Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/648,403

BUCKLE, ROOF TENT, AND ROOF TRUNK

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Apr 28, 2024
Examiner
LAVINDER, JACK W
Art Unit
3677
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Shenzhen Yangning Auto Accessory Co. Ltd.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
65%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 7m
To Grant
93%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 65% — above average
65%
Career Allow Rate
1156 granted / 1771 resolved
+13.3% vs TC avg
Strong +28% interview lift
Without
With
+28.1%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 7m
Avg Prosecution
34 currently pending
Career history
1805
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.3%
-39.7% vs TC avg
§103
33.5%
-6.5% vs TC avg
§102
35.1%
-4.9% vs TC avg
§112
26.9%
-13.1% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1771 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim 1 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102a(1) as being anticipated by Kopylov, US 2011/0068588 A1. Kopylov discloses a buckle comprising a first fixing seat (16) having a first fixing portion (20), a second fixing seat (14), arranged side by side with the first fixing seat (16), comprising a catching portion (hook portion of second fixing seat (14)) and a second fixing portion (20), and a connecting arm (15, 17). One end (17) of the connecting arm is rotatably connected to the first fixing seat (16), and another end (15) of the connecting arm comprises a drawbar (15). The drawbar (15) being used to engage and secure with the catching portion (hook portion of second fixing seat (14)). Kopylov discloses the buckle with at least one locking assembly (21, 22, 25-26, 28-29,figures 4a-4c). The connecting arm comprises at least one first insertion hole (28). The first fixing seat comprises a second insertion hole (27) disposed corresponding to each of the at least one first insertion hole. The at least one locking assembly is used to be inserted into the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole to secure the connecting arm and the first fixing seat together to prevent the connecting arm from rotating (figures 1, 4a-4c). PNG media_image1.png 678 908 media_image1.png Greyscale Claim 1 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102a(1) as being anticipated by Gromotka, US 5271649. Gromotka discloses a buckle comprising a first fixing seat (10) having a first fixing portion (18a,b), a second fixing seat (40), arranged side by side with the first fixing seat (10), comprising a catching portion (41) and a second fixing portion (46a,b), and a connecting arm (20,30). One end (20) of the connecting arm is rotatably connected (21) to the first fixing seat (10), and another end (30) of the connecting arm comprises a drawbar (32). The drawbar (32) being used to engage and secure with the catching portion (41). Gromotka discloses the buckle with at least one locking assembly (holes 16, 29 and lock, column 4, lines 4-8). The connecting arm comprises at least one first insertion hole (29). The first fixing seat comprises a second insertion hole (16) disposed corresponding to each of the at least one first insertion hole. The at least one locking assembly is used to be inserted into the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole to secure the connecting arm and the first fixing seat together to prevent the connecting arm from rotating (column 4, lines 4-8). PNG media_image2.png 798 452 media_image2.png Greyscale Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim 18 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Gromotka, US 5271649 in view of Awalt, Jr., 5002002. Gromotka discloses a buckle comprising a first fixing seat (10) having a first fixing portion (18a,b), a second fixing seat (40), arranged side by side with the first fixing seat (10), comprising a catching portion (41) and a second fixing portion (46a,b), and a connecting arm (20,30). One end (20) of the connecting arm is rotatably connected (21) to the first fixing seat (10), and another end (30) of the connecting arm comprises a drawbar (32). The drawbar (32) being used to engage and secure with the catching portion (41). Gromotka discloses the buckle with at least one locking assembly (holes 16, 29 and lock, column 4, lines 4-8). The connecting arm comprises at least one first insertion hole (29). The first fixing seat comprises a second insertion hole (16) disposed corresponding to each of the at least one first insertion hole. The at least one locking assembly is used to be inserted into the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole to secure the connecting arm and the first fixing seat together to prevent the connecting arm from rotating (column 4, lines 4-8). The claim requires that the lock be a padlock. Gromotka discloses a lock. It does not specify that the lock is a padlock. However, Awalt discloses the use of a padlock for locking the latch (column 3, lines 16-20). The use of the padlock makes the latch more secure in the fact that only the person with the key or combination can unlocked the latch. Therefore, it would have been obvious, prior to the earliest effective filing date, to a person having ordinary skill in the art to use a padlock in place of Gromotka’s lock to make the latch more secure from unwanted opening. Claim 19 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Frederickson, US 2021/0293047 in view of Kopylov, US 2011/0068588 A1. Frederickson discloses a roof tent (20, figure 4) with a first (25, figure 3) and second (2) board pivotally attached (7) to one another. In the closed position, the first (25) and second (2) boards are latched to one another via a cam latch (5). PNG media_image3.png 684 888 media_image3.png Greyscale The claim requires the use of a cam latch with details not defined by Frederickson. As discussed previously, Kopylov discloses that this type of latch is old and well known (see explanation of Kopylov in the rejection of claim 1). Both latches work equally as well as the other in securing Frederickson’s first and second boards. In addition, Kopylov’s latch includes a locking mechanism to prevent the latch from accidentally opening. Therefore, it would have been obvious, prior to the earliest effective filing date, to a person having ordinary skill in the art to use Kopylov’s alternatively designed latch to achieve the same results in securing Frederickson’s pop-up tent in the closed configuration and to prevent the latch from inadvertently opening while in the closed position. Claim 20 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Foley, US 2010/0116858 A1 in view of Kopylov, US 2011/0068588 A1. Foley discloses a roof trunk (10) having a first trunk part (20) hinged (28) to a second trunk part (bottom of trunk). The first trunk part is closed and secured to the bottom with a buckle (30, 32). PNG media_image4.png 704 608 media_image4.png Greyscale The claim requires the use of a cam latch with details not defined by Foley. As discussed previously, Kopylov discloses that this type of latch is old and well known (see explanation of Kopylov in the rejection of claim 1). Both latches work equally as well as the other in securing Foley’s first and second trunk parts. Kopylov’s latch includes a locking mechanism to prevent the latch from accidentally opening without the need for a key to unlock a padlock, i.e., saving the user time and making it easier to open the trunk. Therefore, it would have been obvious, prior to the earliest effective filing date, to a person having ordinary skill in the art to use Kopylov’s alternatively designed latch to achieve the same results in securing Foley’s first trunk part to the second trunk part and to provide an easier and more convenient to use locking latch. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 2-17 objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to JACK W LAVINDER whose telephone number is (571)272-7119. The examiner can normally be reached Mon-Friday 9-4pm (EST). Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Jason San can be reached at 571-272-6531. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. JACK W. LAVINDER Primary Patent Examiner Art Unit 3677 /JACK W LAVINDER/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3677
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Apr 28, 2024
Application Filed
Jan 22, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

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BAND AND TIMEPIECE
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
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2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
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2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
65%
Grant Probability
93%
With Interview (+28.1%)
2y 7m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1771 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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