Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/678,848

MULTIFUNCTION CONTROLLER FOR AN ELECTRIC TRAILER

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
May 30, 2024
Examiner
KWON, JOHN
Art Unit
3747
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Horizon Global Americas Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
86%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 2m
To Grant
82%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 86% — above average
86%
Career Allow Rate
679 granted / 792 resolved
+15.7% vs TC avg
Minimal -4% lift
Without
With
+-4.2%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 2m
Avg Prosecution
10 currently pending
Career history
802
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.5%
-39.5% vs TC avg
§103
43.3%
+3.3% vs TC avg
§102
21.2%
-18.8% vs TC avg
§112
22.5%
-17.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 792 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 1-5, 7-11, 13-18 and 20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Kulkarni (US 11,485,330) in view of CN 118 124 538 A (hereinafter CN ‘538). Regarding claims 1, 8 and 14, Kulkarni discloses a trailer controller assembly comprising a force transducer configured to measure a force between a trailer and a towing vehicle, at least one brake controller configured to control at least one brake of the trailer, and a controller communicatively coupled to the force transducer (See claim 1). However, Kulkarni does not teach that the controller is configured to adjust the speed of the trailer based on the measured force. CN ‘538 discloses that the provision of a controller to adjust the speed of the trailer is old and well known in the art. PNG media_image1.png 531 862 media_image1.png Greyscale Since the prior art references art from the same field of endeavor, the purpose disclosed by CN ‘538 would have been recognized in the pertinent art of Kulkarni. Therefore, it would have been obvious at the time the invention was made to a person having ordinary skill in the art to provide the device of Kulkarni with the controller for adjusting the speed of the trailer as taught by CN ‘538. Regarding claims 2, and 15, Kulkarni as modified discloses the trailer controller comprises at least one wheel speed sensor and at least one independent drive for at least one wheel of the trailer (Col.6, line 63- Col. 45). Regarding claim 3, 9, 16, Kulkarni as modified discloses the independent drive comprises an electric motor with pulse width modulation (PWM) control (Col.6, line 63- Col. 45). Regarding claim 4,10, and 17, Kulkarni as modified discloses the trailer controller is configured to use a combination of braking and the independent drive to gradually adjust the speed of the trailer (Col.6, line 63- Col. 45). Regarding claims 5, 11, and 18 claimed the particular function of the trailer controller whether an inter-trailer force crosses an upper threshold or a lower threshold, it is considered as a matter of mechanical design to choose the suitable control functions depending upon the needs. Regarding claims 7, 13, and 20, Kulkarni as modified discloses the trailer controller determines a charge rate based on the speed and mass of the trailer to incrementally change the speed of the trailer. PNG media_image2.png 325 874 media_image2.png Greyscale Claims 6, 12, and 19 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Kulkarni as applied to claim 1 above, and further in view of DE 102022126529 (hereinafter DE ‘529). Kulkarni as modified discloses the trailer controller assembly with the force transducer configured to measure a force between a trailer and a towing vehicle, at least one brake controller configured to control at least one brake of the trailer, and the controller is configured to adjust the speed of the trailer based on the measured force as explained above. DE ‘529 discloses a trailer controller is configured to calculate a target change in speed of the trailer if the inter-trailer force crosses either the upper threshold or the lower threshold to bring the inter-trailer force between the upper threshold and the lower threshold. PNG media_image3.png 154 864 media_image3.png Greyscale Since the prior art references art from the same field of endeavor, the purpose disclosed by DE ‘529 would have been recognized in the pertinent art of Kulkarni as modified. Therefore, it would have been obvious at the time the invention was made to a person having ordinary skill in the art to provide the device of Kulkarni as modified with the trailer controller is configured to calculate a target change in speed of the trailer as taught by DE ‘529. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to JOHN KWON whose telephone number is (571)272-4846. The examiner can normally be reached M-F; 9A-5P. EST. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Phuttiwat Wongwian can be reached at 571-270-5426. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /JOHN KWON/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3747 March 20, 2026
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

May 30, 2024
Application Filed
Mar 21, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

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METHOD AND ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT FOR CONTROLLING A BRAKE SYSTEM OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
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Patent 12546616
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2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 10, 2026
Patent 12540038
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2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 03, 2026
Patent 12491769
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2y 5m to grant Granted Dec 09, 2025
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
86%
Grant Probability
82%
With Interview (-4.2%)
2y 2m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 792 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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