Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/668,051

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENCODING AND DECODING IMAGE, AND RECORDING MEDIUM FOR STORING BITSTREAM

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
May 17, 2024
Examiner
ABOUZAHRA, HESHAM K
Art Unit
2486
Tech Center
2400 — Computer Networks
Assignee
Intellectual Discovery Co. Ltd.
OA Round
3 (Non-Final)
81%
Grant Probability
Favorable
3-4
OA Rounds
2y 5m
To Grant
83%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 81% — above average
81%
Career Allow Rate
324 granted / 402 resolved
+22.6% vs TC avg
Minimal +2% lift
Without
With
+2.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 5m
Avg Prosecution
39 currently pending
Career history
441
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
2.4%
-37.6% vs TC avg
§103
58.0%
+18.0% vs TC avg
§102
22.4%
-17.6% vs TC avg
§112
5.9%
-34.1% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 402 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim 2 has been cancelled. Claims 1, 3-4 have been amended and are pending for examination. Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114 A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on 12/05/2025 has been entered. Response to Arguments Applicant’s arguments, filed 12/05/2025, with respect to the rejection(s) of claims 1, 3-4 under 35 U.S.C. 103 have been fully considered and are persuasive. Therefore, the rejection has been withdrawn. However, upon further consideration, a new ground(s) of rejection is made in view of Chien (US 20130003849 A1). In rejecting claims 1, 3-4: Possos and Chien disclose teachings that further define motion vector resolution and are in the same art of video coding as BORDES. Applicant’s arguments, filed 12/05/2025, with respect to the rejection of claim 4 under 35 U.S.C. 102 have been fully considered and are persuasive. The rejection of claim 4 has been withdrawn. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 1, 3-4 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over BORDES (US 20190261018 A1) in view of Possos (US 20160127741 A1) further in view of Chien (US 20130003849 A1). Regrading claim 1, BORDES teaches a method for decoding an image, the method comprising: deriving motion vector resolution information of a current block ([0060] For a block to be decoded, the decoder checks whether adaptive motion vector resolution is enabled (410), for example, using a flag in the bitstream, or using the existing methods as described above. If adaptive motion vector resolution is enabled, the decoder generates MV predictor (MVP) at ¼-pel resolution (420)); deriving a motion vector difference of the current block based on the motion vector resolution information (The decoder then decodes MVD at ¼-pel resolution (430). [0060]); and deriving a motion vector of the current block based on the motion vector difference (An initial motion vector can be obtained (440) as MV.sub.0=MVP+MVD. [0060]), BORDES does not teach the following limitations, however, in an analogous art, Possos teaches wherein the motion vector resolution information represents one of a half unit or a one-sixteenth pixel unit ([0576] computing a first stage motion vector at half pixel resolution based at least in part on the final estimated motion range and the final p distance values; [0577] computing a second stage motion vector at half pixel resolution based at least in part on the first stage motion vector at half pixel resolution, the final estimated motion range, and the final p distance values; and [0578] computing a final stage motion vector at one fourth pixel resolution based at least in part on the second stage motion vector at half pixel resolution, the final estimated motion range, and the final p distance values to generate the high accuracy final motion vector at one-half pixel, one-fourth pixel or one-eighth pixel resolution.). It would have been obvious for a person of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filling date of the claimed invention, to take the teachings of Possos and apply them to BORDES. One would be motivated as such as to determine a high accuracy motion vector (Possos: [0575]). BORDES in view of Possos does not explicitly teach wherein the motion vector resolution information is signaled in a bitstream. However, in an analogous art, Chien teaches wherein the motion vector resolution information is signaled in a bitstream ([0117] Video encoder 20 may signal the motion resolution flag to indicate one of one-quarter, and one-eighth pixel motion vector resolution.). It would have been obvious for a person of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filling date of the claimed invention, to take the teachings of Chien and apply them to BORDES in view of Possos. One would be motivated as such as to reduce processing complexity. Regrading claim 3, BORDES teaches a method for encoding an image, the method comprising: deriving motion vector resolution information of a current block ([0060] For a block to be decoded, the decoder checks whether adaptive motion vector resolution is enabled (410), for example, using a flag in the bitstream, or using the existing methods as described above. If adaptive motion vector resolution is enabled, the decoder generates MV predictor (MVP) at ¼-pel resolution (420)); deriving a motion vector difference of the current block based on the motion vector resolution information (The decoder then decodes MVD at ¼-pel resolution (430). [0060]); and deriving a motion vector of the current block based on the motion vector difference (An initial motion vector can be obtained (440) as MV.sub.0=MVP+MVD. [0060]). BORDES does not teach the following limitations, however, in an analogous art, Possos teaches wherein the motion vector resolution information represents one of a half unit or a one-sixteenth pixel unit ([0576] computing a first stage motion vector at half pixel resolution based at least in part on the final estimated motion range and the final p distance values; [0577] computing a second stage motion vector at half pixel resolution based at least in part on the first stage motion vector at half pixel resolution, the final estimated motion range, and the final p distance values; and [0578] computing a final stage motion vector at one fourth pixel resolution based at least in part on the second stage motion vector at half pixel resolution, the final estimated motion range, and the final p distance values to generate the high accuracy final motion vector at one-half pixel, one-fourth pixel or one-eighth pixel resolution.). It would have been obvious for a person of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filling date of the claimed invention, to take the teachings of Possos and apply them to BORDES. One would be motivated as such as to determine a high accuracy motion vector (Possos: [0575]). BORDES in view of Possos does not explicitly teach wherein the motion vector resolution information is signaled in a bitstream. However, in an analogous art, Chien teaches wherein the motion vector resolution information is signaled in a bitstream ([0117] Video encoder 20 may signal the motion resolution flag to indicate one of one-quarter, and one-eighth pixel motion vector resolution.). It would have been obvious for a person of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filling date of the claimed invention, to take the teachings of Chien and apply them to BORDES in view of Possos. One would be motivated as such as to reduce processing complexity. Regrading claim 4, BORDES teaches a method for transmitting a bitstream, the method comprising: ([0011] The present embodiments also provide a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions for performing any of the methods described above.), transmitting the bitstream generated by an encoding method, wherein the encoding method comprises:: deriving motion vector resolution information of a current block ([0060] For a block to be decoded, the decoder checks whether adaptive motion vector resolution is enabled (410), for example, using a flag in the bitstream, or using the existing methods as described above. If adaptive motion vector resolution is enabled, the decoder generates MV predictor (MVP) at ¼-pel resolution (420)); deriving a motion vector difference of the current block based on the motion vector resolution information (The decoder then decodes MVD at ¼-pel resolution (430). [0060]); and deriving a motion vector of the current block based on the motion vector difference (An initial motion vector can be obtained (440) as MV.sub.0=MVP+MVD. [0060]). BORDES does not teach the following limitations, however, in an analogous art, Possos teaches wherein the motion vector resolution information represents one of a half unit or a one-sixteenth pixel unit ([0576] computing a first stage motion vector at half pixel resolution based at least in part on the final estimated motion range and the final p distance values; [0577] computing a second stage motion vector at half pixel resolution based at least in part on the first stage motion vector at half pixel resolution, the final estimated motion range, and the final p distance values; and [0578] computing a final stage motion vector at one fourth pixel resolution based at least in part on the second stage motion vector at half pixel resolution, the final estimated motion range, and the final p distance values to generate the high accuracy final motion vector at one-half pixel, one-fourth pixel or one-eighth pixel resolution.). It would have been obvious for a person of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filling date of the claimed invention, to take the teachings of Possos and apply them to BORDES. One would be motivated as such as to determine a high accuracy motion vector (Possos: [0575]). BORDES in view of Possos does not explicitly teach wherein the motion vector resolution information is signaled in a bitstream. However, in an analogous art, Chien teaches wherein the motion vector resolution information is signaled in a bitstream ([0117] Video encoder 20 may signal the motion resolution flag to indicate one of one-quarter, and one-eighth pixel motion vector resolution.). It would have been obvious for a person of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filling date of the claimed invention, to take the teachings of Chien and apply them to BORDES in view of Possos. One would be motivated as such as to reduce processing complexity. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to HESHAM K ABOUZAHRA whose telephone number is (571)270-0425. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 8-5. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Jamie Atala can be reached at 57127227384. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /HESHAM K ABOUZAHRA/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2486
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Prosecution Timeline

May 17, 2024
Application Filed
Dec 13, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §103
Apr 16, 2025
Response Filed
Jul 31, 2025
Final Rejection — §103
Oct 06, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Dec 05, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Dec 18, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Jan 10, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

3-4
Expected OA Rounds
81%
Grant Probability
83%
With Interview (+2.3%)
2y 5m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 402 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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