Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/621,630

CARDIAC TREATMENT AND ANALYSIS

Non-Final OA §102
Filed
Mar 29, 2024
Examiner
GANESAN, SUNDHARA M
Art Unit
3784
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
The Board Of Regents Of The Nevada System Of Higher Education On Behalf Of The University Of Navada
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
70%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 7m
To Grant
96%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 70% — above average
70%
Career Allow Rate
461 granted / 657 resolved
At TC average
Strong +26% interview lift
Without
With
+25.6%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 7m
Avg Prosecution
21 currently pending
Career history
678
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
5.8%
-34.2% vs TC avg
§103
35.0%
-5.0% vs TC avg
§102
33.8%
-6.2% vs TC avg
§112
15.2%
-24.8% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 657 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Election/Restrictions Applicant’s election without traverse of Species A, methods and systems for achieving maximum cardiac exertion (figs. 1 and 2) in the reply filed on 1/13/2026 is acknowledged. Claims 5-7 and 20-22 are withdrawn from further consideration pursuant to 37 CFR 1.142(b) as being drawn to a nonelected Species, there being no allowable generic or linking claim. Election was made without traverse in the reply filed on 1/13/2026. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1-4 and 8 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Fung (US PGPub. 2018/0161626). Fung describes the same invention as claimed, including: Regarding claim 1, A method comprising: causing a head mounted visual display (VR/AR headset 400, or device 120 in Fig. 1) worn by a patient to output visual imagery configured to affect a psychological perception of the patient (via brain function tasks and game play); causing exercise equipment (para. 47: “While different embodiments may use different types of aerobic exercise equipment such as but not limited to elliptical 140, exercise bike (not shown), VR-specific, enhanced treadmill (see FIG. 7), rowing machine (not shown) and cross-country ski machine, just to name a few examples known to those skilled in the art, some type of aerobic exercise is part of the system.”) in use by the patient to affect a physical exercise performed by the patient; measuring, via one or more sensors, a cardiac exertion of the patient (para. 8: “a biometrics headset designed to monitor electrical brain activity (EEG), muscle activity (EMG), and heart rate (EKG),”); determining, based on the cardiac exertion of the patient, that the patient has not reached a maximum cardiac exertion (Fig. 2, step 206 “Is exercise intensity ideal?”); and adjusting one or more of the visual imagery or the physical exercise, wherein the adjustment causes the patient to reach the maximum cardiac exertion (para. 48: “The system may thus make use of a heart-rate and respiration sensor band 145a to regulate a participant' s exercise intensity level to be within the range specified for the desired neurogenically mediated functional outcome.” And para. 49: “To insure optimal neurogenesis mediated improvements in targeted brain function in the presence of a known desired outcome, the exertion level of the user, as measured by such parameters as heart and respiration rates may be monitored 203, 206 and the exertion required to play or the rate of activity occurring within in the virtual or augmented reality game may be reduced 211 to reduce user exertion when activity is determined too strenuous 210 on the other hand, the amount of exertion required to successfully play, or the rate of activity occurring in the virtual or augmented reality game may be increased 209 to cause exertion by the user to increase in cases where user effort is below optimal levels 208”). Regarding claim 2, wherein adjusting one or more of the visual imagery or the physical exercise further comprises one or more of: increasing or decreasing an intensity level of the physical exercise; or increasing or decreasing a stress level of the visual imagery (para. 48: “The system may thus make use of a heart-rate and respiration sensor band 145a to regulate a participant' s exercise intensity level to be within the range specified for the desired neurogenically mediated functional outcome.” And para. 49: “To insure optimal neurogenesis mediated improvements in targeted brain function in the presence of a known desired outcome, the exertion level of the user, as measured by such parameters as heart and respiration rates may be monitored 203, 206 and the exertion required to play or the rate of activity occurring within in the virtual or augmented reality game may be reduced 211 to reduce user exertion when activity is determined too strenuous 210 on the other hand, the amount of exertion required to successfully play, or the rate of activity occurring in the virtual or augmented reality game may be increased 209 to cause exertion by the user to increase in cases where user effort is below optimal levels 208”). Regarding claim 3, wherein the adjustment is determined based on regression analysis between the intensity level of the physical exercise and the stress level of the visual imagery (para. 49: “To insure optimal neurogenesis mediated improvements in targeted brain function in the presence of a known desired outcome, the exertion level of the user, as measured by such parameters as heart and respiration rates may be monitored 203, 206 and the exertion required to play or the rate of activity occurring within in the virtual or augmented reality game may be reduced 211 to reduce user exertion when activity is determined too strenuous 210 on the other hand, the amount of exertion required to successfully play, or the rate of activity occurring in the virtual or augmented reality game may be increased 209 to cause exertion by the user to increase in cases where user effort is below optimal levels 208”). Regarding claim 4, further comprising: determining, based the adjustment, that the patient reached the maximum cardiac exertion (Fig. 2, step 206 “Is exercise intensity ideal?”); and determining, based on that the patient reached the maximum cardiac exertion, physiological data of the patient (Fig. 2 “A” leads back to block 203 “Measure exercise intensity”). Regarding claim 8, wherein the one or more sensors are one or more ECG sensors (para. 8: “heart rate (EKG)”). Claim(s) 18-19 and 23-25 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Fung (US PGPub. 2018/0161626). Fung describes the same invention as claimed, including: Regarding claim 18, A system comprising: a head mount visual display (VR/AR headset 400, or device 120 in Fig. 1) configured to output visual imagery to affect a psychological perception of a patient (via brain function tasks and game play); exercise equipment (para. 47: “While different embodiments may use different types of aerobic exercise equipment such as but not limited to elliptical 140, exercise bike (not shown), VR-specific, enhanced treadmill (see FIG. 7), rowing machine (not shown) and cross-country ski machine, just to name a few examples known to those skilled in the art, some type of aerobic exercise is part of the system.”) configured to affect a physical exercise performed the patient; one or more sensors configured to measure a cardiac exertion of the patient (para. 8: “a biometrics headset designed to monitor electrical brain activity (EEG), muscle activity (EMG), and heart rate (EKG),”); and a controller configured to: determine, based on the cardiac exertion of the patient, that the patient has not reached a maximum cardiac exertion (Fig. 2, step 206 “Is exercise intensity ideal?”); and adjust one or more of the visual imagery or the physical exercise, wherein the adjustment causes the patient to reach the maximum cardiac exertion (para. 48: “The system may thus make use of a heart-rate and respiration sensor band 145a to regulate a participant' s exercise intensity level to be within the range specified for the desired neurogenically mediated functional outcome.” And para. 49: “To insure optimal neurogenesis mediated improvements in targeted brain function in the presence of a known desired outcome, the exertion level of the user, as measured by such parameters as heart and respiration rates may be monitored 203, 206 and the exertion required to play or the rate of activity occurring within in the virtual or augmented reality game may be reduced 211 to reduce user exertion when activity is determined too strenuous 210 on the other hand, the amount of exertion required to successfully play, or the rate of activity occurring in the virtual or augmented reality game may be increased 209 to cause exertion by the user to increase in cases where user effort is below optimal levels 208”). Regarding claim 19, wherein the controller is further configured to: determine, based on the adjustment, that the patient reached the maximum cardiac exertion (Fig. 2, step 206 “Is exercise intensity ideal?”); and determining, based on that the patient reached the maximum cardiac exertion, physiological data of the patient (Fig. 2 “A” leads back to block 203 “Measure exercise intensity”). Regarding claim 23, wherein the controller that is configured to adjust the one or more of the visual imagery or the physical exercise is further configured to perform one or more of: increasing or decreasing an intensity level of the physical exercise; or increasing or decreasing a stress level of the visual imagery (para. 48: “The system may thus make use of a heart-rate and respiration sensor band 145a to regulate a participant' s exercise intensity level to be within the range specified for the desired neurogenically mediated functional outcome.” And para. 49: “To insure optimal neurogenesis mediated improvements in targeted brain function in the presence of a known desired outcome, the exertion level of the user, as measured by such parameters as heart and respiration rates may be monitored 203, 206 and the exertion required to play or the rate of activity occurring within in the virtual or augmented reality game may be reduced 211 to reduce user exertion when activity is determined too strenuous 210 on the other hand, the amount of exertion required to successfully play, or the rate of activity occurring in the virtual or augmented reality game may be increased 209 to cause exertion by the user to increase in cases where user effort is below optimal levels 208”). Regarding claim 24, wherein the adjustment is determined based on regression analysis between the intensity level of the physical exercise and the stress level of the visual imagery (para. 49: “To insure optimal neurogenesis mediated improvements in targeted brain function in the presence of a known desired outcome, the exertion level of the user, as measured by such parameters as heart and respiration rates may be monitored 203, 206 and the exertion required to play or the rate of activity occurring within in the virtual or augmented reality game may be reduced 211 to reduce user exertion when activity is determined too strenuous 210 on the other hand, the amount of exertion required to successfully play, or the rate of activity occurring in the virtual or augmented reality game may be increased 209 to cause exertion by the user to increase in cases where user effort is below optimal levels 208”). Regarding claim 25, wherein the one or more sensors are one or more ECG sensors (para. 8: “heart rate (EKG)”). Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. See form PTO-892 for cited art of interest. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to SUNDHARA M GANESAN whose telephone number is (571)272-3340. The examiner can normally be reached 9:30AM-5:30PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, LoAn Jimenez can be reached at (571)272-4966. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /SUNDHARA M GANESAN/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3784
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Prosecution Timeline

Mar 29, 2024
Application Filed
Feb 07, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102
Mar 09, 2026
Interview Requested
Mar 16, 2026
Applicant Interview (Telephonic)
Mar 22, 2026
Examiner Interview Summary

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
70%
Grant Probability
96%
With Interview (+25.6%)
2y 7m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 657 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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