DETAILED ACTION
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action:
A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made.
Claim(s) 1-17 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hirosawa et al. (2012/0206524) in view of Oshio et al. (2007/0035592).
Regarding claims 1 and 17, Hirosawa teaches a printing apparatus and method comprising:
an ejection unit (fig. 1, item 14) that ejects an ink from an ejection port ([0027]);
a circulation unit ([0048], fig. 8, item 71) that performs a circulation operation of regularly circulating the ink through a predetermined circulation channel (note that there is necessarily a circulation channel),
wherein ink circulations and ink discharge operations are both executed periodically ([0048], [0053]).
Hirosawa does not teach a setting a setting unit that sets a circulation time for which the circulation unit will perform a next circulation operation, wherein the setting unit sets the circulation time such that the circulation time in a case where an ink discharge operation of discharging the ink from the ejection port is performed between a last circulation operation and the next circulation operation is shorter than the circulation time in a case where the ink discharge operation is not performed between the last circulation operation and the next circulation operation.
Oshio teaches setting a time period of circulation of a liquid in accordance with an amount of idle time the liquid to be circulated has remained undischarged (Oshio, see figs. 14, 15, [0106], [0107, Note that each shorter circulation times are prescribed for shorter amounts of elapsed idle times and longer circulation times are prescribed for longer periods of inactivity). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of invention to apply the idle time/circulation time table disclosed by Oshio to the device disclosed by Hirosawa because doing so would allow for tailored periods of circulation times corresponding to exact amounts of elapsed times since previous activity.
Upon application of Oshio’s technique to the device of Hirosawa, a time period from a last preliminary ejection of Hirosawa’s printhead would be obtained and time period for ink circulation would be assigned in accordance so that, if a preliminary ejection had been executed between two circulations, the second circulation would be shorter in duration, and if a preliminary ejection had not been executed, a second consecutive circulation would have the same duration as the previous circulation. That is, Hirosawa’s preliminary ejection is expressly stated as being executed to prevent a rise in viscosity of ink within the head. That said, reducing the viscosity of ink within the head between two circulations would necessarily mean that a circulation of less intensity would be needed after the preliminary ejection.
Further, upon combination, the following limitation would be met: wherein, in a case when the ink discharge operation is performed between the last circulation operation and the next circulation operation, the setting unit sets the circulation time based on (i) a first time from an end of the last circulation operation to the ink discharge operation and (ii) a second time from and end of the ink discharge operation to the next circulation operation. First, the first and second times combined are simply a total time between periodic ink circulations, and Hirosawa teaches such periodic circulations. Second, “based on” can mean any number of things. No specific mathematical relation of calculation has been recited as to how the now-claimed first and second times are actually used for setting the circulation time. Lastly, the prior art combination is believed to teach the language, as intended. That is, upon combination, the resultant device would count time starting at the end of a circulation, count a time from a liquid discharge, and upon a next circulation, both of a first and second time would be known to the controller and used for determining a duration of the next circulation.
(Examiner understands Oshio is directed to circulation of an application liquid to be applied by an application roller rather than an ink to be ejected by a printhead, as disclosed by Hirosawa. Nonetheless, Examiner maintains it would have been obvious to apply the idle time/circulation time scheme of Oshio to any device using such circulation methods).
Regarding claim 2, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the setting unit sets the circulation time by correcting a predetermined time according to an amount of the ink discharged per unit time from the ejection port in the ink discharge operation (Note that if unit time is the time between circulations, whether or not the preliminary discharge is executed would be an amount of ink, and thus the predetermined time is corrected according to whether the preliminary discharge is executed).
Regarding claim 3, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the setting unit corrects the predetermined time in the next circulation operation according to a time for which the ink is ejected from the ejection port in the ink discharge operation (Note that if unit time is the time between circulations, whether or not the preliminary discharge is executed would be an amount of ink, and thus the predetermined time is corrected according to whether the preliminary discharge is executed).
Regarding claim 4, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the setting unit corrects the predetermined time in the next circulation operation according to a time from the last circulation operation to the ink discharge operation (Note that if unit time is the time between circulations, whether or not the preliminary discharge is executed would be an amount of ink, and thus the predetermined time is corrected according to whether the preliminary discharge is executed. Note that if the predetermined time has been set according to a past preliminary ejection occurring, and then, in the next circulation cycle, no ejection is executed, the predetermined time would be corrected and set back to a longer predetermined time).
Regarding claim 5, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the setting unit corrects the predetermined time in the next circulation operation according to a time from the ink discharge operation to the next circulation operation (see claim 1 rejection).
Regarding claim 6, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the setting unit does not correct the predetermined time in a case where the amount of the ink discharged per unit time is less than a predetermined amount (Note that, when there is no preliminary ejection, i.e., when the amount of ink is less than a positive amount of ink, the predetermined time is not corrected because the predetermined time remains the same from one circulation to the next).
Regarding claim 7, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 1. Hirosawa in view of Oshio does not expressly teach wherein the ink discharge operation is a printing operation of performing printing by ejecting the ink from the ejection port. However, Hirosawa teaches wherein ink is discharged from the nozzles in a preliminary ejection in the exact same manner as it would be ejected during printing. Examiner takes official notice that one of skill in the art would have found it obvious that ejecting ink for printing and ejecting ink during a preliminary ejection would work as obvious alternatives to prevent increase in viscosity given the disclosure of Hirosawa, [0053].
Regarding claim 8, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ink discharge operation is a recovery operation of recovering an ejection condition of the ejection unit by performing at least one of a suction operation of sucking the ink from the ejection port or a preliminary ejection operation of preliminarily ejecting the ink from the ejection port ([0053]).
Regarding claim 9, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ink is a pigment ink ([0027], Note that the inks are necessarily pigment inks as dye inks do not increase in viscosity when they settle).
Regarding claim 10, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 1. Hirosawa in view of Oshio does not teach wherein the ink is a white ink. Examiner takes official notice that one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of invention would have found it obvious to use any color of ink with the prior art device.
Regarding claim 11, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ejection unit is capable of ejecting a first ink and a second ink different from the first ink, and the circulation unit is capable of circulating the first ink and does not circulate the second ink ([0027], Note that every ink is circulated separately and independently).
Regarding claim 12, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ejection unit is capable of ejecting a first ink and a second ink different from the first ink, and the circulation unit circulates the first ink and the second ink ([0027], Note that every ink is circulated separately and independently. Thus, it is possible for any or all inks to be circulated at the same time or different times).
Regarding claim 13, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a circulation time for which the circulation unit circulates the first ink in the circulation operation is different from a circulation time for which the circulation unit circulates the second ink in the circulation operation (Note that, because all colors are ejected independently, corrected predetermined times for circulations vary across colors).
Regarding claim 14, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ejection unit is capable of ejecting a first ink and a second ink different from the first ink, and the ejection unit is a print head having the ejection port for ejecting the first ink and the ejection port for ejecting the second ink (Hirosawa, fig. 1).
Regarding claim 15, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ejection unit is capable of ejecting a first ink and a second ink different from the first ink, and the ejection unit includes a first print head having the ejection port for ejecting the first ink, and a second print head having the ejection port for ejecting the second ink (Hirosawa, fig. 1).
Regarding claim 16, Hirosawa in view of Oshio teaches the printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ejection unit performs printing by ejecting the ink while being mounted on and moving with a carriage (Hirosawa, see fig. 1).
Response to Arguments
Applicant's arguments filed 5/11/2026 have been fully considered but they are not persuasive. The claims have been amended to further specify the operation of the device, but the amendments fail to distinguish the claimed invention from the prior art. The rejections above have been updated to reflect the changes to the claims. The standing prior art rejection is maintained.
Conclusion
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/ALEJANDRO VALENCIA/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2853
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