Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/558,908

INHIBITORS OF SARS-COV-2

Non-Final OA §102§112
Filed
Nov 03, 2023
Examiner
JACKSON, SHAWQUIA
Art Unit
1626
Tech Center
1600 — Biotechnology & Organic Chemistry
Assignee
The Texas A&M University System
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
78%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 5m
To Grant
74%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 78% — above average
78%
Career Allow Rate
1410 granted / 1810 resolved
+17.9% vs TC avg
Minimal -3% lift
Without
With
+-3.4%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 5m
Avg Prosecution
29 currently pending
Career history
1839
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
2.0%
-38.0% vs TC avg
§103
7.1%
-32.9% vs TC avg
§102
19.3%
-20.7% vs TC avg
§112
52.2%
+12.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1810 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §112
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . DETAILED ACTION Claims 1-12, 19, 27, 34-37, 39 and 41 are currently pending in the instant application. Applicants have amended claims 3-11, 34-37, 39 and 41 and canceled claims 12-18, 20-26, 28-33, 38, 40 and 42 in an amendment filed on November 3, 2023. Claims 1-6, 8-10, 12, 19, 27, 34, 36 and 37 are rejected and claims 7, 11, 35, 39 and 41 are objected in this Office Action I. Priority The instant application is a 371 of PCT/US2022/027690, filed on May 4, 2022 which claims benefit of US Provisional Applications 63/183,642, filed on May 4, 2021 and 63/292,844, filed on December 22, 2021. II. Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statements (IDS) submitted on February 9, 2025 and November 3, 2023 is in compliance with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97. Accordingly, the information disclosure statements have been considered by the examiner. III. Rejections Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless - (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-6, 8, 9, 10 and 36 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by PubChem SID 105686805 (2019, modified May 31, 2019). The instant invention claims PNG media_image1.png 780 709 media_image1.png Greyscale PNG media_image2.png 42 622 media_image2.png Greyscale The PubChem SID 105686805 reference teaches piperazine derivatives such as PNG media_image3.png 346 313 media_image3.png Greyscale (See page 2) wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are both phenyl substituted with F; X is PNG media_image4.png 48 99 media_image4.png Greyscale ; Y is -CO- and R is pyridine substituted with Cl. This species of compound anticipates the genus compound of the instant invention, wherein the genus structure and its definitions are stated above. Claims 1-6, 8, 9, 10, 19 and 36 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Tuo, et al. (J. Med. Chem. 2017, 60, 4-46). The instant invention claims PNG media_image1.png 780 709 media_image1.png Greyscale PNG media_image2.png 42 622 media_image2.png Greyscale The Tuo, et al. reference teaches piperazine derivatives such as PNG media_image5.png 164 164 media_image5.png Greyscale (See compound 144, page 33) wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are both phenyl substituted with F; X is PNG media_image4.png 48 99 media_image4.png Greyscale ; Y is -CO- and R is triazole. This species of compound anticipates the genus compound of the instant invention, wherein the genus structure and its definitions are stated above. Claim 12 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Suzuki (JP 33007269 (abstract), Accession No. 1960:11518, ZCAPLUS). The instant invention claims PNG media_image6.png 542 788 media_image6.png Greyscale PNG media_image7.png 68 713 media_image7.png Greyscale The Suzuki reference teaches piperidine derivatives such as PNG media_image8.png 227 371 media_image8.png Greyscale (See RN 114399-88-1) wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are both phenyl; Y is -CH2- and R is phenyl. This species of compound anticipates the genus compound of the instant invention, wherein the genus structure and its definitions are stated above. Claim 12 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Wheeler, et al. (US 2898339 (abstract), Accession No. 1960:2347, ZCAPLUS). The instant invention claims PNG media_image6.png 542 788 media_image6.png Greyscale PNG media_image7.png 68 713 media_image7.png Greyscale The Wheeler, et al. reference teaches piperidine derivatives such as PNG media_image9.png 234 346 media_image9.png Greyscale (See RN 113649-78-8) wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are both phenyl; Y is -CO- and R is pyridine. This species of compound anticipates the genus compound of the instant invention, wherein the genus structure and its definitions are stated above. Claim 19 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by van der Stelt (BE 616905 (abstract), Accession No. 1963:20790, ZCAPLUS). The instant invention claims PNG media_image10.png 793 784 media_image10.png Greyscale PNG media_image11.png 701 779 media_image11.png Greyscale PNG media_image7.png 68 713 media_image7.png Greyscale The van der Stelt reference teaches piperazine derivatives such as PNG media_image12.png 224 368 media_image12.png Greyscale (See RN 1249-94-1) wherein the compound has the formula PNG media_image13.png 159 156 media_image13.png Greyscale and X is PNG media_image14.png 50 102 media_image14.png Greyscale ; R1-R4 are hydrogen; Y is -CH2- and R is phenyl. This species of compound anticipates the genus compound of the instant invention, wherein the genus structure and its definitions are stated above. Claim 27 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Morren (BE 501277 (abstract), Accession No. 1955:12384, ZCAPLUS). The instant invention claims PNG media_image15.png 160 547 media_image15.png Greyscale PNG media_image16.png 550 767 media_image16.png Greyscale The Morren reference teaches piperidine derivatives such as PNG media_image17.png 215 373 media_image17.png Greyscale (See RN 1129281-18-0) wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are both phenyl; X is PNG media_image18.png 46 89 media_image18.png Greyscale ; Y is -CH2- and R is phenyl substituted with methyl. This species of compound anticipates the genus compound of the instant invention, wherein the genus structure and its definitions are stated above. Claim 27 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Pelcman, et al. (WO 9828270 (abstract), Accession No. 1998:479507, ZCAPLUS). The instant invention claims PNG media_image15.png 160 547 media_image15.png Greyscale PNG media_image16.png 550 767 media_image16.png Greyscale The Pelcman reference teaches piperidine derivatives such as PNG media_image19.png 327 448 media_image19.png Greyscale (See RN 209902-08-9) wherein Ar1 is phenyl substituted with a dialkylaminocarbonyl and Ar2 is naphthyl; X is PNG media_image18.png 46 89 media_image18.png Greyscale ; Y is -CH2- and R is phenyl. This species of compound anticipates the genus compound of the instant invention, wherein the genus structure and its definitions are stated above. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of the second paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 112: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claim 9 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Regarding claim 9, the phrase "e.g., a 5-7 membered ring" renders the claim indefinite because it is unclear whether the limitation(s) following the phrase are part of the claimed invention. See MPEP § 2173.05(d). Applicants are suggested to amend claim 9 by deleting the phrase "e.g., a 5-7 membered ring" to overcome the rejection. Claim 9 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 9 recites the limitation “wherein R is a 5-10 membered ring” which is dependent on claim 1. However, claim 1 can only be an “aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or cycloheteroalkyl” and does not use the language “a ring”. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. Applicants are suggested to amend claim 9 to incorporate the language used in claim 1 so that it is consistent and has sufficient antecedent basis to overcome the rejection. Claim 34 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Specifically, the limitation in claim 34 which is drawn to “wherein the compound is described in Table 1” do not clearly define the structure or name of each compound. The examiner must refer to the specification to find the structures of the various compounds being referred in claim 34. A claim referring to the specification is improper except in rare instances and fails to particularly point out the subject matter that applicant regards as the invention. Ex parte Fressola, 27 USPQ 2d 1608 (1993). To overcome the rejection, Applicants need to insert the structures of each compound disclosed in claim 34 which are found in Table 1 of the specification. Claim 37 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 37 contains the limitation “derivative”. However, Applicants have failed to define the term “derivative” so that one of ordinary skill in the art would know what structures are included and/or excluded by the term. Therefore, the claim is considered indefinite. Applicants are suggested to amend claim 37 by deleting the term “derivative” to overcome the rejection. IV. Objections Dependent Claim Objections Dependent Claims 7, 11, 35, 39 and 41 are also objected to as being dependent upon a rejected based claim. To overcome this objection, Applicant should rewrite said claims in an independent form and include the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claim. Claim Objection Claim 1 is objected to because of the following informalities: containing 2 periods. The first period after the word “below” should be deleted. Each claim begins with a capital letter and ends with a period (MPEP 608.01 (m)). Appropriate correction is required. Claim 19 is objected to because of the following informalities: the phrase “A compound defined by any of Formula” should read “A compound defined by any one of Formula”. Appropriate correction is required. Claim 35 is objected to because of the following informalities: the phrase “wherein the compound is…” should read “wherein the compound is selected from a group consisting of” and then insert the term “and” in between the last two structures of the claim. Appropriate correction is required. V. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Shawquia Jackson whose telephone number is 571-272-9043. The examiner can normally be reached on 7:00 AM-3:30PM. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner's supervisor, Adam Milligan can be reached on 571-270-7674. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). /SHAWQUIA JACKSON/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1626
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Nov 03, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 21, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
78%
Grant Probability
74%
With Interview (-3.4%)
2y 5m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1810 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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