Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/563,555

CONTACT INSERT FOR AN INDUSTRIAL PLUG CONNECTOR

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Nov 22, 2023
Examiner
KRATT, JUSTIN M
Art Unit
2831
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Harting Electric Stiftung & Co. Kg
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
87%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 2m
To Grant
92%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 87% — above average
87%
Career Allow Rate
557 granted / 639 resolved
+19.2% vs TC avg
Moderate +5% lift
Without
With
+5.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Fast prosecutor
2y 2m
Avg Prosecution
60 currently pending
Career history
699
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.1%
-39.9% vs TC avg
§103
50.4%
+10.4% vs TC avg
§102
29.2%
-10.8% vs TC avg
§112
19.2%
-20.8% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 639 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Specification The disclosure is objected to because of the following informalities: on page 1 line 12, the acronym PE should read protective earth (PE) in parentheses. Appropriate correction is required. Claim Objections Claim 11 objected to because of the following informalities: in claim 11 line 2, the word “PE” should read --protective earth (PE)--. Appropriate correction is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 1-3, 5-7, and 11-13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Holger (DE19945317A1). With regard to claim 1, Holger teaches, as shown in figures 1-7 and taught on page 4 lines 1-15: “A contact insert 1, 2, 3, and 4 for an industrial plug connector, the contact insert comprising: a connection side 2 for the connection of individual conductors (wires connecting to the right end of 4 in figure 1)… and a contact side 1 for electrical connection to a mating plug connector or a socket (contact part counterpart, as described on page 4 lines 1-4), wherein, on the connection side 2, n connection openings (where 4 extend into 2 in figure 1) are provided for the conductors… wherein, on the contact side 1, m contact openings (where 4 are received in 1 in figure 1) are provided to allow access to a mating contact element of the mating plug connector or the socket (contact part counterparts as described on page 4 lines 9-15), wherein n and m are natural numbers and m is greater than n”. Holger does not specifically teach the individual conductors being of a multi-strand cable. However, it would have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to use individual conductors strands from a multi-strand cable in order to keep the conductors close before connecting to the contact insert. Also, it has been held that forming in one piece an article which has formerly been formed in two pieces and put together involves only routine skill in the art. Howard v. Detroit Stove Works, 150 U.S. 164 (1993). With regard to claim 2, Holger teaches: “The contact insert according to claim 1”, as shown above. Holger also teaches, as shown in figures 1-7 and taught on page 4 lines 1-15: “wherein the contact insert comprises at least one contact element 4 having a connection region for electrical connection to a conductor of the… cable and a contact region for electrical contacting of the mating contact element of the mating plug connector or the socket, wherein the connection region of the contact element 4 is arranged in one or the connection openings on the connection side 2 of the contact insert and the contact region of the contact elements is arranged in one of the contact openings on the contact side 1 of the contact insert”. With regard to claim 3, Holger teaches: “The contact insert according to claim 2, as shown above. Holger also teaches, as shown in figures 1-7: “wherein the contact element 4 is designed as a socket contact”. With regard to claim 5, Holger teaches: “The contact insert according to claim 1”, as shown above. Holger also teaches, as shown in figures 1-7 and taught on page 4 lines 1-15: “wherein the contact insert has a bridge contact 3 having exactly one connection region (roughly upper-right side of 3 in figure 1) for electrical connection to a conductor of the cable… and at least two contact regions (left side of 4 in figure 1) for respective electrical contacting of a respective mating contact element of the mating plug connector or the socket”. With regard to claim 6, Holger teaches: “The contact insert according to claim 5”, as shown above. Holger also teaches, as shown in figures 1-7 and taught on page 4 lines 1-15: “wherein the bridge contact 3 has at least three contact regions for respective electrical contacting of the respective mating contact element of the mating plug connector or the socket”. With regard to claim 7, Holger teaches: “The contact insert according to claim 5”, as shown above. Holger also teaches, as shown in figures 1-7 and taught on page 4 lines 1-17: “wherein the bridge contact 3 is formed from a metal plate wherein at least two contact regions are attached on one side (left side in figure 1) of the metal plate, and wherein exactly one connection region is attached on an other side (right side in figure 1) of the metal plate, so that the contact regions and the one connection region are electrically conductively connected to one another via the metal plate”. With regard to claim 11, Holger teaches: “The contact insert according to claim 1”, as shown above. Holger also teaches, as shown in figures 1-7 and taught on page 1 last 3 lines: “wherein the contact insert has a PE contact (taught on page 1 last 3 lines)”. With regard to claim 12, Holger teaches: “…and a contact insert according to claim 1”, as shown above. Holger also teaches, as shown in figures 1-7: “A system, comprising: a plug connector housing 1 and 2”. With regard to claim 13, Holger teaches: “The system according to claim 12”, as shown above. Holger does not teach: “wherein the plug connector housing comprises plastic”. However, it would have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention form the plug connector housing since plastic is well-known in the art for making insulating housings and enables forming the housings into specific shapes. Also, it has been held to be within the general skill of a worker in the art to select a known material on the basis of its suitability for the intended use as a matter of obvious design choice. In re Leshin, 125 USPQ 416. Claim 4 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Holger (DE19945317A1) in view of Frey (2,769,965). With regard to claim 4, Holger teaches: “The contact insert according to claim 2, as shown above. Holger does not specifically teach: “wherein the connection region is designed as a crimp connection”. However, it would have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to use crimp connections to connect to wire strands since crimping is a well-known method and would enable the contact to hold electrical connection to the wire strand (see e.g., Frey, figures 1-4 and column 1 lines 16-25). Claims 8-10 and 14 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Holger (DE19945317A1) in view of Takeshi et al. (WO0128041A1). With regard to claim 8, Holger teaches: “The contact insert according to claim 7”, as shown above. Holger does not teach: “wherein the contact regions are riveted to the metal plate”. In the same field of endeavor before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, Takeshi teaches, as shown in figure 8 and taught in the Abstract: “wherein the contact regions 30 are riveted to the metal plate 40”. It would have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the features of Takeshi with the invention of Holger in order to hold the contact onto the plate (Takeshi, Abstract). With regard to claim 9, Holger teaches: “The contact insert according to claim 7”, as shown above. Holger also teaches, as shown in figures 1-7 and taught on page 4 lines 1-17: “wherein the connection region of the bridge contact 3 comprises a pin contact 4… and a socket contact element (wires connecting to the right end of 4 in figure 1) plugged onto the pin contact 4”. Holger does not teach the pin contact “riveted to the metal plate”. In the same field of endeavor before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, Takeshi teaches, as shown in figures 5-8 and taught in the Abstract, the pin contact 30 “riveted to the metal plate 40”. It would have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the features of Takeshi with the invention of Holger in order to hold the contact onto the plate (Takeshi, Abstract). With regard to claim 10, Holger as modified by Takeshi teaches: “The contact insert according to claim 9”, as shown above. Holger also teaches, as shown in figures 1-7 and taught on page 4 lines 1-17: “wherein the socket contact element of the bridge contact 4 is identical to the remaining contact elements 4 of the contact insert”. With regard to claim 14, Holger teaches: “…a system according to claim 12”, as shown above. Holger does not teach: “A module for modular plug connectors, comprising… wherein the module can be inserted into a module holding frame that can be mounted in a modular manner”. In the same field of endeavor before the effective filing date of the claimed invention, Takeshi teaches, as shown in figures 6-7: “A module 21 for modular plug connectors 30 and 40, comprising… wherein the module 21 can be inserted into a module holding 20 frame that can be mounted in a modular manner”. It would have been obvious to a person having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine the features of Takeshi with the invention of Holger in order to hold multiple plug connectors together. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to JUSTIN M KRATT whose telephone number is (571)270-0277. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 9am-6pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Abdullah A Riyami can be reached at (571)270-3119. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /JUSTIN M KRATT/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2831
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Prosecution Timeline

Nov 22, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 09, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
87%
Grant Probability
92%
With Interview (+5.3%)
2y 2m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 639 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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