Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/569,965

FLIGHT EQUIPMENT AND OPERATION METHOD

Final Rejection §112
Filed
Dec 13, 2023
Examiner
XAVIER, VALENTINA
Art Unit
3642
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
OA Round
4 (Final)
75%
Grant Probability
Favorable
5-6
OA Rounds
3y 1m
To Grant
84%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 75% — above average
75%
Career Allow Rate
559 granted / 747 resolved
+22.8% vs TC avg
Moderate +9% lift
Without
With
+9.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 1m
Avg Prosecution
24 currently pending
Career history
771
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.3%
-39.7% vs TC avg
§103
49.7%
+9.7% vs TC avg
§102
30.2%
-9.8% vs TC avg
§112
17.4%
-22.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 747 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 112(a): (a) IN GENERAL.—The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor or joint inventor of carrying out the invention. The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112: The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor of carrying out his invention. Claims 1 – 7 and 9 – 13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), first paragraph, as failing to comply with the enablement requirement. The claim(s) contains subject matter which was not described in the specification in such a way as to enable one skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and/or use the invention. Claim 1 recites that “the control unit is configured to operate in a flight mode operated by the user based on user instructions received via the interface, and in an autonomous flight mode operated by the control unit without the user instructions received from the interface”. Claim 1 also recites in a later part of the claim that “the control unit is configured to shift from the flight mode to the autonomous flight mode in response to receiving an instruction from the user via the interface”. The specification does not enable how the control unit can operate in the autonomous flight mode, which is expressly defined as being operated without using instructions received via the interface, while simultaneously responding to receiving an instruction from the user via the interface in order to shift from flight mode to the autonomous flight mode. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 1 – 7 and 9 – 13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claim 1 recites that “the control unit is configured to operate in a flight mode operated by the user based on user instructions received via the interface, and in an autonomous flight mode operated by the control unit without the user instructions received from the interface”. Claim 1 also recites in a later part of the claim that “the control unit is configured to shift from the flight mode to the autonomous flight mode in response to receiving an instruction from the user via the interface”. These two recitations are contradictory because the autonomous flight mode is expressly defined as being operated without use instructions received via the interface, yet the claim also requires that the control unit transitions the device into autonomous flight mode by responding to receiving an instruction from the user via the interface. As a result, claim 1 simultaneously requires the autonomous flight mode to both exclude and rely upon user instructions received from the interface at some step during the transition between flight mode and autonomous flight mode. This renders the claim unclear as one of ordinary skill in the art would not reasonably understand whether user instructions received via the interface are required. Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments with respect to claim(s) 1 – 7 and 9 – 13 have been considered but are moot because the new ground of rejection does not rely on any reference applied in the prior rejection of record for any teaching or matter specifically challenged in the argument. Conclusion Applicant's amendment necessitated the new ground(s) of rejection presented in this Office action. Accordingly, THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. See MPEP § 706.07(a). Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to VALENTINA XAVIER whose telephone number is (571)272-9853. The examiner can normally be reached 10 am - 6:30 pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Joshua Huson can be reached on (571) 270-5301. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /VALENTINA XAVIER/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3642
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Dec 13, 2023
Application Filed
Nov 15, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Feb 10, 2025
Response Filed
May 15, 2025
Final Rejection — §112
Jul 07, 2025
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Jul 10, 2025
Examiner Interview Summary
Jul 16, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Jul 22, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jul 25, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Oct 08, 2025
Response Filed
Jan 24, 2026
Final Rejection — §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

5-6
Expected OA Rounds
75%
Grant Probability
84%
With Interview (+9.1%)
3y 1m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 747 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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