Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/548,663

BRAKE DISC FOR RAILWAY VEHICLE

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Sep 01, 2023
Examiner
KING, BRADLEY T
Art Unit
3616
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Nippon Steel Corporation
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
71%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 3m
To Grant
95%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 71% — above average
71%
Career Allow Rate
666 granted / 940 resolved
+18.9% vs TC avg
Strong +24% interview lift
Without
With
+24.4%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 3m
Avg Prosecution
53 currently pending
Career history
993
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.4%
-39.6% vs TC avg
§103
36.7%
-3.3% vs TC avg
§102
30.1%
-9.9% vs TC avg
§112
29.7%
-10.3% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 940 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Priority Receipt is acknowledged of certified copies of papers required by 37 CFR 1.55. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. (a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1, 5-6 and 13 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by GB 2 060 096. GB ‘096 disclose all the limitations of the instant claim including; a brake disc for a railway vehicle, comprising: a disc body 7 that has a front surface 19 and a back surface, the disc body being annular; and a plurality of fins (all or some of fins 30) that are radially disposed on the back surface, at least one of the fins having a bolt hole 21 at a central portion of the fin in a radial direction of the disc body, wherein the disc body includes an inner circumferential portion that is positioned inward from the bolt hole in the radial direction and decreases in thickness as the inner circumferential portion extends inward in the radial direction, and the fins each include: a top surface that extends in the radial direction; and a convex portion that, as viewed in a section of the brake disc cut in the radial direction, protrudes inward in the radial direction from an imaginary plane passing an end portion of the top surface and an inner circumferential edge of the back surface, the end portion being one of both end portions of the top surface, whichever is positioned inward in the radial direction. Note the annotated figure below. PNG media_image1.png 798 888 media_image1.png Greyscale Regarding claim 5, a length of the fin having the bolt hole in the radial direction is denoted by L0, and a length of the inner circumferential portion in the radial direction is denoted by L1, and L1/L0 is ¼ or less. Note the inner circumferential portion is significantly less the 1/4 the fin length. Regarding claims 6 and 13, the disc body further includes a plurality of projections (others of fins 30, or projections 34) on the back surface. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 3-4, 8-9, and 11-12 are is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over GB 2 060 096. Regarding claims 3-4, GB ‘096 further discloses that the inner circumferential portion has a tapered and curved surface that constitutes a part of the back surface and decreases in diameter as the surface extends toward the front side, and as viewed in a section of the brake disc cut in the radial direction, but lack an angle formed by the tapered surface with the front surface is 25° or more to 45° or less (claim 14) or an angle formed by a tangential line of the curved surface with the front surface is 25° or more to 45° or less, the tangential line having a largest gradient with respect to the front surface of tangential lines of the curved surface (claim 15). The angles of GB ‘096 appear to be very close to 45 degrees, however, specific angles are not disclosed. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to determine the optimum angle of the inner circumferential portion of GB ‘096 through routine design and/or experimentation to provide optimum air flow while ensuring adequate strength. Also note MPEP 2144.05(II)(A). Regarding claims 8-9, a length of the fin having the bolt hole in the radial direction is denoted by L0, and a length of the inner circumferential portion in the radial direction is denoted by L1, and L1/L0 is ¼ or less. Note the inner circumferential portion is significantly less the 1/4 the fin length. Regarding claims 11-12, the disc body further includes a plurality of projections (others of fins 30, or projections 34) on the back surface. Claims 2, 7, 10, and 14-19 are is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over GB 2 060 096 in view of Nogami et al (US# 2015/0247541). Regarding claim 2, GB ‘096 discloses all the limitations of the instant claim with exception to the fins having the bolt hole including grooves that are disposed outward and inward from the bolt hole in the radial direction and traverse the fin. Nogami et al disclose a similar brake disc and further teach grooves 5a/5b that are disposed outward and inward from a bolt hole 4 in the radial direction and traverse the fin. Figures 4a-c. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to include grooves such as taught by Nogami et al, in the fins of GB ‘096 to improve cooling performance and durability of the brake disc. [0046][0047] of Nogami et al. Regarding claim 7, a length of the fin having the bolt hole in the radial direction is denoted by L0, and a length of the inner circumferential portion in the radial direction is denoted by L1, and L1/L0 is ¼ or less. Note the inner circumferential portion is significantly less the 1/4 the fin length. Regarding claim 10, the disc body further includes a plurality of projections (others of fins 30, or projections 34) on the back surface. Regarding claims 14-15, GB ‘096 further discloses that the inner circumferential portion has a tapered and curved surface that constitutes a part of the back surface and decreases in diameter as the surface extends toward the front side, and as viewed in a section of the brake disc cut in the radial direction, but lack an angle formed by the tapered surface with the front surface is 25° or more to 45° or less (claim 14) or an angle formed by a tangential line of the curved surface with the front surface is 25° or more to 45° or less, the tangential line having a largest gradient with respect to the front surface of tangential lines of the curved surface (claim 15). The angles of GB ‘096 appear to be very close to 45 degrees, however, specific angles are not disclosed. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to determine the optimum angle of the inner circumferential portion of GB ‘096 through routine design and/or experimentation to provide optimum air flow while ensuring adequate strength. Also note MPEP 2144.05(II)(A). Regarding claims 16-17, a length of the fin having the bolt hole in the radial direction is denoted by L0, and a length of the inner circumferential portion in the radial direction is denoted by L1, and L1/L0 is ¼ or less. Note the inner circumferential portion is significantly less the 1/4 the fin length. Regarding claims 18-19, the disc body further includes a plurality of projections (others of fins 30, or projections 34) on the back surface. Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to BRADLEY T KING whose telephone number is (571)272-7117. The examiner can normally be reached 10:30-5:00 PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Robert Siconolfi can be reached at 571 272-7124. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /BRADLEY T KING/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3616 BTK
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Sep 01, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 10, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12600332
Vehicle Braking System
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12600334
ELECTRONIC BRAKE DEVICE
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12600337
HYDRAULIC BRAKE APPARATUS FOR VEHICLE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREFOR
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12601385
SHOCK ABSORBER
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12600338
AIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REUSING EXHAUSTED AIR
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
71%
Grant Probability
95%
With Interview (+24.4%)
3y 3m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 940 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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