Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA. DETAILED ACTION Claims 1-13 received on 11/29/2023 have been examined , of which claims 1 and 7-8 are independent . Drawings The drawings are objected to because fig. 17 includes text “QoS Sata”, which appears to be typographical error for “QoS Data”. Corrected drawing sheets in compliance with 37 CFR 1.121(d) are required in reply to the Office action to avoid abandonment of the application. Any amended replacement drawing sheet should include all of the figures appearing on the immediate prior version of the sheet, even if only one figure is being amended. The figure or figure number of an amended drawing should not be labeled as “amended.” If a drawing figure is to be canceled, the appropriate figure must be removed from the replacement sheet, and where necessary, the remaining figures must be renumbered and appropriate changes made to the brief description of the several views of the drawings for consistency. Additional replacement sheets may be necessary to show the renumbering of the remaining figures. Each drawing sheet submitted after the filing date of an application must be labeled in the top margin as either “Replacement Sheet” or “New Sheet” pursuant to 37 CFR 1.121(d). If the changes are not accepted by the examiner, the applicant will be notified and informed of any required corrective action in the next Office action. The objection to the drawings will not be held in abeyance. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b ) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the appl icant regards as his invention. Claim s 1-7 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor, or for pre-AIA the applicant regards as the invention. Claim 1 and 7 recite that QoS null/data frame is received from transmitting station. Further, claim 6 recites that TXS trigger frame is received from transmitting station, which is defined to trigger the QoS null/data frame. However, in specification, fig 17-18 illustrate TXS control frame transmission methods , wherein the QoS null/data frame is transmitted by the STA 1 to AP without trigger (unsolicited) or with trigger from AP (solicited). It is unclear in claim 1 and 7, if the Receiving STA is to transmit the QoS null/data frame or receive it for the information about time and bandwidth required for transmission of data . In case of receiving STA receives the QoS null/data frame, it is unclear how the receiving of trigger frame by the receiving STA trigger s the QoS null/data frame from the transmitting STA . Dependent claims are rejected for same reasons based on dependency. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. The factual inquiries set forth in Graham v. John Deere Co. , 383 U.S. 1, 148 USPQ 459 (1966), that are applied for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows: 1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art. 2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue. 3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art. 4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness. This application currently names joint inventors. In considering patentability of the claims, the examiner presumes that the subject matter of the various claims was commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the claimed invention(s) absent any evidence to the contrary. Applicant is advised of the obligation under 37 CFR 1.56 to point out the inventor and effective filing dates of each claim that was not commonly owned as of the effective filing date of the later invention in order for the examiner to consider the applicability of 35 U.S.C. 102(b)(2)(C) for any potential 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) prior art against the later invention. Claims 1, 3, 7-8 and 10 are rejected unde r 35 U.S.C. 103 a s being unpatentable over Yang et al. (TXOP sharing for use in MU P2P, IEEE 802.11-20/1938r7; NPL # 2 in IDS 02/06/2024) in view of Hedayat ( US 20160323426 ) Regarding claim 1, Yang teaches a method in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system ( slide 2: 802.11be, AP to share time resource obtained in a TXOP for peer to peer frame exchanges ) , the method comprising: receiving, by the first receiving STA, a Multi User-Request To Send Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) Sharing (MU-RTS TXS) frame from the transmitting STA ( slide 4 MU-RTS-TXS TF; slide 5: AP to transmit a TXOP MU sharing frame that shares resources of an obtained TXOP, AP assigns resource units (RU) to individual non-AP STA pairs for use in P2P frame exchange and indicate those assignments in the transmitted TXOP MU sharing frame together with the allocated portion of the obtained TXOP ) ; and transmitting, by the first receiving STA, data to a second receiving STA based on the MU-RTS TXS frame ( slide 4 shows PPDU (STA1-> G1) and PPDU (STA2->G2), which is based on the information of the MU-RTS-TXS TF ) , wherein the MU-RTS TXS frame includes third information on a time allocated to transmit the data and fourth information on a bandwidth allocated to transmit the data ( slide 4, MU-RTS-TXS TF comprising RU1 and RU2, where the RU are allocated in frequency bandwidth and in time, as shown in the exchange sequence of slide 4 ) . Yang reference teaches the MU-RTS-TXS trigger frame communicated from AP to the station s indicating RU assignments for peer-to-peer communication. Slide 4 shows the resource allocated as time and frequency resources. The reference does not teach the QoS data/null frame transmission, indicating required time and bandwidth (resources) for the transmission of data and the allocated resource being based on the required resource information. Hedayat is directed to multi-user communication in wireless communication (abstract, fig 1). Hedayat further teaches receiving, by a first receiving station ( STA), a Quality of Service (QOS) data frame or a QoS null frame from a transmitti ng STA ( fig 14; para 212: each of the stations STA1, STA2, and STA3 may send respective QoS Null frames 1402, 1406, and 1410 ; here, the QoS null frame transmitted by each station is considered received by AP and other stations) ; wherein the QoS data frame or the QoS null frame includes a TXS control frame ( para 184-187: t he QoS Null frame 1200 , w hen a fifth bit (B4) 1224 of the QoS Control field 1216 has a value of zero, a last 8 bits (B8 to B15) of the QoS Control field 1216 are used as a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) Duration Requested field 1230 ) , wherein the TXS control frame includes first information on a time required for transmission of the data and second information on a bandwidth required for transmission of the data ( para 186: w hen a fifth bit (B4) 1224 of the QoS Control field 1216 has a value of zero, a last 8 bits (B8 to B15) of the QoS Control field 1216 are used as a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) Duration Requested field 1230 ; para 209: a t S1316, the process 1300 transmits the QoS Null frame as a Non-HT Duplicate Frame having a bandwidth indicated in the CH_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT parameter of the TXVECTOR , t he TA field 1208 of the QoS Null frame may include a value indicating a bandwidth (that is, the TA field 1208 may be a bandwidth signaling (BWS) TA field)) , wherein the third information is generated based on the first information, and wherein the fourth information is generated based on the second information ( para 217: t he AP may perform resource allocation according to the frequency selectivity information and queue size information obtained using the QoS Null frame 1402, 1406, and 1410. The AP may communicate information regarding the resource allocation to the STA1, STA2, and STA3 using a frame 1416 that includes trigger information) . Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine TXOP sharing for MU-P2P as taught by Yang with QoS null frame to determine required duration and bandwidth for MU resource allocation as taught by Hedayat for the benefit of provid ing an optimum rate adaption as taught by Hedayat in Para 304 . Regarding claim 7, Yang teaches a first receiving station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the receiving STA is configured to: receive a Multi User-Request To Send Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) Sharing (MU-RTS TXS) frame from the transmitting STA ( slide 4 MU-RTS-TXS TF; slide 5: AP to transmit a TXOP MU sharing frame that shares resources of an obtained TXOP, AP assigns resource units (RU) to individual non-AP STA pairs for use in P2P frame exchange and indicate those assignments in the transmitted TXOP MU sharing frame together with the allocated portion of the obtained TXOP ) ; and transmit data to a second receiving STA based on the MU-RTS TXS frame ( slide 4 shows PPDU (STA1-> G1) and PPDU (STA2->G2), which is based on the information of the MU-RTS-TXS TF ) , wherein the MU-RTS TXS frame includes third information on a time allocated to transmit the data and fourth information on a bandwidth allocated to transmit the data ( slide 4, MU-RTS-TXS TF comprising RU1 and RU2, where the RU are allocated in frequency bandwidth and in time, as shown in the exchange sequence of slide 4 ) . Yang reference teaches the MU-RTS-TXS trigger frame communicated from AP to the stations indicating RU assignments for peer-to-peer communication. Slide 4 shows the resource allocated as time and frequency resources. The reference does not teach the QoS data/null frame transmission, indicating required time and bandwidth (resources) for the transmission of data and the allocated resource being based on the required resource information. The reference also fails to teach the structural elements of the station. Hedayat is directed to multi-user communication in wireless communication (abstract, fig 1). Hedayat further teaches the receiving STA ( WLAN device 200, fig 2; para 71: WLAN device 200 includes stations STA1-4 in fig 1 ) comprising: a memory ( memory 232, fig 2 ) ; a transceiver ( RF transceiver 240, fig 2 ) ; and a processor being operatively connected to the memory and the transceiver ( baseband processor 210, fig 2 ) , wherein the processor is configured ( para 73-81 ) to: receiv e a Quality of Service (QOS) data frame or a QoS null frame from a transmitti ng STA ( fig 14; para 212: each of the stations STA1, STA2, and STA3 may send respective QoS Null frames 1402, 1406, and 1410 ; here, the QoS null frame transmitted by each station is considered received by AP and other stations) ; wherein the QoS data frame or the QoS null frame includes a TXS control frame ( para 184-187: t he QoS Null frame 1200 , w hen a fifth bit (B4) 1224 of the QoS Control field 1216 has a value of zero, a last 8 bits (B8 to B15) of the QoS Control field 1216 are used as a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) Duration Requested field 1230 ) , wherein the TXS control frame includes first information on a time required for transmission of the data and second information on a bandwidth required for transmission of the data ( para 186: w hen a fifth bit (B4) 1224 of the QoS Control field 1216 has a value of zero, a last 8 bits (B8 to B15) of the QoS Control field 1216 are used as a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) Duration Requested field 1230 ; para 209: a t S1316, the process 1300 transmits the QoS Null frame as a Non-HT Duplicate Frame having a bandwidth indicated in the CH_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT parameter of the TXVECTOR , t he TA field 1208 of the QoS Null frame may include a value indicating a bandwidth (that is, the TA field 1208 may be a bandwidth signaling (BWS) TA field)) , wherein the third information is generated based on the first information, and wherein the fourth information is generated based on the second information ( para 217: t he AP may perform resource allocation according to the frequency selectivity information and queue size information obtained using the QoS Null frame 1402, 1406, and 1410. The AP may communicate information regarding the resource allocation to the STA1, STA2, and STA3 using a frame 1416 that includes trigger information) . Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine TXOP sharing for MU-P2P as taught by Yang with QoS null frame to determine required duration and bandwidth for MU resource allocation as taught by Hedayat for the benefit of provid ing an optimum rate adaption as taught by Hedayat in Para 304 . Regarding claim 8, Yang teaches a method in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system ( slide 2: 802.11be, AP to share time resource obtained in a TXOP for peer to peer frame exchanges ) , the method comprising: transmitting, by the transmitting STA, a Multi User-Request To Send Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) Sharing (MU-RTS TXS) frame to the first receiving STA ( slide 4 MU-RTS-TXS TF; slide 5: AP to transmit a TXOP MU sharing frame that shares resources of an obtained TXOP, AP assigns resource units (RU) to individual non-AP STA pairs for use in P2P frame exchange and indicate those assignments in the transmitted TXOP MU sharing frame together with the allocated portion of the obtained TXOP ) , wherein the first receiving STA transmits data to a second receiving STA based on the MU-RTS TXS frame ( slide 4 shows PPDU (STA1-> G1) and PPDU (STA2->G2), which is based on the information of the MU-RTS-TXS TF ) , wherein the MU-RTS TXS frame includes third information on a time allocated to transmit the data and fourth information on a bandwidth allocated to transmit the data ( slide 4, MU-RTS-TXS TF comprising RU1 and RU2, where the RU are allocated in frequency bandwidth and in time, as shown in the exchange sequence of slide 4 ) . Yang reference teaches the MU-RTS-TXS trigger frame communicated from AP to the stations indicating RU assignments for peer-to-peer communication. Slide 4 shows the resource allocated as time and frequency resources. The reference does not teach the QoS data/null frame transmission, indicating required time and bandwidth (resources) for the transmission of data and the allocated resource being based on the required resource information. Hedayat is directed to multi-user communication in wireless communication (abstract, fig 1). Hedayat further teaches receiving, by a transmitting station (STA), Quality of Service (QOS) data frame or a QoS null frame from a first receiving STA ( fig 14; para 212: each of the stations STA1, STA2, and STA3 may send respective QoS Null frames 1402, 1406, and 1410 ; here, the QoS null frame transmitted by each station is considered received by AP) ; wherein the QoS data frame or the QoS null frame includes a TXS control frame ( para 184-187: t he QoS Null frame 1200 , w hen a fifth bit (B4) 1224 of the QoS Control field 1216 has a value of zero, a last 8 bits (B8 to B15) of the QoS Control field 1216 are used as a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) Duration Requested field 1230 ) , wherein the TXS control frame includes first information on a time required for transmission of the data and second information on a bandwidth required for transmission of the data ( para 186: w hen a fifth bit (B4) 1224 of the QoS Control field 1216 has a value of zero, a last 8 bits (B8 to B15) of the QoS Control field 1216 are used as a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) Duration Requested field 1230 ; para 209: a t S1316, the process 1300 transmits the QoS Null frame as a Non-HT Duplicate Frame having a bandwidth indicated in the CH_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT parameter of the TXVECTOR , t he TA field 1208 of the QoS Null frame may include a value indicating a bandwidth (that is, the TA field 1208 may be a bandwidth signaling (BWS) TA field)) , wherein the third information is generated based on the first information, and wherein the fourth information is generated based on the second information ( para 217: t he AP may perform resource allocation according to the frequency selectivity information and queue size information obtained using the QoS Null frame 1402, 1406, and 1410. The AP may communicate information regarding the resource allocation to the STA1, STA2, and STA3 using a frame 1416 that includes trigger information) . Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine TXOP sharing for MU-P2P as taught by Yang with QoS null frame to determine required duration and bandwidth for MU resource allocation as taught by Hedayat for the benefit of provid ing an optimum rate adaption as taught by Hedayat in Para 304 . Regarding claim 3, Yang fails to teach, but Hedayat further teaches notifying, by the first receiving STA, the transmitting STA that the time required for the transmission of the data is 1 ms based on the first information (para 186: in the QoS Null frame 1200, when a fifth bit (B4) 1224 of the QoS Control field 1216 has a value of zero, a last 8 bits (B8 to B15) of the QoS Control field 1216 are used as a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) Duration Requested field 1230 ; here, the specific field is used to indicate the required TXOP duration by the station, wherein 1ms may be interpreted as specific quantifiable variable that would be obvious to be indicated in the field ) ; and notifying, by the first receiving STA, the transmitting STA that the bandwidth required for the transmission of the data is 80 MHz based on the second information ( para 212: in the example of fig.14, first, second, and third stations STA1, STA2, and STA3 respectively set CH_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT parameters of TXVECTORs to indicate 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 80+80 MHz, or 160 MHz according to the process 1300 of FIG. 13 ; para 209: a t S1316, the process 1300 transmits the QoS Null frame as a Non-HT Duplicate Frame having a bandwidth indicated in the CH_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT parameter of the TXVECTOR ) . Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine TXOP sharing for MU-P2P as taught by Yang with QoS null frame to determine required duration and bandwidth for MU resource allocation as taught by Hedayat for the benefit of provid ing an optimum rate adaption as taught by Hedayat in Para 304 . Regarding claim 10, Yang fails to teach, but Hedayat further teaches receiving, by the transmitting STA, that the time required for the transmission of the data is 1 ms based on the first information from the first receiving STA (para 186: in the QoS Null frame 1200, when a fifth bit (B4) 1224 of the QoS Control field 1216 has a value of zero, a last 8 bits (B8 to B15) of the QoS Control field 1216 are used as a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) Duration Requested field 1230; here, the specific field is used to indicate the required TXOP duration by the station, wherein 1ms may be interpreted as specific quantifiable variable that would be obvious to be indicated in the field) ; and receiving, by the transmitting STA, that the bandwidth required for the transmission of the data is 80 MHz based on the second information from the first receiving STA (para 212: in the example of fig.14, first, second, and third stations STA1, STA2, and STA3 respectively set CH_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT parameters of TXVECTORs to indicate 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 80+80 MHz, or 160 MHz according to the process 1300 of FIG. 13 ; para 209: a t S1316, the process 1300 transmits the QoS Null frame as a Non-HT Duplicate Frame having a bandwidth indicated in the CH_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT parameter of the TXVECTOR ) . Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine TXOP sharing for MU-P2P as taught by Yang with QoS null frame to determine required duration and bandwidth for MU resource allocation as taught by Hedayat for the benefit of provid ing an optimum rate adaption as taught by Hedayat in Para 304 . Claims 2 and 9 are rejected unde r 35 U.S.C. 103 a s being unpatentable over Yang et al. (TXOP sharing for use in MU P2P, IEEE 802.11-20/1938r7; NPL # 2 in IDS 02/06/2024) in view of Hedayat ( US 20160323426 ) in further view of Das et al. ( Channel access for triggered TXOP sharing, IEEE 802.11-21/0268r8; NPL # 3 in IDS 02/06/2024) Regarding claim 2 and 9, Yang in view of Hedayat teaches the limitations of the parent claim. Yang in view of Hedayat teaches MU-RTS-TXS frame, but fails to teach the specific subfields in the frame. Das is similarly directed to triggered TXOP sharing procedure. Das further teaches wherein the MU-RTS TXS frame includes a TXOP Sharing Mode subfield ( page 4, table 9-31xxx: MU-RTS TXOP sharing (TXS) trigger frame is MU-RTS trigger frame that has TXOP sharing mode subfield set to non-zero value) , wherein when a value of the TXOP Sharing Mode subfield is 1, the MU-RTS TXS frame is defined to trigger data transmission to the transmitting STA ( table 9-31xxx: MU-RTS trigger frame has TXOP sharing mode subfield value of 1 – scheduled STA can only transmit PPDU(s) addressed to its associated AP ; page 6 ) , wherein when a value of the TXOP Sharing Mode subfield is 2, the MU-RTS TXS frame is defined to trigger data transmission to the second receiving STA ( table 9-31xxx: MU-RTS trigger frame has TXOP sharing mode subfield value of 2 – scheduled STA can transmit PPDU(s) addressed to its associated AP or another STA ; page 6 ) . Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to combine TXOP sharing for MU-P2P resource determination as taught by Yang and Hedayat with TXOP sharing mode configuration as taught by Das for the benefit of allowing AP to allocate portion of the time within TXOP to non-AP stations as taught by Das in section 35.2.1.3.1 . Allowable Subject Matter Claims 4-6 would be allowable if rewritten to overcome the rejection(s) under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA), 2nd paragraph, set forth in this Office action and to include all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Claims 11-13 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. - Baron et al. ( US 20230209512 ) – fig 4a-12; abstract: multi-user (MU) Peer to Peer (P2P) protocols in wireless networks. A first station (STA) may receiving, from an access point (AP), an allocation of a resource unit (RU) for a peer to peer (P2P) communication; transmit, to a peer second STA, a first frame over a first part of the allocated P2P RU; and receive a second frame transmitted by the second STA over a second part of the P2P RU allocated to the first STA by the AP - Xin et al. ( US 20220053560 ) – abstract: a fter obtaining a TXOP, a non-AP station informs the AP to share the TXOP within its BSS. The AP collects buffer status and the QoS requirements of the buffer from the stations and arranges transmissions during the shared TXOP to satisfy the QoS requirement of the buffer reported by the STAs. The non-AP station can also share its TXOP through the AP using trigger frames or other mechanisms ; fig 27-35 Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to FILLIN "Examiner name" \* MERGEFORMAT RINA C PANCHOLI whose telephone number is FILLIN "Phone number" \* MERGEFORMAT (571)272-2679 . The examiner can normally be reached FILLIN "Work Schedule?" \* MERGEFORMAT M-F 7:30am-4pm . Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, FILLIN "SPE Name?" \* MERGEFORMAT Chirag Shah can be reached on FILLIN "SPE Phone?" \* MERGEFORMAT 571-272-3144 . The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /RINA C PANCHOLI/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2477 12/ 11 / 202 5