Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/545,040

IMAGE ENCODING/DECODING METHOD AND RECORDING MEDIUM THEREFOR

Non-Final OA §102§DP
Filed
Dec 19, 2023
Examiner
ABOUZAHRA, HESHAM K
Art Unit
2486
Tech Center
2400 — Computer Networks
Assignee
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE
OA Round
5 (Non-Final)
81%
Grant Probability
Favorable
5-6
OA Rounds
2y 5m
To Grant
83%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 81% — above average
81%
Career Allow Rate
324 granted / 402 resolved
+22.6% vs TC avg
Minimal +2% lift
Without
With
+2.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 5m
Avg Prosecution
39 currently pending
Career history
441
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
2.4%
-37.6% vs TC avg
§103
58.0%
+18.0% vs TC avg
§102
22.4%
-17.6% vs TC avg
§112
5.9%
-34.1% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 402 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §DP
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claims 1-4 have been amended. Claim 5 has been added. Claims 1-5 are pending for examination. Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114 A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on 12/18/2025 has been entered. Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments, filed 12/18/2025, with respect to the rejections of claims 1-4 under 35 U.S.C. 103 have been fully considered and are persuasive. The rejections of claims 1-4 has been withdrawn. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim 4 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by HEO (US 20180309983 A1). Regarding claim 4, … a bit stream generated by a/an … method, the method comprising… is a product by process claim limitation where the product is the bit stream and the process is the method steps to generate the bitstream. MPEP §2113 recites “Product-by-Process claims are not limited to the manipulations of the recited steps, only the structure implied by the steps”. Thus, the scope of the claim is the storage medium storing the bitstream (with the structure implied by the method steps). The structure includes the information and samples manipulated by the steps. “To be given patentable weight, the printed matter and associated product must be in a functional relationship. A functional relationship can be found where the printed matter performs some function with respect to the product to which it is associated”. MPEP §2111.05(I)(A). When a claimed “computer-readable medium merely serves as a support for information or data, no functional relationship exists. MPEP §2111.05(III). The storage medium storing the claimed bitstream in claim 4 merely services as a support for the storage of the bitstream and provides no fictional relationship between the stored bitstream and storage medium. Therefor the structure bitstream, which scope is implied by the method steps, is non-functional descriptive material and given no patentable weight. MPEP §2111.05(III). Thus, the claim scope is just a storage medium storing data and is anticipated by HEO which recites a storage medium storing a bitstream (Paragraph 0149). Double Patenting The nonstatutory double patenting rejection is based on a judicially created doctrine grounded in public policy (a policy reflected in the statute) so as to prevent the unjustified or improper timewise extension of the “right to exclude” granted by a patent and to prevent possible harassment by multiple assignees. A nonstatutory double patenting rejection is appropriate where the conflicting claims are not identical, but at least one examined application claim is not patentably distinct from the reference claim(s) because the examined application claim is either anticipated by, or would have been obvious over, the reference claim(s). See, e.g., In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 46 USPQ2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1998); In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 29 USPQ2d 2010 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Longi, 759 F.2d 887, 225 USPQ 645 (Fed. Cir. 1985); In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); In re Thorington, 418 F.2d 528, 163 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1969). A timely filed terminal disclaimer in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(c) or 1.321(d) may be used to overcome an actual or provisional rejection based on nonstatutory double patenting provided the reference application or patent either is shown to be commonly owned with the examined application, or claims an invention made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of a joint research agreement. See MPEP § 717.02 for applications subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA as explained in MPEP § 2159. See MPEP § 2146 et seq. for applications not subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . A terminal disclaimer must be signed in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(b). The filing of a terminal disclaimer by itself is not a complete reply to a nonstatutory double patenting (NSDP) rejection. A complete reply requires that the terminal disclaimer be accompanied by a reply requesting reconsideration of the prior Office action. Even where the NSDP rejection is provisional the reply must be complete. See MPEP § 804, subsection I.B.1. For a reply to a non-final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.111(a). For a reply to final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.113(c). A request for reconsideration while not provided for in 37 CFR 1.113(c) may be filed after final for consideration. See MPEP §§ 706.07(e) and 714.13. The USPTO Internet website contains terminal disclaimer forms which may be used. Please visit www.uspto.gov/patent/patents-forms. The actual filing date of the application in which the form is filed determines what form (e.g., PTO/SB/25, PTO/SB/26, PTO/AIA /25, or PTO/AIA /26) should be used. A web-based eTerminal Disclaimer may be filled out completely online using web-screens. An eTerminal Disclaimer that meets all requirements is auto-processed and approved immediately upon submission. For more information about eTerminal Disclaimers, refer to www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/applying-online/eterminal-disclaimer. Claims 1-5 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-5 of U.S. Patent No. 11895329. Although the claims at issue are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because instant claims 1-5 recite the same method for encoding/decoding a video with refining a first motion information and a second motion information based of a distortion calculated based on sum of absolute differences. Reasons for Allowance The following is an examiner’s statement of reasons for allowance: The present invention is directed to a method for video decoding that generates a merge candidate of a current block and derives a first and second motion information for a first and second reference picture list, respectively, from the merge candidate list of the current block. The combination of the prior art does not teach or suggest a specific implementation with the following distinct properties that include: refining the first motion information and the second motion information based on a distortion calculated based on sum of absolute differences (SAD). Closest prior art listed below either singularly or in combination, fail to anticipate or render the above limitations obvious. Lee (US 10986358 B2) teaches a method and the apparatus for encoding/decoding a video signal according to the present invention, the prediction block may be obtained by weighted sum of the first prediction block and the second prediction block. RAUT (US 20210195185 A1) teaches a method for coding a segment of an inter frame. The method includes partitioning, by a partitioning unit, a current frame into a plurality of segments. Further, the method includes coding, by a coding unit, a current spatial block at a boundary of a segment included among the plurality of segments by deriving at least one new temporal motion information predictor candidate from a reference frame. Lin (US 20150085932 A1) teaches a method and apparatus for deriving MVP (motion vector predictor) for Skip or Merge mode in 3D video coding, the method comprises determining an MVP candidate set for a selected block and selecting one MVP from an MVP list for motion vector coding of the block. The MVP candidate set may comprise multiple spatial MVP candidates associated with neighboring blocks and one inter-view candidate, and the MVP list is selected from the MVP candidate set. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to HESHAM K ABOUZAHRA whose telephone number is (571)270-0425. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 8-5. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Jamie Atala can be reached at 57127227384. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /HESHAM K ABOUZAHRA/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2486
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Prosecution Timeline

Dec 19, 2023
Application Filed
Aug 23, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §DP
Nov 13, 2024
Response Filed
Dec 14, 2024
Final Rejection — §102, §DP
Feb 11, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Mar 10, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Mar 21, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Apr 18, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §DP
Jul 14, 2025
Response Filed
Oct 20, 2025
Final Rejection — §102, §DP
Dec 18, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jan 23, 2026
Request for Continued Examination
Jan 29, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Feb 21, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §DP (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12594889
VEHICLE DISPLAY INCLUDING AN OFFSET CAMERA VIEW
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12593034
METHODS AND DEVICES FOR DECODER-SIDE INTRA MODE DERIVATION
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12593048
METHODS AND APPARATUS ON PREDICTION REFINEMENT WITH OPTICAL FLOW
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12587654
DETECTION OF AMOUNT OF JUDDER IN VIDEOS
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12581087
ENCODING METHOD, DECODING METHOD, BITSTREAM, ENCODER, DECODER AND STORAGE MEDIUM
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

5-6
Expected OA Rounds
81%
Grant Probability
83%
With Interview (+2.3%)
2y 5m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 402 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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