of the output driver circuit, and a second capacitor (C1) coupled between the output of the pre-driver circuit (via VB1) and a gate of the second transistor that corresponds to a second input of the output driver circuit (VIN). Claim 18: Vashishtha teaches an apparatus (Figure 5) comprising: a pre-driver circuit (502) configured to receive an analog input signal (IN) and amplify the analog input signal to generate at an output a pre-driver output signal (PD, ND); and a output driver circuit (504). Vashishtha does not specifically teach that the output driver comprises a first transistor and a second transistor. Hsu teaches an output driver (Figures 3A, 4A and 5 connected to each input PD and ND of Vashishtha) wherein the output driver circuit comprises a first transistor (P1; Figure 5) and a second transistor (N1) connected in a common-drain push-pull configuration (to 133), each of the first transistor and the second transistor having a gate that is coupled to the output of the pre-driver circuit (via VIN). and generates from the pre-driver output signal a driver output signal (Vo) at an output corresponding to a node connected to a drain of the first transistor and to a drain of the first transistor (via Vo at 133). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to use the output driver taught by Hsu in the circuit of Vashishtha to increase reliability of the circuit (column 1 lines 13-23 and column 6 lines 48-53). Claim 19: The combined circuit further teaches a first capacitor (C2; Figure 5 of Hsu) connected between the output of the pre-driver circuit (via VIN) and the gate of the first transistor (P1), and a second capacitor (C1) connected between the output of the pre-driver circuit (via VIN) and the gate of the second transistor (N1). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to COLLEEN J O'TOOLE whose telephone number is (571)270-1273. The examiner can normally be reached Monday - Friday, 9:00 am - 6:00pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Menatoallah Youssef can be reached at (571)270-3684. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /C.J.O/Examiner, Art Unit 2849 /Menatoallah Youssef/SPE, Art Unit 2849
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Prosecution Timeline

Dec 14, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 10, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Apr 03, 2026
Interview Requested

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
57%
Grant Probability
68%
With Interview (+11.5%)
3y 3m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 608 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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