Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/565,171

Radio Transmitter

Non-Final OA §103§112
Filed
Nov 29, 2023
Examiner
CHOUDHURY, FAISAL
Art Unit
2478
Tech Center
2400 — Computer Networks
Assignee
Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
85%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 9m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 85% — above average
85%
Career Allow Rate
666 granted / 784 resolved
+26.9% vs TC avg
Strong +15% interview lift
Without
With
+15.4%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 9m
Avg Prosecution
38 currently pending
Career history
822
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
4.4%
-35.6% vs TC avg
§103
51.6%
+11.6% vs TC avg
§102
19.0%
-21.0% vs TC avg
§112
14.1%
-25.9% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 784 resolved cases

Office Action

§103 §112
Nsmitter to generate time-domain waveform Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 16-21 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 16 recites the limitation "…..the training bits…." at line 6 in claim 16. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. Claims 17-21 are rejected since the claims 17-21 are dependent on claim 16 Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 1. In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. 2. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102 of this title, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 1, 3-4, 7, 22, 24-25 and 28 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over U.S. Publication No US 2018/0123846 to Kibutu et al. (hereinafter Kibutu) in view of U.S. Publication No US 2019/0015443 to Zhang et al. (hereinafter Zhang) As to claims 1 and 22, Kibutu discloses a radio transmitter, comprising: at least one processor (Kibutu; [0072]); and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed with the at least one processor (Kibutu; [0072]), cause the radio transmitter to: obtain bits to be transmitted (Kibutu; [0052] discloses of modulating and transmitting data bits means data bits are obtained); modulate the symbol grid into a first time-domain waveform (Kibutu; [0052] discloses an inverse fast Fourier transform (Step 508) by the IFFT unit 314 to generate parallel time-domain digital waveforms); input the first time-domain waveform into a machine learning model, producing a second time-domain waveform (Kibutu; [0052] discloses the digital time domain waveforms are converted (Step 510) from a parallel format to a serial format by the parallel-to-serial converter unit 316 to yield a serial digital waveform that is communicated to the RF IC 304 via the digital interface 306); power amplify the second time-domain wave form, producing an amplified time-domain waveform (Kibutu; [0052] discloses the up-converted RF signal is then amplified (Step 520) by the power amplifier also mentioned above in relation to the remainder of the RF processing circuitry 322 before being applied to the duplexer 208 prior to emission by the antenna 210) ; and transmit the amplified time-domain waveform (Kibutu; [0052] discloses the up-converted RF signal is then amplified (Step 520) by the power amplifier also mentioned above in relation to the remainder of the RF processing circuitry 322 before being applied to the duplexer 208 prior to emission by the antenna 210). Kibutu discloses map the bits into a symbol, but fails to discloses map the bits into a symbol grid in time-frequency domain. However, Zhang discloses map the bits into a symbol grid in time-frequency domain (Zhang; Fig.1; [0042] discloses a transmitter chain 100, control signals or data signals are modulated by a modulator 101 and the modulated signals are serial-to-parallel converted by a serial-to-parallel convertor 112. An Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) unit 114 is used to transfer the modulated signal or data from frequency domain to time domain (=time frequency domain)) It is obvious for a person of ordinary skilled in the art to combine the teachings before the effective filing date of the invention. One would be motivated to combine the teachings in order to transfer the modulated signal or data from frequency domain to time domain As to claims 3 and 24, the rejection of claim 1 as listed above is incorporated herein. In addition, Kibutu-Zhang discloses wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the radio transmitter to modulate the symbol grid into the first time-domain waveform using orthogonal frequency- division multiplexing (Zhang; [0042] discloses A cyclic prefix (CP) or zero prefix (ZP) is added to each OFDM symbol at a CP insertion stage 118 to avoid or alternatively, to mitigate the impact due to multipath fading at a multipath fading channel 122). As to claims 4 and 25, the rejection of claim 1 as listed above is incorporated herein. In addition, Kibutu-Zhang discloses wherein the machine learning model is a second machine learning model and the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the radio transmitter to map the bits into the symbol grid in time- frequency domain using a first machine learning model (Zhang; Fig.1; [0042] discloses a transmitter chain 100, control signals or data signals are modulated by a modulator 101 and the modulated signals are serial-to-parallel converted by a serial-to-parallel convertor 112. An Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) unit 114 is used to transfer the modulated signal or data from frequency domain to time domain). As to claims 7 and 28, the rejection of claim 1 as listed above is incorporated herein. In addition, Kibutu-Zhang discloses wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the radio transmitter to upsample at least one of the first time-domain waveform or the second time-domain waveform (Kibutu; [0052] discloses the last N-samples of the serial digital waveform are therefore received by the RF IC 304 before the rest of the samples of the serial digital waveform and processed by the cyclic prefix addition unit 318. In this respect, as the LTE standard supports more than one length of cyclic prefix, and so the cyclic prefix addition unit 318 needs to be provided with the length of the uplink cyclic prefix to be used in order to perform the above processing of the samples of the serial digital waveform. Consequently, the protocol software component 402 has access to System Information Block data via the PDSCH). Allowable Subject Matter Claims 2, 5-6, 23 and 26-27 are objected, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to FAISAL CHOUDHURY whose telephone number is (571)270-3001. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 8AM-6P.M. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Joseph Avellino can be reached at 5712723905. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /FAISAL CHOUDHURY/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2478
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Nov 29, 2023
Application Filed
Jan 16, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103, §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
85%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+15.4%)
2y 9m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 784 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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