Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/616,779

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GAS SENSOR DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS BY METERED SAMPLE EVAPORATION

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Mar 26, 2024
Examiner
KIRKLAND III, FREDDIE
Art Unit
2855
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Rare Combinations LLC
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
85%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 4m
To Grant
95%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 85% — above average
85%
Career Allow Rate
958 granted / 1132 resolved
+16.6% vs TC avg
Moderate +11% lift
Without
With
+10.6%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 4m
Avg Prosecution
34 currently pending
Career history
1166
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
4.0%
-36.0% vs TC avg
§103
34.2%
-5.8% vs TC avg
§102
40.4%
+0.4% vs TC avg
§112
15.6%
-24.4% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1132 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
FIRST NON-FINAL REJECTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Objections Claim 2 recites the limitation "the one or more sensors" in lines 1 and 3 of the claim. There is insufficient antecedent basis for this limitation in the claim. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1 and 5-7 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Yazaki JP3220024 (citations from translation). With respect to claim 1, Yazaki teaches a detection system for measuring the concentration of a volatile or gaseous compound in a liquid (alcohol concentration measuring device, figure 1), comprising: a reservoir (sensor chamber 2, figure 2) configured to receive the liquid (sensor chamber 2 receives a sample liquid, page 4); an evaporator (heating means 9, figure 2) configured to evaporate or vaporize the liquid received in the reservoir into a gas including an amount of a liquid sample (heating means 9 for heating the sample held in the filter paper holder 12 to a predetermined temperature to evaporate the alcohol, page 4); one or more gas sensors (gas sensor 7, figure 2) coupled to the evaporator and configured to sense the amount of the liquid sample in the gas to measure the concentration of the volatile or gaseous compound (gas sensor 7 outputs a highly accurate sensor output in response to the alcohol concentration in the gas phase in the sensor chamber 2, page 4). With respect to claim 5, Yazaki teaches wherein the detection system is configured to measure the concentration of the volatile or gaseous compound in the liquid independent of atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure, sample temperature, sample viscosity, off-target compounds, or other environmental variables in the liquid (the alcohol concentration measuring device having the sensor chamber 2 is independent of atmospheric conditions, figure 1). With respect to claim 6, Yazaki teaches wherein the detection system is configured to measure the concentration of the volatile or gaseous compound in the liquid negligibly unaffected by viscosity, carbonation, turbidity, sugar content, or acid content of the liquid (the alcohol concentration measuring device is configured for detecting an alcohol concentration suitable for measuring an alcohol concentration of a fermented product in a brewing process, therefore the liquid is interpreted as being carbonated and/or acidic, page 1). With respect to claim 7, Yazaki teaches wherein the detection system is configured to meter one or more of the liquid and the gas via one or more of volumetric measurement of the liquid, limiting evaporation or vaporization time, volumetric airflow measurement, and mass measurement (control circuit 16 powers the heater 4 and the power supply to the heater 4 is controlled to meter the evaporation time, page 5). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 2, 8, 10-12 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Yazaki JP3220024 (citations from translation) in view of Carbonelli et al. U.S. Patent Application Publication 2020/0271605. With respect to claims 2 and 8, Yazaki teaches wherein the one or more sensors are configured to provide a varying voltage output proportional to a compound in the amount of the liquid sample in the gas near the one or more sensors (interpreted as the sensor output of the gas sensor 7, pages 5 and 6), vaporizing or evaporating the liquid to form a compound-rich gas (heating means 9 for heating the sample held in the filter paper holder 12 to a predetermined temperature to evaporate the alcohol, page 4); moving the compound-rich gas to the one or more gas sensors (fan 5 moves evaporated gas, page 4); collecting gas sensor readings (sensor output is read by central processing unit 22, page 5); normalizing integration of the integrated gas sensor readings (the sensor data is rounded step S37, page 8); computing output of the concentration of a volatile or gaseous compound in the liquid based on calibration (alcohol concentration is detected and calibration is performed, page 8 and 9). Yazaki fails to teach the detection system further including a controller configured to receive sensor values from the one or more gas sensors and calculate an amount of compound in the liquid based on integrating the collected gas sensor readings received from the one or more gas sensors. Carbonelli teaches a gas sensing device that includes a preprocessing block for filtering signal samples in order to generate filtered signal samples for each of the gas sensors, an information extraction block for generating representations for the filtered signal samples for each of the gas sensors based on dynamic characteristics of the received filtered signal samples of the respective gas sensor (abstract), where a phase space integral calculation stage 21 is configured for calculating a phase space integral of the one of the filtered signal samples FFS for each of the gas sensors 2 (paragraph 152). Accordingly, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made to modify the invention of Yazaki with the method of integrating the sensor signals as taught by Carbonelli in order to provide a sensor device with increased accuracy (paragraph 29). With respect to claim 10, Yazaki teaches wherein the detection system is configured to meter one or more of the liquid and the gas via one or more of volumetric measurement of the liquid, limiting evaporation or vaporization time, volumetric airflow measurement, and mass measurement (control circuit 16 powers the heater 4 and the power supply to the heater 4 is controlled to meter the evaporation time, page 5). With respect to claim 11, Yazaki teaches wherein the detection system is configured to measure the concentration of the volatile or gaseous compound in the liquid independent of atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure, sample temperature, sample viscosity, off-target compounds, or other environmental variables in the liquid (the alcohol concentration measuring device having the sensor chamber 2 is independent of atmospheric conditions, figure 1). With respect to claim 12, Yazaki teaches wherein the detection system is configured to measure the concentration of the volatile or gaseous compound in the liquid negligibly unaffected by viscosity, carbonation, turbidity, sugar content, or acid content of the liquid (the alcohol concentration measuring device is configured for detecting an alcohol concentration suitable for measuring an alcohol concentration of a fermented product in a brewing process, therefore the liquid is interpreted as being carbonated and/or acidic, page 1). Claim(s) 3, 4, and 9 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Yazaki JP3220024 (citations from translation) in view of Carbonelli et al. U.S. Patent Application Publication 2020/0271605 and further in view of De-Stefani U.S. Patent Application Publication 2021/0322711. With respect to claims 3, 4, and 9, Yazaki as modified by Carbonelli teaches the claimed invention except wherein the evaporator includes an ultrasonic disk configured to vaporize the liquid to form a compound rich gas, wherein the ultrasonic disk is configured to vaporize the liquid into one of faster vaporization yielding a jet of vapor mist and slower, pulsed vaporization. De-Stefani teaches a device for evaporating liquid wherein the evaporation apparatus can be a heating apparatus with which the liquid reservoir is heated and evaporated or an ultrasonic nebulize wherein the operating power level that is modifiable by the control apparatus depending on the ascertainment result is the operating power level of the ultrasonic nebulizer (paragraphs 51-52). Accordingly, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made to modify the method of evaporating the liquid of Yazaki as modified by Carbonelli with ultrasonic method of evaporation as taught by De0Stefani in order make a more efficient measuring system. Claim(s) 13 and 14 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Yazaki JP3220024 (citations from translation) in view of Carbonelli et al. U.S. Patent Application Publication 2020/0271605 and further in view of Oltyan et al. U.S. Patent Application Publication 2019/0145947. With respect to claims 13 and 14, Yazaki teaches measuring an alcohol concentration of a fermented product in a brewing process and computing output includes computing output of an alcohol level in the liquid based on calibration (alcohol concentration is detected and calibration is performed, pages 1, 8 and 9), but Yazaki as modified by Carbonelli fails to teach wherein the liquid is a beverage including alcohol or kombucha and vaporizing or evaporating the liquid includes vaporizing or evaporating the beverage to form a compound-rich gas. Oltyan teaches device and method for estimating the alcohol-by-volume (ABV) of a liquid inside a fermentation or distillation vessel, without opening the vessel or requiring a liquid sample, where the liquid may be kombucha (abstract, paragraph 3). Accordingly, it would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art at the time the invention was made to modify the invention of Yazaki as modified by Carbonelli and determine the alcohol concentration of beverage that includes kombucha as taught by Oltyan in order to more accurately determined the alcohol concentration of the liquid beverages. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to FREDDIE KIRKLAND III whose telephone number is (571)272-2232. The examiner can normally be reached 9am-5pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, John Breene can be reached at (571) 272-4107. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. FREDDIE KIRKLAND III Primary Examiner Art Unit 2855 /Freddie Kirkland III/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2855 3/20/2026
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Mar 26, 2024
Application Filed
Mar 20, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103
Apr 14, 2026
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Apr 14, 2026
Examiner Interview Summary

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12594549
PLUNGER ROD AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A PLUNGER ROD
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12590868
ADJUSTABLE TEST OBJECT HOLDER FOR A DRIVE TRAIN, TEST BENCH, AND DRIVE TRAIN TEST BENCH
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12584836
INSTRUMENTED PENDULUM FOR MINIATURIZED CHARPY IMPACT TEST AND CHARPY IMPACT MACHINE COMPRISING THE INSTRUMENTED PENDULUM
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12583129
TORQUE SENSOR AND ROBOT
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12584592
A system for checking the functionality of a pressure relief valve
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
85%
Grant Probability
95%
With Interview (+10.6%)
2y 4m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1132 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month