DETAILED ACTION
This communication is in response to the claims filed on 10/14/2023.
Application No: 18/560,864
The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA .
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status
In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U. S. C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U. S. C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status.
Claim Objections
Claim 9 (and similarly claim 24) is objected to because of the following informalities. Claim uses “an alternative to” term. This term equivalent to the logical “OR” term. Multiple “ORs” in a claim makes claim very broad without determining which path is executing to product the invention. It is recommended to submit the claim with limiting use of multiple “OR” in a claim.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103
The following is a quotation of 35 U. S. C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action:
A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102 of this title, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made.
The factual inquiries set forth in Graham v. John Deere Co. , 383 U. S. 1, 148 USPQ 459 (1966), that are applied for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U. S. C. 103 are summarized as follows:
1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art.
2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue.
3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art.
4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness.
Claims 1-5, 7-20 and 22-30 are rejected under 35 U. S. C. 103 as being unpatentable over RAGHAVAN et al. ( US 20210136598 A1) in view of LIDejian et al. ( US 20190288760 A1).
Regarding claim 1, RAGHAVAN teaches a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) ([0006], Fig. 8, e.g. a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) are provided. The method may include detecting, at the UE, an antenna array change condition. The method may include transmitting, from the UE, a request for beam training for an antenna array configuration in response to the detecting. The method may include receiving, from a base station, an indication of an antenna array configuration for the UE), comprising:
receiving, from a base station, a first indication that the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) communications from the base station ([0065], e.g. The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110 (i.e. a first indication that the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO)). There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102′ may have a coverage area 110′ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102, … The communication links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity (i.e. the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) from the base station). [0101 FIG. 8 is a message diagram 800 illustrating example processes and messages for dynamically changing an active antenna configuration of a UE 104. Initially, the UE 104 may communicate messages 810 with the base station 102 according to a first antenna configuration (i.e. the communication received by the UE implicitly discloses an indication that the UE is within the coverage area of the Basestation and therefore within a threshold distance of the communication from the basestation));
communicating with the base station via signaling that comprises a second indication of antenna panel information of at least one of the UE or the base station, the signaling transmitted by the UE or received at the UE based at least in part on the UE being within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications from the base station ([0103], Fig. 8. Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B, e.g. In response to detecting an antenna configuration change condition in process block 820, the UE 104 may transmit a request message 830 requesting beam training for an antenna array configuration, … the request message 830 may be referred to as an antenna array configuration change request message. In an aspect, the antenna array configuration may include an indication of beam weights to use with the requested antenna array configuration. For example, the UE 104 may select the beam weights based on measurements of reference signals received during communication with the current antenna array configuration (i.e. communicating with the basestation via signaling that comprises a second indication of antenna panel information, hence this communication between UE and basestation implicitly based on fact that the UE is in the coverage area of the basestation and therefore within the threshold distance of the communicating basestation));
receiving, from the base station, a first beamformed signal on one or more first beams within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications ([0103], e.g. Beam training may refer to a process in which the UE 104 and the base station 102 communicate using different beams in order to select a beam for future communications. For example, the base station 102 may transmit reference signals using different beams, and the UE may feedback a selected beam and/or measurements of the different beams. The request message 830 may indicate a requested antenna array configuration (e.g., one of active antenna configurations 510, 520, 610, 620, 630). [0105] At process block 850, the UE 104 may perform beam training for the requested antenna array configuration. That is, the UE 104 may change to the requested antenna array configuration as a new active antenna configuration (i.e. receiving, from the base station, a first beamformed signal within the distance threshold of the MIMO and change to the new active antenna configuration)); and
receiving, from the base station, one or more second beamformed signals on a second beam within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications ([0105], e.g. The UE 104 may measure each of the reference signals 860 using the new active antenna configuration to determine a best beam. For example, the best beam may be a beam used to transmit the one of the reference signals 860 having a best reference signal received power (RSRP). The UE 104 may transmit a beam training message 870 including a beam index of the best beam and a the RSRP of the best beam. Accordingly, the base station 102 may select the best beam to use for communication with the UE 104. [0103] In response to detecting an antenna configuration change condition in process block 820, the UE 104 may transmit a request message 830 requesting beam training for an antenna array configuration. Beam training may refer to a process in which the UE 104 and the base station 102 communicate using different beams in order to select a beam for future communications. For example, the base station 102 may transmit reference signals using different beams, and the UE may feedback a selected beam and/or measurements of the different beams (i.e. receiving, from the base station, one or more second beamformed signals on a second beam within the distance threshold of the MIMO)).
RAGHAVAN teaches methods for dynamic antenna array reconfiguration and signaling in millimeter wave bands. A user equipment (UE) may detect an antenna array change condition. The UE may transmit a request for beam training for an antenna array configuration in response to the detecting.
However RAGHAVAN differs from the claimed invention in not specifically and clearly describing wherein
the second beam is based at least in part on a channel response matrix that is estimated from at least the second indication and the first beamformed signal.
However, in the analogous field of endeavor, LIDejian teaches wherein
the second beam is based at least in part on a channel response matrix that is estimated from at least the second indication and the first beamformed signal ([0143], e.g. the measurement result of the BF training may further include other CSI or information correlated to an antenna, a beam, and a channel used for the BF training. For example, the other CSI information includes a channel impulse response (in a case of single-input single-output) of each channel or a channel matrix of each channel (in a case of MIMO). [0144] The method 200 may be applied to the scenario shown in FIG. 4, and certainly, may also be applied to another communication scenario. [0146] S210: A second device generates BF training request information, where the BF training request information includes antenna configuration information of the BF training and channel configuration information for performing the BF training on at least one channel (i.e. the method apply to a communication scenario comprising the second beam is based at least in part on a channel response matrix)).
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention to implement the method of LIDejian within the method of RAGHAVAN. The motivation to combine references is that the combined method provides a beamforming (BF) training method. Further, specifically, the first feedback information may further include modulation and coding scheme information of a channel corresponding to an antenna on which the BF training is performed, for subsequent channel selection based on the modulation and coding scheme information of the channel, and the like, to increase feedback accuracy, and improve efficiency of subsequent information or data transmission (See LIDejian [abstract, 0119]).
Regarding claim 2, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 1. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein communicating with the base station via the signaling further comprises: receiving the second indication of the antenna panel information from the base station, the antenna panel information being for one or more transmit panels of the base station ([0099], e.g. Turning to FIG. 7, a conceptual diagram 700 includes beams 710 transmitted from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The beams 710 may be the result of different antenna configurations at the base station 102, which may typically include a large antenna array for beam steering (i.e. receiving the second indication of the antenna panel information from the base station,). For example, the beams 710 may include a first beam 710a that is relatively narrow and a second beam 710b that is relatively wide. The base station 102 may control beam weights to steer the beams 710 in a particular direction. For example, a channel may include multiple paths 720 (e.g., paths 720a-720e) between the base station 102 and the UE 104).
Regarding claim 3, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 2. LIDejian further teaches wherein further comprising: estimating the channel response matrix based at least in part on the antenna panel information from the base station and the first beamformed signal ([0143], e.g. It should be understood that, the measurement result of the BF training may further include other CSI or information correlated to an antenna (i.e. antenna panel information), a beam (i.e. the first beamformed signal), and a channel used for the BF training. For example, the other CSI information includes a channel impulse response (in a case of single-input single-output) of each channel or a channel matrix of each channel (in a case of MIMO). [0146] S210: A second device generates BF training request information, where the BF training request information includes antenna configuration information of the BF training and channel configuration information for performing the BF training on at least one channel).
The motivation to combine reference of LIDejian within the method of RAGHAVAN before the effective filing date of the invention is that the new method provides techniques that this application provides a beamforming training method, a receiving device, and a sending device, to map a transmit antenna (a transmit chain), a transmit sector (a transmit beam), and a channel in a beamforming BF training feedback to an SNR/an MCS/CSI of a receive chain, thereby learning of a maximum channel capacity from the feedback, and obtaining an optimal MIMO antenna configuration and channel configuration (See LIDejian [0007])).
Regarding claim 4, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 2. LIDejian further teaches wherein further comprising: determining the second beam based at least in part on the channel response matrix estimated from the antenna panel information from the base station and the first beamformed signal ([0143], e.g. It should be understood that, the measurement result of the BF training may further include other CSI (i.e. channel response matrix estimated from the antenna panel information ) or information correlated to an antenna, a beam (i.e. the first beamformed signal), and a channel used for the BF training. For example, the other CSI information includes a channel impulse response (in a case of single-input single-output) of each channel or a channel matrix of each channel (in a case of MIMO). [0146] S210: A second device generates BF training request information, where the BF training request information includes antenna configuration information of the BF training and channel configuration information for performing the BF training on at least one channel).
The motivation to combine reference of LIDejian within the method of RAGHAVAN before the effective filing date of the invention is that the new method provides techniques that this application provides a beamforming training method, a receiving device, and a sending device, to map a transmit antenna (a transmit chain), a transmit sector (a transmit beam), and a channel in a beamforming BF training feedback to an SNR/an MCS/CSI of a receive chain, thereby learning of a maximum channel capacity from the feedback, and obtaining an optimal MIMO antenna configuration and channel configuration (See LIDejian [0007])).
Regarding claim 5, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 2. LIDejian further teaches wherein further comprising: transmitting, to the base station, a report indicating the channel response matrix estimated by the UE based at least in part on the antenna panel information from the base station and the first beamformed signal ([0143], e.g. It should be understood that, the measurement (i.e. measurement report ) result of the BF training may further include other CSI (i.e. channel response matrix estimated from the antenna panel information ) or information correlated to an antenna, a beam (i.e. the first beamformed signal), and a channel used for the BF training. For example, the other CSI information includes a channel impulse response (in a case of single-input single-output) of each channel or a channel matrix of each channel (in a case of MIMO)).
The motivation to combine reference of LIDejian within the method of RAGHAVAN before the effective filing date of the invention is that the new method provides techniques that this application provides a beamforming training method, a receiving device, and a sending device, to map a transmit antenna (a transmit chain), a transmit sector (a transmit beam), and a channel in a beamforming BF training feedback to an SNR/an MCS/CSI of a receive chain, thereby learning of a maximum channel capacity from the feedback, and obtaining an optimal MIMO antenna configuration and channel configuration (See LIDejian [0007])).
Regarding claim 7, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 1. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein communicating with the base station via the signaling further comprises: transmitting the second indication of the antenna panel information from the UE to the base station, the antenna panel information being for one or more receive panels of the UE ([0103], Fig. 8. Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B, e.g. In response to detecting an antenna configuration change condition in process block 820, the UE 104 may transmit a request message 830 requesting beam training for an antenna array configuration, … the request message 830 may be referred to as an antenna array configuration change request message. In an aspect, the antenna array configuration may include an indication of beam weights to use with the requested antenna array configuration. For example, the UE 104 may select the beam weights based on measurements of reference signals received during communication with the current antenna array configuration (i.e. communicating a second indication of antenna panel information, hence this communication between UE and basestation implicitly based on fact that the UE is in the coverage area of the basestation and therefore within the threshold distance of the communicating basestation));
Regarding claim 8, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 1. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein receiving the first indication that the UE is within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications from the base station further comprises: receiving the first indication in a system information message or via a unicast or multicast message ([0080], FIG. 2B, e.g. FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame , … The physical broadcast channel (PBCH), which carries a master information block (MIB), may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS)/PBCH block. The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages (I.e. receiving the first indication in a system information message).[0083] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, …The controller/processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs), … , and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting)).
Regarding claim 9, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 1. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein further comprising: receiving the first indication that the UE is within the distance threshold of MIMO communications from the base station is an alternative to receiving notice that the UE is outside of the distance threshold of the MIMO communications from the base station ([0065], e.g. The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110 (i.e. a first indication that the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO)). There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 (i.e. if the UE is not being able to decode the received communication it determines that it is outside of the coverage area of the basestation)).
Regarding claim 10, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 1. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein receiving the first beamformed signal on the one or more first beams within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications comprises:
receiving the first beamformed signal as a beamformed data signal or a reference signal ([0103], e.g. Beam training may refer to a process in which the UE 104 and the base station 102 communicate using different beams in order to select a beam for future communications. For example, the base station 102 may transmit reference signals using different beams, and the UE may feedback a selected beam and/or measurements of the different beams. [0105] At process block 850, the UE 104 may perform beam training for the requested antenna array configuration. That is, the UE 104 may change to the requested antenna array configuration as a new active antenna configuration. The UE 104 may measure each of the reference signals 860 using the new active antenna configuration to determine a best beam (I.e. receiving the first beamformed signal within the distance threshold of the MIMO)).
Regarding claim 11, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 1. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein receiving the first beamformed signal on the one or more first beams within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications comprises:
taking measurements of the first beamformed signal on the one or more first beams, wherein a number of beams on which the measurements are taken is greater than a number of reflectors between the UE and the base station, and wherein the one or more first beams are beams directed towards the UE, randomly-directed beams, or both ([0099], e.g. Turning to FIG. 7, a conceptual diagram 700 includes beams 710 transmitted from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The beams 710 may be the result of different antenna configurations at the base station 102, which may typically include a large antenna array for beam steering. For example, the beams 710 may include a first beam 710a that is relatively narrow and a second beam 710b that is relatively wide. The base station 102 may control beam weights to steer the beams 710 in a particular direction. … [0103], Fig. 8, For example, the UE 104 may select the beam weights based on measurements of reference signals received during communication with the current antenna array configuration. For example, the beam weights may be based on a prediction of a best beam to use with the requested antenna array configuration. The beam weights may be indicated as a codebook entry, for example, from a codebook defined in a standard, a regulation, or a signaled configuration (i.e. taking measurements of the first beamformed signal on the one or more first beams, wherein a number of beams on which the measurements are taken is greater than a number of reflectors between the UE and the base station)).
Regarding claim 12, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 1. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein the antenna panel information is for either one or more transmit panels of the base station or one or more receive panels of the UE, and wherein the antenna panel information comprises a panel length, a number of antennas per panel, positions of the antennas per panel, or a combination thereof ([103], Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B (510, 520), e.g. The request message 830 may indicate a requested antenna array configuration (e.g., one of active antenna configurations 510, 520, 610, 620, 630). [0103] For example, the requested antenna array configuration may be based on the detected antenna array change condition. the antenna panel information is for either one or more transmit panels In an aspect, the antenna array configuration may include an indication of beam weights to use with the requested antenna array configuration. For example, the UE 104 may select the beam weights based on measurements of reference signals received during communication with the current antenna array configuration (i.e. the antenna panel information is for either one or more transmit panels).
Regarding claim 13, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 1. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein communicating with the base station via the signaling further comprises: communicating the second indication of the antenna panel information during a connection setup procedure between the base station and the UE or after a change in either a transmit panel of the base station or a receive panel of the UE ([0102], e.g. the UE 104 may detect an antenna configuration change condition. The antenna configuration change condition may be based on one or more of: beamwidth change, power or thermal considerations, or support for more RF chains with hybrid beamforming .[0103] In response to detecting an antenna configuration change condition in process block 820, the UE 104 may transmit a request message 830 requesting beam training for an antenna array configuration. Beam training may refer to a process in which the UE 104 and the base station 102 communicate using different beams in order to select a beam for future communications (i.e. communicating the second indication of the antenna panel information during a connection setup)).
Regarding claim 14, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 1. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein communicating with the base station via the signaling further comprises: communicating, with the antenna panel information, beamforming weight information indicative of beamforming weights used either by the base station to transmit the first beamformed signal or by the UE to receive the first beamformed signal ([0103], e.g. In an aspect, the antenna array configuration may include an indication of beam weights to use with the requested antenna array configuration. For example, the UE 104 may select the beam weights based on measurements of reference signals received during communication with the current antenna array configuration. For example, the beam weights may be based on a prediction of a best beam to use with the requested antenna array configuration (i.e. communicating, with the antenna panel information, beamforming weight information indicative of beamforming weights)).
Regarding claim 15, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 1. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein the beamforming weight information includes one or more indices of codewords that represent the beamforming weights, and wherein each of the beamforming weights is associated with one of the one or more first beams ([0103], e.g. The beam weights may be indicated as a codebook entry, for example, from a codebook defined in a standard, a regulation, or a signaled configuration (i.e. the beamforming weight information includes indices of codewords)).
Regarding claim 16, RAGHAVAN teaches a method for wireless communication at a base station ([0006], Fig. 8, e.g. a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) and a base station are provided. The method may include detecting, at the UE, an antenna array change condition. The method may include transmitting, from the UE, a request for beam training for an antenna array configuration in response to the detecting. The method may include receiving, from a base station, an indication of an antenna array configuration for the UE), comprising:
transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a first indication that the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) communications from the base station ([0065], e.g. The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110 (i.e. a first indication that the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO)). There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102′ may have a coverage area 110′ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102, … The communication links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity (i.e. the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) from the base station). [0101 FIG. 8 is a message diagram 800 illustrating example processes and messages for dynamically changing an active antenna configuration of a UE 104. Initially, the UE 104 may communicate messages 810 with the base station 102 according to a first antenna configuration (i.e. the communication received by the UE implicitly discloses an indication that the UE is within the coverage area of the Basestation and therefore within a threshold distance of the communication from the basestation));
communicating with the UE via signaling that comprises a second indication of antenna panel information of at least one of the UE or the base station, the signaling transmitted by the UE or received at the UE based at least in part on the UE being within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications from the base station ([0103], Fig. 8. Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B, e.g. In response to detecting an antenna configuration change condition in process block 820, the UE 104 may transmit a request message 830 requesting beam training for an antenna array configuration, … the request message 830 may be referred to as an antenna array configuration change request message. In an aspect, the antenna array configuration may include an indication of beam weights to use with the requested antenna array configuration. For example, the UE 104 may select the beam weights based on measurements of reference signals received during communication with the current antenna array configuration (i.e. communicating with the basestation via signaling that comprises a second indication of antenna panel information, hence this communication between UE and basestation implicitly based on fact that the UE is in the coverage area of the basestation and therefore within the threshold distance of the communicating basestation));
transmitting, to the UE, a first beamformed signal on one or more first beams within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications ([0103], e.g. Beam training may refer to a process in which the UE 104 and the base station 102 communicate using different beams in order to select a beam for future communications. For example, the base station 102 may transmit reference signals using different beams, and the UE may feedback a selected beam and/or measurements of the different beams. The request message 830 may indicate a requested antenna array configuration (e.g., one of active antenna configurations 510, 520, 610, 620, 630). [0105] At process block 850, the UE 104 may perform beam training for the requested antenna array configuration. That is, the UE 104 may change to the requested antenna array configuration as a new active antenna configuration (i.e. transmitting, to the UE, a first beamformed signal, a first beamformed signal within the distance threshold of the MIMO and change to the new active antenna configuration)); and
transmitting, to the UE, one or more second beamformed signals on a second beam within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications ([0105], e.g. The UE 104 may measure each of the reference signals 860 using the new active antenna configuration to determine a best beam. For example, the best beam may be a beam used to transmit the one of the reference signals 860 having a best reference signal received power (RSRP). The UE 104 may transmit a beam training message 870 including a beam index of the best beam and a the RSRP of the best beam. Accordingly, the base station 102 may select the best beam to use for communication with the UE 104. [0103] In response to detecting an antenna configuration change condition in process block 820, the UE 104 may transmit a request message 830 requesting beam training for an antenna array configuration. Beam training may refer to a process in which the UE 104 and the base station 102 communicate using different beams in order to select a beam for future communications. For example, the base station 102 may transmit reference signals using different beams, and the UE may feedback a selected beam and/or measurements of the different beams (i.e. transmitting, to the UE, one or more second beamformed signals on a second beam within the distance threshold of the MIMO)).
RAGHAVAN teaches methods for dynamic antenna array reconfiguration and signaling in millimeter wave bands. A user equipment (UE) may detect an antenna array change condition. The UE may transmit a request for beam training for an antenna array configuration in response to the detecting.
However RAGHAVAN differs from the claimed invention in not specifically and clearly describing wherein
the second beam is based at least in part on a channel response matrix that is estimated from at least the second indication and the first beamformed signal.
However, in the analogous field of endeavor, LIDejian teaches wherein
the second beam is based at least in part on a channel response matrix that is estimated from at least the second indication and the first beamformed signal ([0143], e.g. the measurement result of the BF training may further include other CSI or information correlated to an antenna, a beam, and a channel used for the BF training. For example, the other CSI information includes a channel impulse response (in a case of single-input single-output) of each channel or a channel matrix of each channel (in a case of MIMO). [0144] The method 200 may be applied to the scenario shown in FIG. 4, and certainly, may also be applied to another communication scenario. [0146] S210: A second device generates BF training request information, where the BF training request information includes antenna configuration information of the BF training and channel configuration information for performing the BF training on at least one channel (i.e. the method apply to a communication scenario comprising the second beam is based at least in part on a channel response matrix)).
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention to implement the method of LIDejian within the method of RAGHAVAN. The motivation to combine references is that the combined method provides a beamforming (BF) training method. Further, specifically, the first feedback information may further include modulation and coding scheme information of a channel corresponding to an antenna on which the BF training is performed, for subsequent channel selection based on the modulation and coding scheme information of the channel, and the like, to increase feedback accuracy, and improve efficiency of subsequent information or data transmission (See LIDejian [abstract, 0119]).
Regarding claim 17, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 16. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein communicating with the UE via the signaling further comprises: receiving the second indication of the antenna panel information from the UE, the antenna panel information being for one or more receive panels of the UE ([0099], e.g. Turning to FIG. 7, a conceptual diagram 700 includes beams 710 transmitted from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The beams 710 may be the result of different antenna configurations at the base station 102, which may typically include a large antenna array for beam steering (i.e. receiving the second indication of the antenna panel information). For example, the beams 710 may include a first beam 710a that is relatively narrow and a second beam 710b that is relatively wide. The base station 102 may control beam weights to steer the beams 710 in a particular direction. For example, a channel may include multiple paths 720 (e.g., paths 720a-720e) between the base station 102 and the UE 104).
Regarding claim 18, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 17. LIDejian further teaches wherein further comprising: estimating the channel response matrix based at least in part on the antenna panel information from the UE and the first beamformed signal ([0143], e.g. It should be understood that, the measurement result of the BF training may further include other CSI or information correlated to an antenna (i.e. antenna panel information), a beam (i.e. the first beamformed signal), and a channel used for the BF training. For example, the other CSI information includes a channel impulse response (in a case of single-input single-output) of each channel or a channel matrix of each channel (in a case of MIMO). [0146] S210: A second device generates BF training request information, where the BF training request information includes antenna configuration information of the BF training and channel configuration information for performing the BF training on at least one channel).
The motivation to combine reference of LIDejian within the method of RAGHAVAN before the effective filing date of the invention is that the new method provides techniques that this application provides a beamforming training method, a receiving device, and a sending device, to map a transmit antenna (a transmit chain), a transmit sector (a transmit beam), and a channel in a beamforming BF training feedback to an SNR/an MCS/CSI of a receive chain, thereby learning of a maximum channel capacity from the feedback, and obtaining an optimal MIMO antenna configuration and channel configuration (See LIDejian [0007])).
Regarding claim 19, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 17. LIDejian further teaches wherein further comprising: determining the second beam based at least in part on the channel response matrix estimated from the antenna panel information from the UE and the first beamformed signal ([0143], e.g. It should be understood that, the measurement result of the BF training may further include other CSI (i.e. channel response matrix estimated from the antenna panel information ) or information correlated to an antenna, a beam (i.e. the first beamformed signal), and a channel used for the BF training. For example, the other CSI information includes a channel impulse response (in a case of single-input single-output) of each channel or a channel matrix of each channel (in a case of MIMO). [0146] S210: A second device generates BF training request information, where the BF training request information includes antenna configuration information of the BF training and channel configuration information for performing the BF training on at least one channel).
The motivation to combine reference of LIDejian within the method of RAGHAVAN before the effective filing date of the invention is that the new method provides techniques that this application provides a beamforming training method, a receiving device, and a sending device, to map a transmit antenna (a transmit chain), a transmit sector (a transmit beam), and a channel in a beamforming BF training feedback to an SNR/an MCS/CSI of a receive chain, thereby learning of a maximum channel capacity from the feedback, and obtaining an optimal MIMO antenna configuration and channel configuration (See LIDejian [0007])).
Regarding claim 20, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 16. LIDejian further teaches wherein further comprising: receiving, from the UE, a report indicating the channel response matrix estimated by the UE based at least in part on the antenna panel information from the base station and the first beamformed signal ([0143], e.g. It should be understood that, the measurement (i.e. measurement report ) result of the BF training may further include other CSI (i.e. channel response matrix estimated from the antenna panel information ) or information correlated to an antenna, a beam (i.e. the first beamformed signal), and a channel used for the BF training. For example, the other CSI information includes a channel impulse response (in a case of single-input single-output) of each channel or a channel matrix of each channel (in a case of MIMO)).
The motivation to combine reference of LIDejian within the method of RAGHAVAN before the effective filing date of the invention is that the new method provides techniques that this application provides a beamforming training method, a receiving device, and a sending device, to map a transmit antenna (a transmit chain), a transmit sector (a transmit beam), and a channel in a beamforming BF training feedback to an SNR/an MCS/CSI of a receive chain, thereby learning of a maximum channel capacity from the feedback, and obtaining an optimal MIMO antenna configuration and channel configuration (See LIDejian [0007])).
Regarding claim 22, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 16. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein communicating with the base station via the signaling further comprises: transmitting the second indication of the antenna panel information from the base station to the UE, the antenna panel information being for one or more transmit panels of the base station ([0103], Fig. 8. Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B, e.g. In response to detecting an antenna configuration change condition in process block 820, the UE 104 may transmit a request message 830 requesting beam training for an antenna array configuration, … the request message 830 may be referred to as an antenna array configuration change request message. In an aspect, the antenna array configuration may include an indication of beam weights to use with the requested antenna array configuration. For example, the UE 104 may select the beam weights based on measurements of reference signals received during communication with the current antenna array configuration (i.e. communicating a second indication of antenna panel information, hence this communication between UE and basestation implicitly based on fact that the UE is in the coverage area of the basestation and therefore within the threshold distance of the communicating basestation));
Regarding claim 23, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 16. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein transmitting the first indication that the UE is within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications from the base station further comprises: transmitting the first indication in a system information message or via a unicast or multicast message ([0080], FIG. 2B, e.g. FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame , … The physical broadcast channel (PBCH), which carries a master information block (MIB), may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS)/PBCH block. The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages (I.e. receiving the first indication in a system information message).[0083] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, …The controller/processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs), … , and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting)).
Regarding claim 24, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 16. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein transmitting the first indication that the UE is within the distance threshold of MIMO communications from the base station is an alternative to transmitting notice that the UE is outside of the distance threshold of the MIMO communications from the base station ([0065], e.g. The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110 (i.e. a first indication that the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO)). There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 (i.e. if the UE is not being able to decode the received communication it determines that it is outside of the coverage area of the basestation)).
Regarding claim 25, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 16. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein transmitting the first beamformed signal on the one or more first beams within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications comprises: transmitting the first beamformed signal as a beamformed data signal or a reference signal ([0103], e.g. Beam training may refer to a process in which the UE 104 and the base station 102 communicate using different beams in order to select a beam for future communications. For example, the base station 102 may transmit reference signals using different beams, and the UE may feedback a selected beam and/or measurements of the different beams. [0105] At process block 850, the UE 104 may perform beam training for the requested antenna array configuration. That is, the UE 104 may change to the requested antenna array configuration as a new active antenna configuration. The UE 104 may measure each of the reference signals 860 using the new active antenna configuration to determine a best beam (I.e. receiving the first beamformed signal within the distance threshold of the MIMO)).
Regarding claim 26, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 16. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein the antenna panel information is for either one or more transmit panels of the base station or one or more receive panels of the UE, and wherein the antenna panel information comprises a panel length, a number of antennas per panel, positions of the antennas per panel, or a combination thereof ([103], Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B (510, 520), e.g. The request message 830 may indicate a requested antenna array configuration (e.g., one of active antenna configurations 510, 520, 610, 620, 630). [0103] For example, the requested antenna array configuration may be based on the detected antenna array change condition. the antenna panel information is for either one or more transmit panels In an aspect, the antenna array configuration may include an indication of beam weights to use with the requested antenna array configuration. For example, the UE 104 may select the beam weights based on measurements of reference signals received during communication with the current antenna array configuration (i.e. the antenna panel information is for either one or more transmit panels).
Regarding claim 27, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 16. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein communicating with the UE via the signaling further comprises: communicating the second indication of the antenna panel information during a connection setup procedure between the base station and the UE or after a change in either a transmit panel of the base station or a receive panel of the UE ([0102], e.g. the UE 104 may detect an antenna configuration change condition. The antenna configuration change condition may be based on one or more of: beamwidth change, power or thermal considerations, or support for more RF chains with hybrid beamforming .[0103] In response to detecting an antenna configuration change condition in process block 820, the UE 104 may transmit a request message 830 requesting beam training for an antenna array configuration. Beam training may refer to a process in which the UE 104 and the base station 102 communicate using different beams in order to select a beam for future communications (i.e. communicating the second indication of the antenna panel information during a connection setup)).
Regarding claim 28, RAGHAVAN in view of LIDejian teaches all the limitations of claim 16. RAGHAVAN further teaches wherein communicating with the UE via the signaling further comprises: communicating, with the antenna panel information, beamforming weight information indicative of beamforming weights used either by the base station to transmit the first beamformed signal or by the UE to receive the first beamformed signal ([0103], e.g. In an aspect, the antenna array configuration may include an indication of beam weights to use with the requested antenna array configuration. For example, the UE 104 may select the beam weights based on measurements of reference signals received during communication with the current antenna array configuration. For example, the beam weights may be based on a prediction of a best beam to use with the requested antenna array configuration (i.e. communicating, with the antenna panel information, beamforming weight information indicative of beamforming weights)).
Regarding claim 29, RAGHAVAN teaches an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) ([0006], Fig. 8, e.g. a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) are provided. The method may include detecting, at the UE, an antenna array change condition. The method may include transmitting, from the UE, a request for beam training for an antenna array configuration in response to the detecting. The method may include receiving, from a base station, an indication of an antenna array configuration for the UE), comprising:
a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor ([0007], e.g. The apparatus may include a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory. The processor may be configured to detect, at a UE, an antenna array change condition), to cause the apparatus to:
receive, from a base station, a first indication that the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) communications from the base station ([0065], e.g. The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110 (i.e. a first indication that the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO)). There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102′ may have a coverage area 110′ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102, … The communication links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity (i.e. the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) from the base station). [0101 FIG. 8 is a message diagram 800 illustrating example processes and messages for dynamically changing an active antenna configuration of a UE 104. Initially, the UE 104 may communicate messages 810 with the base station 102 according to a first antenna configuration (i.e. the communication received by the UE implicitly discloses an indication that the UE is within the coverage area of the Basestation and therefore within a threshold distance of the communication from the basestation));
communicate with the base station via signaling that comprises a second indication of antenna panel information of at least one of the UE or the base station, the signaling transmitted by the UE or received at the UE based at least in part on the UE being within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications from the base station ([0103], Fig. 8. Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B, e.g. In response to detecting an antenna configuration change condition in process block 820, the UE 104 may transmit a request message 830 requesting beam training for an antenna array configuration, … the request message 830 may be referred to as an antenna array configuration change request message. In an aspect, the antenna array configuration may include an indication of beam weights to use with the requested antenna array configuration. For example, the UE 104 may select the beam weights based on measurements of reference signals received during communication with the current antenna array configuration (i.e. communicating with the basestation via signaling that comprises a second indication of antenna panel information, hence this communication between UE and basestation implicitly based on fact that the UE is in the coverage area of the basestation and therefore within the threshold distance of the communicating basestation));
receive, from the base station, a first beamformed signal on one or more first beams within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications ([0103], e.g. Beam training may refer to a process in which the UE 104 and the base station 102 communicate using different beams in order to select a beam for future communications. For example, the base station 102 may transmit reference signals using different beams, and the UE may feedback a selected beam and/or measurements of the different beams. The request message 830 may indicate a requested antenna array configuration (e.g., one of active antenna configurations 510, 520, 610, 620, 630). [0105] At process block 850, the UE 104 may perform beam training for the requested antenna array configuration. That is, the UE 104 may change to the requested antenna array configuration as a new active antenna configuration (i.e. receiving, from the base station, a first beamformed signal within the distance threshold of the MIMO and change to the new active antenna configuration)); and
receive, from the base station, one or more second beamformed signals on a second beam within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications ([0105], e.g. The UE 104 may measure each of the reference signals 860 using the new active antenna configuration to determine a best beam. For example, the best beam may be a beam used to transmit the one of the reference signals 860 having a best reference signal received power (RSRP). The UE 104 may transmit a beam training message 870 including a beam index of the best beam and a the RSRP of the best beam. Accordingly, the base station 102 may select the best beam to use for communication with the UE 104. [0103] In response to detecting an antenna configuration change condition in process block 820, the UE 104 may transmit a request message 830 requesting beam training for an antenna array configuration. Beam training may refer to a process in which the UE 104 and the base station 102 communicate using different beams in order to select a beam for future communications. For example, the base station 102 may transmit reference signals using different beams, and the UE may feedback a selected beam and/or measurements of the different beams (i.e. receiving, from the base station, one or more second beamformed signals on a second beam within the distance threshold of the MIMO)).
RAGHAVAN teaches methods for dynamic antenna array reconfiguration and signaling in millimeter wave bands. A user equipment (UE) may detect an antenna array change condition. The UE may transmit a request for beam training for an antenna array configuration in response to the detecting.
However RAGHAVAN differs from the claimed invention in not specifically and clearly describing wherein
the second beam is based at least in part on a channel response matrix that is estimated from at least the second indication and the first beamformed signal.
However, in the analogous field of endeavor, LIDejian teaches wherein
the second beam is based at least in part on a channel response matrix that is estimated from at least the second indication and the first beamformed signal ([0143], e.g. the measurement result of the BF training may further include other CSI or information correlated to an antenna, a beam, and a channel used for the BF training. For example, the other CSI information includes a channel impulse response (in a case of single-input single-output) of each channel or a channel matrix of each channel (in a case of MIMO). [0144] The method 200 may be applied to the scenario shown in FIG. 4, and certainly, may also be applied to another communication scenario. [0146] S210: A second device generates BF training request information, where the BF training request information includes antenna configuration information of the BF training and channel configuration information for performing the BF training on at least one channel (i.e. the method apply to a communication scenario comprising the second beam is based at least in part on a channel response matrix)).
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention to implement the method of LIDejian within the method of RAGHAVAN. The motivation to combine references is that the combined method provides a beamforming (BF) training method. Further, specifically, the first feedback information may further include modulation and coding scheme information of a channel corresponding to an antenna on which the BF training is performed, for subsequent channel selection based on the modulation and coding scheme information of the channel, and the like, to increase feedback accuracy, and improve efficiency of subsequent information or data transmission (See LIDejian [abstract, 0119]).
Regarding claim 30, RAGHAVAN teaches an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station ([0006], Fig. 8, e.g. a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) and a base station are provided. The method may include detecting, at the UE, an antenna array change condition. The method may include transmitting, from the UE, a request for beam training for an antenna array configuration in response to the detecting. The method may include receiving, from a base station, an indication of an antenna array configuration for the UE), comprising:
a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor ([0021], e.g. In an aspect, the disclosure provides an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory. The processor may be configured to receive, at a base station from a UE, a request for beam training for a requested antenna array configuration), to cause the apparatus to:
transmit, to a user equipment (UE), a first indication that the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) communications from the base station ([0065], e.g. The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110 (i.e. a first indication that the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO)). There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102′ may have a coverage area 110′ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102, … The communication links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity (i.e. the UE is within a distance threshold of multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) from the base station). [0101 FIG. 8 is a message diagram 800 illustrating example processes and messages for dynamically changing an active antenna configuration of a UE 104. Initially, the UE 104 may communicate messages 810 with the base station 102 according to a first antenna configuration (i.e. the communication received by the UE implicitly discloses an indication that the UE is within the coverage area of the Basestation and therefore within a threshold distance of the communication from the basestation));
communicate with the UE via signaling that comprises a second indication of antenna panel information of at least one of the UE or the base station, the signaling transmitted by the UE or received at the UE based at least in part on the UE being within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications from the base station ([0103], Fig. 8. Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B, e.g. In response to detecting an antenna configuration change condition in process block 820, the UE 104 may transmit a request message 830 requesting beam training for an antenna array configuration, … the request message 830 may be referred to as an antenna array configuration change request message. In an aspect, the antenna array configuration may include an indication of beam weights to use with the requested antenna array configuration. For example, the UE 104 may select the beam weights based on measurements of reference signals received during communication with the current antenna array configuration (i.e. communicating with the basestation via signaling that comprises a second indication of antenna panel information, hence this communication between UE and basestation implicitly based on fact that the UE is in the coverage area of the basestation and therefore within the threshold distance of the communicating basestation));
transmit, to the UE, a first beamformed signal on one or more first beams within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications ([0103], e.g. Beam training may refer to a process in which the UE 104 and the base station 102 communicate using different beams in order to select a beam for future communications. For example, the base station 102 may transmit reference signals using different beams, and the UE may feedback a selected beam and/or measurements of the different beams. The request message 830 may indicate a requested antenna array configuration (e.g., one of active antenna configurations 510, 520, 610, 620, 630). [0105] At process block 850, the UE 104 may perform beam training for the requested antenna array configuration. That is, the UE 104 may change to the requested antenna array configuration as a new active antenna configuration (i.e. transmitting, to the UE, a first beamformed signal, a first beamformed signal within the distance threshold of the MIMO and change to the new active antenna configuration)); and
transmit, to the UE, one or more second beamformed signals on a second beam within the distance threshold of the MIMO communications ([0105], e.g. The UE 104 may measure each of the reference signals 860 using the new active antenna configuration to determine a best beam. For example, the best beam may be a beam used to transmit the one of the reference signals 860 having a best reference signal received power (RSRP). The UE 104 may transmit a beam training message 870 including a beam index of the best beam and a the RSRP of the best beam. Accordingly, the base station 102 may select the best beam to use for communication with the UE 104. [0103] In response to detecting an antenna configuration change condition in process block 820, the UE 104 may transmit a request message 830 requesting beam training for an antenna array configuration. Beam training may refer to a process in which the UE 104 and the base station 102 communicate using different beams in order to select a beam for future communications. For example, the base station 102 may transmit reference signals using different beams, and the UE may feedback a selected beam and/or measurements of the different beams (i.e. transmitting, to the UE, one or more second beamformed signals on a second beam within the distance threshold of the MIMO)).
RAGHAVAN teaches methods for dynamic antenna array reconfiguration and signaling in millimeter wave bands. A user equipment (UE) may detect an antenna array change condition. The UE may transmit a request for beam training for an antenna array configuration in response to the detecting. However RAGHAVAN differs from the claimed invention in not specifically and clearly describing wherein
the second beam is based at least in part on a channel response matrix that is estimated from at least the second indication and the first beamformed signal.
However, in the analogous field of endeavor, LIDejian teaches wherein
the second beam is based at least in part on a channel response matrix that is estimated from at least the second indication and the first beamformed signal ([0143], e.g. the measurement result of the BF training may further include other CSI or information correlated to an antenna, a beam, and a channel used for the BF training. For example, the other CSI information includes a channel impulse response (in a case of single-input single-output) of each channel or a channel matrix of each channel (in a case of MIMO). [0144] The method 200 may be applied to the scenario shown in FIG. 4, and certainly, may also be applied to another communication scenario. [0146] S210: A second device generates BF training request information, where the BF training request information includes antenna configuration information of the BF training and channel configuration information for performing the BF training on at least one channel (i.e. the method apply to a communication scenario comprising the second beam is based at least in part on a channel response matrix)).
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention to implement the method of LIDejian within the method of RAGHAVAN. The motivation to combine references is that the combined method provides a beamforming (BF) training method. Further, specifically, the first feedback information may further include modulation and coding scheme information of a channel corresponding to an antenna on which the BF training is performed, for subsequent channel selection based on the modulation and coding scheme information of the channel, and the like, to increase feedback accuracy, and improve efficiency of subsequent information or data transmission (See LIDejian [abstract, 0119]).
Allowable Subject Matter
Claims 6 and 21 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable, if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims, and amending claims to overcome any objection(s) and /or rejection(s) set forth in this Office action.
Prior Art Record
The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent
to applicant’s disclosure.
HUANG; Min. (US-20240405811-A1) - CHANNEL ESTIMATION BASED BEAM DETERMINATION IN HOLOGRAPHIC MULTIPLE-IN MULTIPLE-OUT SYSTEM.
CHERAGHI; Parisa (US-20210083728-A1) - DEVICES AND METHODS FOR FACILITATING BEAMFORMING COMMUNICATIONS IN WIRELESS DEVICES.
PATCHAVA; Raviteja (US-20250062841-A1) - MULTIPLE ACCESS POINT (AP) ASSOCIATION.
Dai; Yucheng (US-12489492-B2) - Beam pattern information indication in positioning and sensing.
Conclusion
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/MAHENDRA R PATEL/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2645