Prosecution Insights
Last updated: May 04, 2026
Application No. 18/581,491

POWER CONVERSION DEVICE

Final Rejection §102§103
Filed
Feb 20, 2024
Priority
Jul 11, 2023 — RE 10-2023-0089755
Examiner
FENG, ZHENGFU J
Art Unit
2835
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
HL Mando Corporation
OA Round
2 (Final)
75%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
4m
Est. Remaining
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 75% — above average
75%
Career Allowance Rate
378 granted / 501 resolved
+7.4% vs TC avg
Strong +39% interview lift
Without
With
+38.7%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 7m
Avg Prosecution
14 currently pending
Career history
515
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§103
52.5%
+12.5% vs TC avg
§102
26.3%
-13.7% vs TC avg
§112
19.1%
-20.9% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 501 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-4, 6-8 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Nagaune (US 2014/0054762).Re claim 1: Nagaune discloses A power conversion device (everything in fig. 1(b)), comprising: a semiconductor module (14, 15, 16, 1 in fig. 1(a)) having a heat dissipation fin (11 in fig. 3); and a flow path (flow path of 201 in fig. 4) through which a coolant (‘cooling medium’ in para. 0055) flows, allowing the coolant to flow at least at an area where the heat dissipation fin is positioned (fig. 4), wherein the flow path is configured to direct a flow of the coolant upward (the flow path of 201 directs a cooling medium upward in fig. 4).Re claim 2: Nagaune discloses wherein a guide portion (25 and the zigzag section of 2 that connects to it in fig. 4) is formed on a lower surface of the flow path at a position ahead of the heat dissipation fin and obliquely protrude upward toward a flow direction of the coolant (lower surface of the flow path of 201 at a position that’s ahead of the 11’s and obliquely protrudes upward toward a flow direction of 201 in fig. 4).Re claim 3: Nagaune discloses wherein an upper end of the guide portion is positioned higher than a lower end of the heat dissipation fin (top end of 25 is above the bottom end of 11 in fig. 4).Re claim 4: Nagaune discloses wherein the guide portion includes an inclined portion inclined upward and a flat portion horizontally extending in the flow direction from an upper end of the inclined portion (the upper end of the inclined portion below 25 has a flat portion horizontally extending from it in the flow direction in fig. 4).Re claim 6: Nagaune discloses wherein the guide portion includes a stepped portion (25 in fig. 4) protruding upward from a rear end of the flat portion (top end of the flat portion in fig. 4).Re claim 7: Nagaune discloses wherein the stepped portion is formed extending in a width direction from one widthwise end of the flat portion to other widthwise end of the flat portion (25 extends from left to right from its bottom left to its bottom right in fig. 4).Re claim 8: Nagaune discloses wherein the stepped portion has a constant height (25 has a constant height in fig. 4). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 10-18 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Nagaune (US 2014/0054762) in view of Chen (US 2007/0215335).Re claim 10: Nagaune discloses A power conversion device (everything in fig. 1(b)), comprising: a housing (2 in fig. 4) having a flow path through which a coolant flows (flow path of 201 in fig. 4), wherein the flow path includes a heat exchanger (11’s in fig. 3, 4) having an opening in an upper portion thereof (the channels on the right end of the upper portion of 11 form an opening that lets 201 pass in fig. 4), and wherein a guide portion (25 and the zigzag section of 2 that connects to it in fig. 4) obliquely protruding upward (fig. 4) is formed on a lower surface of the flow path (lower surface of the flow path of 201 in fig. 4); a cover (1 in fig. 4) covering the upper portion of the heat exchanger (1 covers the upper portion of the 11’s in fig. 4), coupled to the housing (1 is coupled to 2 in fig. 4); and a semiconductor module (14, 15, 16 in fig. 1(a)) coupled to the cover (fig. 1(a)). Nagaune does not explicitly disclose wherein the cover having a communication hole communicating with the heat exchanger; and having a heat dissipation fin inserted into the communication hole. Chen discloses wherein the cover (10 in fig. 2) having a communication hole (142 in fig. 2) communicating with the heat exchanger (20’s in fig. 2); and having a heat dissipation fin (20 in fig. 2) inserted into the communication hole (fig. 2). Thus it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the power conversion device of Nagaune wherein the cover having a communication hole communicating with the heat exchanger; and having a heat dissipation fin inserted into the communication hole as taught by Chen, in order to be able to use different materials for the cover and the heat exchanger to make use of different material properties as needed. For example, copper has excellent heat conduction but aluminum is lighter and cost-effective.Re claim 11: The modified Nagaune discloses wherein the heat dissipation fin is positioned behind the guide portion in the heat exchanger (11 is behind 25 in fig. 4).Re claim 12: The modified Nagaune discloses wherein an upper end of the guide portion is positioned higher than a lower end of the heat dissipation fin. (top end of 25 is above the bottom end of 11 in fig. 4).Re claim 13: The modified Nagaune discloses wherein the guide portion includes an inclined portion inclined upward toward a flow direction of the coolant and a flat portion horizontally extending from an upper end of the inclined portion in the flow direction. (the upper end of the inclined portion below 25 has a flat portion horizontally extending from it in the flow direction in fig. 4).Re claim 14: The modified Nagaune does not explicitly disclose wherein the inclined portion is formed as a convex curved surface. However, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the power conversion device of the modified Nagaune wherein the inclined portion is formed as a convex curved surface in order to provide smoother flow for the coolant, since such a modification would have involved a mere change in the shape of a component. A change in shape is generally recognized as being within the level of ordinary skill in the art. In re Dailey, 357 F.2d 669, 149 USPQ 47 (CCPA 1966).Re claim 15: The modified Nagaune discloses wherein the guide portion includes a stepped portion (25 in fig. 4) protruding upward from a rear end of the flat portion (top end of the flat portion in fig. 4).Re claim 16: The modified Nagaune discloses wherein the stepped portion is formed extending in a width direction from one widthwise end of the flat portion to other widthwise end of the flat portion (25 extends from left to right from its bottom left to its bottom right in fig. 4).Re claim 17: The modified Nagaune discloses wherein the stepped portion has a constant height along the width direction (25 has a constant height from left to right in fig. 4).Re claim 18: The modified Nagaune does not explicitly disclose wherein a front surface of the stepped portion is connected to the flat portion through a concave surface. However, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the power conversion device of the modified Nagaune wherein a front surface of the stepped portion is connected to the flat portion through a concave surface in order to provide smoother flow for the coolant, since such a modification would have involved a mere change in the shape of a component. A change in shape is generally recognized as being within the level of ordinary skill in the art. In re Dailey, 357 F.2d 669, 149 USPQ 47 (CCPA 1966). Claims 5, 9 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Nagaune (US 2014/0054762).Re claim 5: Nagaune does not explicitly disclose wherein the inclined portion is formed as a convex curved surface. However, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the power conversion device of Nagaune wherein the inclined portion is formed as a convex curved surface in order to provide smoother flow for the coolant, since such a modification would have involved a mere change in the shape of a component. A change in shape is generally recognized as being within the level of ordinary skill in the art. In re Dailey, 357 F.2d 669, 149 USPQ 47 (CCPA 1966).Re claim 9: Nagaune does not explicitly disclose wherein a front surface of the stepped portion is connected to the flat portion through a concave surface. However, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the power conversion device of Nagaune wherein a front surface of the stepped portion is connected to the flat portion through a concave surface in order to provide smoother flow for the coolant, since such a modification would have involved a mere change in the shape of a component. A change in shape is generally recognized as being within the level of ordinary skill in the art. In re Dailey, 357 F.2d 669, 149 USPQ 47 (CCPA 1966). Allowable Subject Matter Claims 19, 20 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. The following is a statement of reasons for allowance: the limitations of claim 19 (wherein a first inclined surface is formed on a lower surface of the cover and is positioned ahead of the communication hole and inclined upward toward a flow direction of the coolant) in combination with the rest of the limitations of claim 10 are believed to render the combined subject matter allowable over the prior art of record. The following is a statement of reasons for allowance: the limitations of claim 20 (wherein a second inclined surface is formed on a lower surface of the cover and is positioned behind the communication hole and inclined downward toward a flow direction of the coolant) in combination with the rest of the limitations of claim 10 are believed to render the combined subject matter allowable over the prior art of record. Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure: US 7,564,129 – is considered pertinent because this reference describes a power semiconductor module. US 2020/0286812 – is considered pertinent because this reference describes a refrigerant channel of a heatsink. US 2023/0044486 – is considered pertinent because this reference describes a liquid cooling jacket with a refrigerant flow path. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ZHENGFU J FENG whose telephone number is (571) 272-2949. The examiner can normally be reached on Monday - Friday, 10AM - 6PM EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Jayprakash Gandhi can be reached on (571) 272-3740. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/ docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /ZHENGFU J FENG/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2835 November 29, 2025
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Feb 20, 2024
Application Filed
Nov 29, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103
Feb 25, 2026
Response Filed
Apr 29, 2026
Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12615708
SWITCHING POWER CONVERTER MODULE WITH A HEAT DISSIPATION STRUCTURE
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Patent 12610491
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MOUNTING INFORMATION HANDLING SYSTEMS TO SERVER RACKS USING A SPACER
2y 9m to grant Granted Apr 21, 2026
Patent 12610819
INTEGRATED COOLING ASSEMBLIES FOR ADVANCED DEVICE PACKAGING AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
2y 4m to grant Granted Apr 21, 2026
Patent 12604432
MODULAR ENCLOSURES FOR COMPONENT COOLING
2y 11m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12604437
COMPACT MODULAR HYBRID HEAT EXCHANGER (CMH2X)
2y 7m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
75%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+38.7%)
2y 7m (~4m remaining)
Median Time to Grant
Moderate
PTA Risk
Based on 501 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allowance rate.

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