Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/644,465

Apparatus and Method for Polyphasic Multi-Output Constant-Current and Constant-Voltage Neurophysiological Stimulation

Non-Final OA §112§DP
Filed
Apr 24, 2024
Examiner
CHRISTIANSON, SKYLAR LINDSEY
Art Unit
3792
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Cadwell Laboratories Inc.
OA Round
4 (Non-Final)
60%
Grant Probability
Moderate
4-5
OA Rounds
3y 0m
To Grant
90%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 60% of resolved cases
60%
Career Allow Rate
85 granted / 141 resolved
-9.7% vs TC avg
Strong +30% interview lift
Without
With
+29.6%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 0m
Avg Prosecution
53 currently pending
Career history
194
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
8.5%
-31.5% vs TC avg
§103
46.0%
+6.0% vs TC avg
§102
15.3%
-24.7% vs TC avg
§112
23.5%
-16.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 141 resolved cases

Office Action

§112 §DP
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114 1. A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on 02/16/2026 has been entered. Response to Arguments 2. Applicant’s arguments, filed 02/16/2026, with respect to the U.S.C. 103 rejections have been fully considered and are persuasive. The U.S.C. 103 rejections of the claims have been withdrawn. However, there is now a U.S.C. 112b and Double Patenting rejection. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. 3. Claims 1-2, 4-18, and 20-21 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. In regards to claim 1, the term “on-the-fly” is a relative term which renders the claim indefinite. The term “on-the-fly” is not defined by the claim, the specification does not provide a standard for ascertaining the requisite degree, and one of ordinary skill in the art would not be reasonably apprised of the scope of the invention. Claims 2, 4-18, and 20-21 are rejected by virtue of their dependency. Double Patenting 4. The nonstatutory double patenting rejection is based on a judicially created doctrine grounded in public policy (a policy reflected in the statute) so as to prevent the unjustified or improper timewise extension of the “right to exclude” granted by a patent and to prevent possible harassment by multiple assignees. A nonstatutory double patenting rejection is appropriate where the conflicting claims are not identical, but at least one examined application claim is not patentably distinct from the reference claim(s) because the examined application claim is either anticipated by, or would have been obvious over, the reference claim(s). See, e.g., In re Berg, 140 F.3d 1428, 46 USPQ2d 1226 (Fed. Cir. 1998); In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 29 USPQ2d 2010 (Fed. Cir. 1993); In re Longi, 759 F.2d 887, 225 USPQ 645 (Fed. Cir. 1985); In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982); In re Vogel, 422 F.2d 438, 164 USPQ 619 (CCPA 1970); In re Thorington, 418 F.2d 528, 163 USPQ 644 (CCPA 1969). A timely filed terminal disclaimer in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(c) or 1.321(d) may be used to overcome an actual or provisional rejection based on nonstatutory double patenting provided the reference application or patent either is shown to be commonly owned with the examined application, or claims an invention made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of a joint research agreement. See MPEP § 717.02 for applications subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA as explained in MPEP § 2159. See MPEP § 2146 et seq. for applications not subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . A terminal disclaimer must be signed in compliance with 37 CFR 1.321(b). The filing of a terminal disclaimer by itself is not a complete reply to a nonstatutory double patenting (NSDP) rejection. A complete reply requires that the terminal disclaimer be accompanied by a reply requesting reconsideration of the prior Office action. Even where the NSDP rejection is provisional the reply must be complete. See MPEP § 804, subsection I.B.1. For a reply to a non-final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.111(a). For a reply to final Office action, see 37 CFR 1.113(c). A request for reconsideration while not provided for in 37 CFR 1.113(c) may be filed after final for consideration. See MPEP §§ 706.07(e) and 714.13. The USPTO Internet website contains terminal disclaimer forms which may be used. Please visit www.uspto.gov/patent/patents-forms. The actual filing date of the application in which the form is filed determines what form (e.g., PTO/SB/25, PTO/SB/26, PTO/AIA /25, or PTO/AIA /26) should be used. A web-based eTerminal Disclaimer may be filled out completely online using web-screens. An eTerminal Disclaimer that meets all requirements is auto-processed and approved immediately upon submission. For more information about eTerminal Disclaimers, refer to www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/applying-online/eterminal-disclaimer. Claims 1-2, 4-18 and 20-21 are rejected on the ground of nonstatutory double patenting as being unpatentable over claims 1-20 of U.S. Patent No. 11998338 B2. Although the claims at issue are not identical, they are not patentably distinct from each other because claims 1-20 of US 11998338 B2 contain the same subject matter as the claims in the present application. Prior Art Rejections 5. There are currently no art rejections applied to the claims. They contain subject matter that is not found in the art, such subject matter includes “wherein each of the at least two output ports comprises a first switch and a second switch selectively connectable to a high-voltage supply and a return, respectively, and wherein each of the at least two output ports is adapted to connect to one of at least two stimulation electrodes; a controller, wherein the controller is configured to simultaneously activate any combination of the at least two output ports and is configured to dynamically designate each of the at least two stimulation electrodes as being either an anode or a cathode during different phases of the stimulation pulse under control of an intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) software engine…an impedance circuit configured to generate a plurality of impedance pulses using different anode and cathode combinations of the at least two output port.” The U.S.C. 112b and Double Patenting rejections would still need to be addressed. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to SKYLAR LINDSEY CHRISTIANSON whose telephone number is (571)272-0533. The examiner can normally be reached on Monday-Friday, 7:30-5:30 EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Niketa Patel can be reached on (571) 272-4156. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see https://ppair-my.uspto.gov/pair/PrivatePair. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /S.L.C./Examiner, Art Unit 3792 /William J Levicky/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3796
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Apr 24, 2024
Application Filed
Nov 12, 2024
Final Rejection — §112, §DP
Apr 18, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Apr 21, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
May 02, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112, §DP
Oct 07, 2025
Response Filed
Nov 11, 2025
Final Rejection — §112, §DP
Feb 16, 2026
Request for Continued Examination
Mar 06, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Mar 31, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §112, §DP (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

4-5
Expected OA Rounds
60%
Grant Probability
90%
With Interview (+29.6%)
3y 0m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 141 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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