Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/575,183

HETEROJUNCTION CELL, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE CELL STRING AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Dec 28, 2023
Examiner
MOWLA, GOLAM
Art Unit
1721
Tech Center
1700 — Chemical & Materials Engineering
Assignee
Tongwei Solar (Hefei) Co. Ltd.
OA Round
3 (Non-Final)
61%
Grant Probability
Moderate
3-4
OA Rounds
3y 2m
To Grant
90%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 61% of resolved cases
61%
Career Allow Rate
540 granted / 881 resolved
-3.7% vs TC avg
Strong +29% interview lift
Without
With
+28.9%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 2m
Avg Prosecution
32 currently pending
Career history
913
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.4%
-39.6% vs TC avg
§103
46.8%
+6.8% vs TC avg
§102
24.5%
-15.5% vs TC avg
§112
22.0%
-18.0% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 881 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Email Communication Applicant is encouraged to authorize the Examiner to communicate via email by filing form PTO/SB/439 either via USPS, Central Fax, or EFS-Web. See MPEP 502.01, 502, 502.03. Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114 A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on 02/06/2026 has been entered. Response to Amendment Applicant’s amendment of 02/06/2026 does not place the Application in condition for allowance. Claims 1-10 are currently pending. In response to Office Action mailed on 11/17/2025, Applicant has amended claim 1. Claim 10 is withdrawn from consideration as being part of non-elected invention. Status of the Rejections Due to Applicant’s amendment of claim 1, all rejections from the Office Action mailed on 11/17/2025 are withdrawn. However, upon further consideration, a new ground of rejection is presented below. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The text of those sections of Title 35, U.S. Code not included in this action can be found in a prior Office action. Claims 1 and 9 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Bettinelli (CN 113678263 A) (refer to English translation as provided). Regarding claim 1, Bettinelli discloses a heterojunction cell (photovoltaic cell 50, figures 5-18), comprising: a cell sheet (50) having a front side (side that receives incident radiation, page 9) and a rear side (side that captures scattering or reflecting radiation) opposite to each other (see page 9) (see also figure 5); screen-printed grid lines (12) (screen printing gate line) configured as silver paste and provided on the front side and rear side of the cell sheet (50) (page 9 and figure 5); and a metal mesh (formed by 22 and 23, figure 18 and page 11) connected to the screen-printed grid lines (12) and fixed on the cell sheet (50), the metal mesh comprising a plurality of first metal wires (22) and a plurality of second metal wires (23), the plurality of first metal wires (22) being spaced apart along a first direction of the cell sheet (50), the plurality of second metal wires being spaced apart along a second direction of the cell sheet (50), the first metal wires (22) perpendicularly intersecting with the second metal wires (23) (see fig. 18), wherein the first metal wires (22) are configured as main grid lines, and the second metal wires (23) are configured as auxiliary grid lines (page 11), wherein each metal wire of the first metal wires (22) of the metal mesh is in contact with and bonded to a corresponding screen-printed grid line (12) (see fig. 18 that shows 22 overlaps/intersects with 12), PNG media_image1.png 218 552 media_image1.png Greyscale and each metal wire of the second metal wires (23) of the metal mesh is in electrical contact with and indirectly bonded to a corresponding screen-printed grid line (12) (see fig. 18 that shows 23 is in electrical contact with and bonded to 12 through 22). It is noted that instant claim does not require direct contact or direct bonding of second metal wires with the screen-printed grid line. Thus, the electrical contact and indirect bonding as shown by Bettinelli are interpreted to read on the claimed contact and bonding. Regarding claim 9, Bettinelli discloses a photovoltaic assembly cell string, comprising at least two heterojunction cells (3 cells shown in figure 17C) according to claim 1 (see rejection of claim 1), and the at least two heterojunction cells are connected into a string in a shingled manner (see figure 17C). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The text of those sections of Title 35, U.S. Code not included in this action can be found in a prior Office action. Claims 2-8 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Bettinelli as applied above. Regarding claim 2, Bettinelli further discloses that the screen-printed grid lines (12) are configured as silver paste wires (page 9), a width of the silver paste wire (12) is less than 60 μm (page 9), and a height of the silver paste wires (12) is less than 60 μm (page 9). Thus, claimed range overlaps with the disclosed range. In the case where the claimed ranges "overlap or lie inside ranges disclosed by the prior art" a prima facie case of obviousness exists (In re Wertheim, 541 F.2d 257, 191 USPQ 90 (CCPA 1976)) (MPEP § 2144.05 - (I)). Regarding claim 3, Bettinelli further discloses that the screen-printed grid lines (12) and the metal mesh (22 and 23) have the same structure (rectangular structure, see fig. 18), such that the screen-printed grid lines (12) are in full contact with and attached to the metal mesh (22 and 23) (see fig. 18). Regarding claim 4, Bettinelli further discloses that a distribution area of the screen-printed grid lines (12) on the cell sheet is less than a distribution area of the metal mesh (22, 23) on the cell sheet (50), such that the screen-printed grid lines (12) are in partial contact with and attached to the metal mesh (22, 23). Regarding claim 5, Bettinelli further discloses that the metal mesh (22, 23) is any one of alloy mesh (page 15, solder paste). Regarding claim 6, Bettinelli further discloses that a wire diameter of the main grid line (22) is greater than or equal to a wire diameter of the auxiliary grid line (23) (page 12). Regarding claim 7, Bettinelli further discloses that the main grid line (22) has a connecting wire segment (36) (fig. 17B), and the connecting wire segment extends (36) to one side or two opposite sides of the cell sheet (50) (rectangular segment extends both sides, fig. 17B). Regarding claim 8, Bettinelli further discloses that the auxiliary grid line (23) has a connecting wire segment (36) (fig. 17B), and the connecting wire segment (36) extends to one side or two opposite sides of the cell sheet (50) (rectangular segment extends both sides, fig. 17B). Response to Arguments Applicant's arguments with respect to claims 1-9 have been considered but are moot in view of the new ground(s) of rejection as necessitated by the amendments. Applicant argues that Bettinelli fails to disclose that the second metal wires of the metal mesh is in electrical contact with and indirectly bonded to a corresponding screen-printed grid line. The examiner respectfully disagrees. Bettinelli discloses that each metal wire of the second metal wires (23) of the metal mesh is in electrical contact with and indirectly bonded to a corresponding screen-printed grid line (12) (see fig. 18 that shows 23 is in electrical contact with and bonded to 12 through 22). It is noted that instant claim does not require direct contact or direct bonding of second metal wires with the screen-printed grid line. Thus, the electrical contact and indirect bonding as shown by Bettinelli are interpreted to read on the claimed contact and bonding. Correspondence/Contact Information Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to GOLAM MOWLA whose telephone number is (571)270-5268. The examiner can normally be reached on M-Th, 7am - 4pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Allison Bourke can be reached on 303-297-4684. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see https://ppair-my.uspto.gov/pair/PrivatePair. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /GOLAM MOWLA/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 1721
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Dec 28, 2023
Application Filed
Aug 08, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103
Nov 05, 2025
Response Filed
Nov 13, 2025
Final Rejection — §102, §103
Jan 08, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Feb 05, 2026
Request for Continued Examination
Feb 08, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Feb 21, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
61%
Grant Probability
90%
With Interview (+28.9%)
3y 2m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 881 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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