Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/682,367

COMBINED LIQUID ELECTROLYTE AND TEMPERATURE SENSOR

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Feb 08, 2024
Examiner
SOTO, JANICE M
Art Unit
2855
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Enatel
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
69%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 3m
To Grant
84%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 69% — above average
69%
Career Allow Rate
231 granted / 333 resolved
+1.4% vs TC avg
Moderate +15% lift
Without
With
+14.9%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 3m
Avg Prosecution
18 currently pending
Career history
351
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
4.1%
-35.9% vs TC avg
§103
51.4%
+11.4% vs TC avg
§102
15.5%
-24.5% vs TC avg
§112
25.0%
-15.0% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 333 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-3, 6-9 and 12-19 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Herrema et al. (US 2017/0279167) (hereinafter Herrema). Regarding claim 1, Herrema teaches a sensor comprising: a probe (probe) (24) that is electrically conductive and thermally conductive and configured to be disposed in an electrically-conductive liquid (electrolyte liquid) (see Fig. 1-2 and paragraphs 0004, 0006-0009 and 0021); a thermal coupler (head portion) (22) coupled to the probe (probe) (24) (see Figures 1-2 and paragraph 0021); a temperature determination circuit (thermistor) (54) electrically coupled to the probe (probe) (24) and configured to output a signal indicative of a temperature of the probe (probe) (24) (see Figure 5 and paragraph 0028); and a fluid detection circuit (electrodes) (44) electrically coupled to the thermal coupler (head portion) (22) and configured to output a signal indicative of a presence of the liquid on the probe (“includes a data/power cable 28”; see paragraph 0022) (see Figures 2-3 and paragraphs 0021-0023). Regarding claim 2, Herrema further teaches comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) (circuit board) (60) (see Figures 6-7 and paragraph 0029), wherein the temperature determination circuit (thermistor) (54) and the fluid detection circuit (electrodes) (44) are on the PCB (circuit board) (60) (see Figures 5-7 and paragraphs 0028-0029). Regarding claim 3, Herrema further teaches comprising an overmolded body , wherein the probe extends from the body, wherein the PCB is disposed within the body (“The circuit board 60 is typically overmolded or potted within the probe 24 of FIGS. 2-4 to protect the electrodes 44 from corrosion”; see paragraph 0029). Regarding claim 6, Herrema further teaches the temperature detection circuit (thermistor) (54) is electrically isolated from the fluid detection circuit (Note: the thermistor is disposed in the circuit board (60) and the circuit board 60 is overmolded within the probe to electrically insulate electrodes 44 and thermistor 54) (see paragraphs 0029 and claim 7). Regarding claim 7, Herrema teaches a battery comprising: a battery cell (battery cell of a lead-acid battery) (100) comprising a cell body and a liquid electrolyte disposed in the cell body (see paragraphs 0020-0021), the cell body defining an aperture (opening) (18) (see Figures 1-3 and paragraphs 0021-0022); a sensor comprising: a probe (probe) (24) that is electrically conductive and thermally conductive, the probe extending through the aperture (opening) (18) and configured to be disposed in the liquid electrolyte (see Fig. 1-2 and paragraphs 0004, 0006-0009 and 0021-0022); a thermal coupler (head portion) (22) coupled to the probe (probe) (24) (see Figures 1-2 and paragraph 0021); a temperature determination circuit (thermistor) (54) electrically coupled to the probe (probe) (24) and configured to output a signal indicative of a temperature of the probe (probe) (24) (see Figure 5 and paragraph 0028); and a fluid detection circuit (electrodes) (44) electrically coupled to the thermal coupler (head portion) (22) and configured to output a signal indicative of a presence of the liquid on the probe (“includes a data/power cable 28”; see paragraph 0022) (see Figures 2-3 and paragraphs 0021-0023). Regarding claim 8, Herrema further teaches comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) (circuit board) (60) (see Figures 6-7 and paragraph 0029), wherein the temperature determination circuit (thermistor) (54) and the fluid detection circuit (electrodes) (44) are on the PCB (circuit board) (60) (see Figures 5-7 and paragraphs 0028-0029). Regarding claim 9, Herrema further teaches the sensor further comprising an overmolded body , wherein the probe extends from the body, wherein the PCB is disposed within the body (“The circuit board 60 is typically overmolded or potted within the probe 24 of FIGS. 2-4 to protect the electrodes 44 from corrosion”; see paragraph 0029). Regarding claim 12, Herrema further teaches the temperature detection circuit (thermistor) (54) is electrically isolated from the fluid detection circuit (Note: the thermistor is disposed in the circuit board (60) and the circuit board 60 is overmolded within the probe to electrically insulate electrodes 44 and thermistor 54) (see paragraphs 0029 and claim 7). Regarding claim 13, Herrema further teaches wherein the sensor further comprises a gasket (gaskets) (30) configured to form a fluid-tight seal with the aperture (opening) (18) (see Figure 3 and paragraph 0022). Regarding claim 14, Herrema further teaches the battery cell is a lead-acid cell (lead-acid battery) (100) (see paragraphs 0020-0021). Regarding claim 15, Herrema teaches a battery system comprising: a battery cell (battery cell of a lead-acid battery) (100) comprising a cell body and a liquid electrolyte disposed in the cell body (see paragraphs 0020-0021), the cell body defining an aperture (opening) (18) (see Figures 1-3 and paragraphs 0021-0022); a sensor comprising: a probe (probe) (24) that is electrically conductive and thermally conductive, the probe extending through the aperture (opening) (18) and configured to be disposed in the liquid electrolyte (see Fig. 1-2 and paragraphs 0004, 0006-0009 and 0021-0022); a thermal coupler (head portion) (22) coupled to the probe (probe) (24) (see Figures 1-2 and paragraph 0021); a temperature determination circuit (thermistor) (54) electrically coupled to the probe (probe) (24) and configured to output a signal indicative of a temperature of the probe (probe) (24) (see Figure 5 and paragraph 0028); and a fluid detection circuit (electrodes) (44) electrically coupled to the thermal coupler (head portion) (22) and configured to output a signal indicative of a presence of the liquid on the probe (“includes a data/power cable 28”; see paragraph 0022) (see Figures 2-3 and paragraphs 0021-0023); and an electronic battery monitor (controller) (42) in electronic communication with the fluid detection circuit (electrodes) (44) and with the temperature determination circuit (thermistor) (54) (see Figures 5-9 and paragraphs 0023 and 0028) and configured to: determine a temperature of the probe (probe) (24) according to the output of the temperature detection circuit (thermistor) (54) (see paragraphs 0007, 0009 and 0028); determine a presence of liquid on the probe according to the output of the fluid detection circuit (electrodes) (44) (see paragraphs 0005-0009 and 0023) ; and output an alert when the battery monitor determines an absence of fluid on the probe (probe) (24) (see paragraphs 0005, 0023 and 0028). Regarding claim 16, Herrema further teaches the electronic battery monitor (controller) (42) comprises a display configured to output the alert (“The user is then alerted to low liquid levels, optionally via LEDs in one embodiment or via an application program on a smartphone or tablet in other embodiments”; see paragraph 0023). Regarding claim 17, Herrema further teaches the battery cell is a lead-acid cell (lead-acid battery) (100) (see paragraphs 0020-0021). Regarding claim 18, Herrema further teaches comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) (circuit board) (60) (see Figures 6-7 and paragraph 0029), wherein the temperature determination circuit (thermistor) (54) and the fluid determination circuit (electrodes) (44) are on the PCB (circuit board) (60) (see Figures 5-7 and paragraphs 0028-0029). Regarding claim 19, Herrema further teaches the sensor further comprising an overmolded body , wherein the probe extends from the body, wherein the PCB is disposed within the body (“The circuit board 60 is typically overmolded or potted within the probe 24 of FIGS. 2-4 to protect the electrodes 44 from corrosion”; see paragraph 0029). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. The factual inquiries for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows: 1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art. 2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue. 3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art. 4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness. Claims 4-5, 10-11 and 20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Herrema in view of Moore et al. (US 2006/0022135) (hereinafter Moore). Regarding claim 4, Herrema teaches all the limitations of claim 1. However, Herrema does not explicitly teach the thermal coupler comprises a sleeve crimped to the probe. Moore teaches the thermal coupler comprises a sleeve (collar) (210) crimped to the probe (probe) (110) (see paragraph 0045). It would have been obvious to one with ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the thermal coupler as taught by Herrema with a sleeve crimped to the probe as taught by Moore. One would be motivated to make this combination in order to securely fix the thermal coupler to the probe as known in the art. Regarding claim 5, the prior combination teaches all the limitations of claim 4. However, Herrema as modified by Moore does not explicitly teach the sleeve comprises copper. Moore teaches the sleeve comprises copper (see paragraph 0045). It would have been obvious to one with ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the thermal coupler as taught by the prior combination with the sleeve comprising copper as taught by Moore. One would be motivated to make this combination in order to provide a sleeve with high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity as known in the art. Regarding claim 11, Herrema teaches all the limitations of claim 7. However, Herrema does not explicitly teach the thermal coupler comprises a sleeve crimped to the probe. Moore teaches the thermal coupler comprises a sleeve (collar) (210) crimped to the probe (probe) (110) (see paragraph 0045). It would have been obvious to one with ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the thermal coupler as taught by Herrema with a sleeve crimped to the probe as taught by Moore. One would be motivated to make this combination in order to securely fix the thermal coupler to the probe as known in the art. Regarding claim 10, the prior combination teaches all the limitations of claim 11. However, Herrema as modified by Moore does not explicitly teach the sleeve comprises copper. Moore teaches the sleeve comprises copper (see paragraph 0045). It would have been obvious to one with ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the thermal coupler as taught by the prior combination with the sleeve comprising copper as taught by Moore. One would be motivated to make this combination in order to provide a sleeve with high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity as known in the art. Regarding claim 20, Herrema teaches all the limitations of claim 15. However, Herrema does not explicitly teach the thermal coupler comprises a sleeve crimped to the probe. Moore teaches the thermal coupler comprises a copper sleeve (collar) (210) crimped to the probe (probe) (110) (see paragraph 0045). It would have been obvious to one with ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to modify the thermal coupler as taught by Herrema with a copper sleeve crimped to the probe as taught by Moore. One would be motivated to make this combination in order to securely fix the thermal coupler to the probe and to provide a sleeve with high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity as known in the art. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to JANICE M SOTO whose telephone number is (571)270-7707. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 8:00am-4:00pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, John Breene can be reached at 571-272-4107. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /JANICE M SOTO/ Examiner, Art Unit 2855 /JOHN E BREENE/ Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 2855
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Prosecution Timeline

Feb 08, 2024
Application Filed
Jan 31, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
69%
Grant Probability
84%
With Interview (+14.9%)
3y 3m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 333 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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