Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/583,369

Methods and Devices for Treating Tricuspid Valve Disease

Non-Final OA §101§102§103
Filed
Feb 21, 2024
Examiner
MAHMOOD, NADIA AHMAD
Art Unit
3796
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Michael J Horzewski
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
90%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 7m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 90% — above average
90%
Career Allow Rate
792 granted / 879 resolved
+20.1% vs TC avg
Moderate +9% lift
Without
With
+8.7%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 7m
Avg Prosecution
26 currently pending
Career history
905
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
4.6%
-35.4% vs TC avg
§103
36.9%
-3.1% vs TC avg
§102
36.0%
-4.0% vs TC avg
§112
6.8%
-33.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 879 resolved cases

Office Action

§101 §102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 101 35 U.S.C. 101 reads as follows: Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject to the conditions and requirements of this title. Section 33(a) of the America Invents Act reads as follows: Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no patent may issue on a claim directed to or encompassing a human organism. Claims 1-8 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 101 and section 33(a) of the America Invents Act as being directed to or encompassing a human organism. See also Animals - Patentability, 1077 Off. Gaz. Pat. Office 24 (April 21, 1987) (indicating that human organisms are excluded from the scope of patentable subject matter under 35 U.S.C. 101). The claimed invention in claim 1 recites “the supplemental valve structure extends into at least one of the inferior vena cava; and the supplemental valve being positioned in or adjacent the right atrium…” This reads on the valve being in contact with the body. Applicant is advised to change the term “extends into” to “configured to extend into” and “being positioned in or adjacent” to “configured to be positioned in or adjacent to.” Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-5, 9-10, and 14 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by U.S. Patent Application Publication No 2017/0165061 granted to Figulla et al (hereinafter “Figulla”). In reference to claim 1, Figulla discloses a supplemental valve apparatus for implantation into the right atrium, comprising: a supplemental valve [e.g. Figure 1: heart valve 15]; and the supplemental valve coupled to at least one supplemental valve structure [e.g. Figure 1: support structure 11], the supplemental valve structure extends into at least one of the inferior vena cava or superior vena cava [e.g. 0037]; and the supplemental valve being positioned in or adjacent the right atrium [e.g. 0037]. In reference to claim 2, Figulla discloses wherein: the supplemental valve is a biologic valve [e.g. 0039]. In reference to claim 3, Figulla discloses wherein: the supplemental valve apparatus is positioned within the right atrium, and anchored in position by a structure extending into the inferior vena cava and into the superior vena cava [e.g. 0038]. In reference to claim 4, Figulla discloses wherein: the supplemental valve apparatus includes one or more of a jacket and/or seal(s) [e.g. Figure 1: fluid tight covering 16] to direct blood flow from the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava through the supplemental valve [e.g. 0039]. In reference to claim 5, Figulla discloses wherein: the supplemental valve apparatus is configured to enable percutaneous delivery via a delivery system [e.g. 0032 and 0041]. In reference to claim 9, Figulla discloses a method for treating a compromised tricuspid valve, comprising: a supplemental valve apparatus [e.g. heart valve prosthesis 10] including a supplemental valve [e.g. heart valve 15]; leaving the existing tricuspid valve in position [e.g. 0037]; placing a supplemental valve in or adjacent the right atrium [e.g. 0037]; maintaining the position of the supplemental valve with a structure located at least in part within the superior vena cava and/or the inferior vena cava [e.g. 0037-0038]; and directing blood flow from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava through the supplemental valve [e.g. 0039]. In reference to claim 10, Figulla discloses wherein the supplemental valve apparatus is delivered to the desired location percutaneously [e.g. 0032]. In reference to claim 14, Figulla discloses wherein: the supplemental valve is deployed in or adjacent the right atrium, and then the supplemental valve apparatus is anchored in position [e.g. 0037-0038]. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 6-8 and 11-13 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Figulla in view of U.S. Patent Application Publication No 2020/0129290 granted to Ottma et al (hereinafter “Ottma”). In reference to claim 6, Figulla discloses the supplemental valve apparatus includes a delivery system for deploying a supplemental valve into the right atrium [e.g. 0032]; the supplemental valve apparatus having a supplemental valve [e.g. 0039], an inferior vena cava leg for anchoring at least a portion of the supplemental valve apparatus in the inferior vena cava, and a superior vena cava leg, for anchoring at least a portion of the supplemental valve apparatus in the superior vena cava [e.g. 0038]. Figulla, however, fails to disclose an inner shaft; an outer shaft; and a supplemental valve apparatus positioned between the inner shaft and the outer shaft, the outer shaft configured to be retracted with respect to the inner shaft to deploy the supplemental valve apparatus. Ottma discloses a catheter system for implantation of prosthetic valves and describes an inner shaft [e.g. Figure 4: cannula 12], an outer shaft [e.g. Figure 4: sleeve 7]; and a supplemental valve apparatus positioned between the inner shaft and the outer shaft, the outer shaft configured to be retracted with respect to the inner shaft to deploy the supplemental valve apparatus [e.g. Figure 4: anchoring support 10 is located between cannula 12 and sleeve 7]. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention to modify the system of Figulla to include the inner and outer shaft and the supplemental valve apparatus located between the two as taught by Ottma, since such a modification would provide the predictable results of being able to implant the valve with minimal invasion. In reference to claim 7, Figulla discloses the supplemental valve apparatus includes a delivery system for deploying a supplemental valve into the right atrium [e.g. 0032]; the supplemental valve apparatus having a supplemental valve [e.g. 0039], an inferior vena cava leg for anchoring at least a portion of the supplemental valve apparatus in the inferior vena cava, and a superior vena cava leg, for anchoring at least a portion of the supplemental valve apparatus in the superior vena cava [e.g. 0038]. Figulla, however, fails to disclose a distal shaft; a proximal shaft; and a supplemental valve apparatus positioned between the distal shaft and the proximal shaft, the distal shaft configured to be advanced with respect to the proximal shaft to deploy the supplemental valve apparatus. Ottma discloses a catheter system for implantation of prosthetic valves and describes a distal shaft [e.g. Figure 4: sleeve-shaped element 5]; a proximal shaft [e.g. Figure 4: sleeve 4]; and a supplemental valve apparatus positioned between the distal shaft and the proximal shaft, the distal shaft configured to be advanced with respect to the proximal shaft to deploy the supplemental valve apparatus [e.g. Figure 4: anchoring support 10 is located between cannula 12 and sleeve 7; paragraph 0062]. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention to modify the system of Figulla to include distal and proximal shaft and the supplemental valve apparatus located between the two as taught by Ottma, since such a modification would provide the predictable results of being able to implant the valve with minimal invasion. In reference to claim 8, Figulla discloses the supplemental valve apparatus includes a delivery system for deploying a supplemental valve into the right atrium [e.g. 0032]; the supplemental valve apparatus having a supplemental valve [e.g. 0039], an inferior vena cava leg for anchoring at least a portion of the supplemental valve apparatus in the inferior vena cava, and a superior vena cava leg, for anchoring at least a portion of the supplemental valve apparatus in the superior vena cava [e.g. 0038]. Figulla, however, fails to disclose a distal shaft; a proximal shaft; an outer shaft; and a supplemental valve apparatus positioned between the distal shaft and the proximal shaft, the distal shaft configured to be advanced with respect to the proximal shaft to deploy the supplemental valve apparatus. Ottma discloses a catheter system for implantation of prosthetic valves and describes a distal shaft [e.g. Figure 4: sleeve-shaped element 5]; a proximal shaft [e.g. Figure 4: sleeve 4]; an outer shaft [e.g. Figure 4: sleeve 7]; and a supplemental valve apparatus positioned between the distal shaft and the proximal shaft, the distal shaft configured to be advanced with respect to the proximal shaft to deploy the supplemental valve apparatus [e.g. Figure 4: anchoring support 10 is located between cannula 12 and sleeve 7; paragraph 0062]. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention to modify the system of Figulla to include distal, proximal, and outer shaft and the supplemental valve apparatus located between the two as taught by Ottma, since such a modification would provide the predictable results of being able to implant the valve with minimal invasion. In reference to claims 11-13, Figulla discloses a method for treating a compromised tricuspid valve but fails to disclose the supplemental valve apparatus is deployed at least in part by advancing a distal shaft and retracting an outer shaft. Ottma discloses a catheter system for implantation of prosthetic valves and describes a valve apparatus being deployed at least in part by retracting an outer shaft [e.g. 0060] and the valve apparatus being deployed at least in part by advancing a distal shaft [e.g. 0062]. It would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention to modify the system of Figulla to have the supplemental valve apparatus deployed at least in part by advancing a distal shaft and retracting an outer shaft as taught by Ottma, since such a modification would provide the predictable results of implanting the valve with minimal invasion. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to NADIA AHMAD MAHMOOD whose telephone number is (571)270-3975. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday 8am-4pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, David Hamaoui can be reached at 571-270-5625. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /NADIA A MAHMOOD/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3796
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Feb 21, 2024
Application Filed
Dec 04, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §101, §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12588854
ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL BEAT SELECTION
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12589253
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ALIGNING A CHARGER FOR AN IMPLANTED MEDICAL DEVICE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12589250
ASSEMBLIES AND METHODS FOR WIRELESSLY INTERFACING WITH AN IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12576275
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NEUROSTIMULATION ACCORDING TO USER ACTIVITY AND AUTOMATED BALANCING OF STIMULATION PROGRAM DURATION
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12569181
ECG Waveform Display Method and Medium Thereof, and Electronic Device
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
90%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+8.7%)
2y 7m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 879 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month