Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/598,027

ROAMING IN A MULTI-LINK DEVICE TOPOLOGY

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Mar 07, 2024
Examiner
MANOHARAN, MUTHUSWAMY GANAPATHY
Art Unit
2647
Tech Center
2600 — Communications
Assignee
Cisco Technology Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
65%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 7m
To Grant
82%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 65% — above average
65%
Career Allow Rate
409 granted / 627 resolved
+3.2% vs TC avg
Strong +17% interview lift
Without
With
+16.8%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 7m
Avg Prosecution
47 currently pending
Career history
674
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
2.1%
-37.9% vs TC avg
§103
64.9%
+24.9% vs TC avg
§102
20.2%
-19.8% vs TC avg
§112
6.1%
-33.9% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 627 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1-9, 11-20 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) as being anticipated by Zhou et al. (hereinafter Zhou)(US 2025/0351179). Regarding claim 1, Zhou teaches a method, comprising: detecting, by an Access Point (AP) actor, that a communication metric characterizing communication between the AP actor and a non-AP actor is indicative of reduced communication quality(P[0305], signal quality of links 1 and link2 may be degraded); in response to detecting, sending a request, by the AP actor, to the non-AP actor for a beacon report for respective link metric values for a plurality of non-collocated AP actors(AP MLD1 carry a reconfiguration multi-link element in a beacon frame); receiving, in response to the request and from the non-AP actor, the beacon report including the respective link metric values for the plurality of non-collocated AP actors(P[0305], signal quality of link 1 and link 2 (collocated actors) may be degraded and received signal strength indicator is below threshold; but the AP MLD 2(non-collocated AP actors) over link 3 to serve non-AP MLD 1); and based on the respective link metric values for the plurality of non-collocated AP actors, sending, by the AP actor, to the non-AP actor, a list of a subset of the plurality of non-collocated AP actors from which the non-AP actor may select to roam(non-AP MLD1 is connected to AP MLD2(many APs connected to AP MLD 2; Fig. 31) over link 3 based on reconfiguration beacon frame). Regarding claim 2, Zhou teaches the method of claim 1, further comprising: defining a mobility domain that includes the AP actor and the plurality of non-collocated AP actors; and enabling control plane communication among the AP actor and the plurality of non- collocated AP actors(Fig. 41; non-collocated AP actors; seamless roaming provide control plane roaming (virtual MLD MAC); virtual AP MLD in Fig. 41). Regarding claim 3, Zhou teaches the method of claim 2, further comprising assigning a mobility domain-unique link ID to teach AP in the AP actor and to each AP in the plurality of non-collocated AP actors(P[0191], configuration fields include link ID information; P[0305], reconfiguration information). Regarding claim 4, Zhou teaches the method of claim 3, wherein the list of the subset of the plurality of non-collocated AP actors comprises respective mobility domain-unique link IDs corresponding to APs in the plurality of non-collocated AP actors(P[0305], AP MLD 2(non-co-located AP) can carry a multilink element). Regarding claim 5, Zhou teaches the ethod of claim 2, wherein the AP actor and the non-collocated AP actors are multi-link devices (MLDs)(Fig. 41, MLDs). Regarding claim 6, Zhou teaches the method of claim 1, wherein the link metric values are comprised of at least one of signal strength or signal quality values. (RCPI - received channel power indicator RSNI received signal to noise indicator(P[0305], signal strength). Regarding claim 8, Zhou teaches the method of claim 1, wherein sending the list of a subset of the plurality of non- collocated AP actors from which the non-AP actor may select to roam comprises sending the list via a neighbor report element in at least one of a basic service set transition management (BTM) request frame, a BTM query frame, or neighbor report response frame(P[0181], multi-AP MLD sounding reference frame includes virtual basic service sets; candidate set ID field. Regarding claim 8, Zhou teaches the method of claim 1, further comprising executing, with the non-AP actor, a roaming procedure by a selected one of the plurality of non-collocated AP actors on the list(P[0305], reconfiguration with non-collocated link 3 connected). Regarding claim 9, Zhou teaches the method of claim 1, further comprising, after the non-AP actor roams to an AP in the plurality of non-collocated AP actors, one of the AP actor or non-AP actor initiating a remove link procedure between the AP actor and the non-AP actor(P[0305], announce removal of affiliated APs corresponding to link 1 and link 2 by the AP MLD; multiple AP MLDs). Claims 11-17 are rejected for the same reason as set forth in claims 1-7 respectively. Claims 18-20 are rejected for the same reason as set forth in claims 1-3 respectively. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 10 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Zhou et al. (hereinafter Zhou)(US 2025/0351179) in view of Asterjadhi et al. (hereinafter Asterjadhi)(US 2021/0007168). Regarding claim 10, Zhou teaches all the particulars of the claim except the method of claim 1, wherein the non-AP actor verifies the respective link metric values associated with the plurality of non-collocated AP actors while in a power save mode. However, Asterjadhi teaches in an analogous art wherein the non-AP actor verifies the respective link metric values associated with the plurality of non-collocated AP actors while in a power save mode(P[0137], non-AP MLD in a power save mode in such that STA interface to the auxiliary link). Therefore, it would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the invention to use the method wherein the non-AP actor verifies the respective link metric values associated with the plurality of non-collocated AP actors while in a power save mode in order to have improved efficiency. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MUTHUSWAMY GANAPATHY MANOHARAN whose telephone number is (571)272-5515. The examiner can normally be reached 6:30am-3:00pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Alison T Slater can be reached at 571-270-0375. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /MUTHUSWAMY G MANOHARAN/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2647
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Mar 07, 2024
Application Filed
Feb 06, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
65%
Grant Probability
82%
With Interview (+16.8%)
3y 7m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 627 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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