Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/685,454

Implantable Biosensor and Communication Node With Plasmonic Nano-Antenna

Non-Final OA §112
Filed
Feb 21, 2024
Examiner
MESSERSMITH, ERIC J
Art Unit
3791
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Northeastern University
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
70%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 4m
To Grant
94%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 70% — above average
70%
Career Allow Rate
503 granted / 720 resolved
At TC average
Strong +24% interview lift
Without
With
+24.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 4m
Avg Prosecution
26 currently pending
Career history
746
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
6.9%
-33.1% vs TC avg
§103
41.2%
+1.2% vs TC avg
§102
25.3%
-14.7% vs TC avg
§112
20.9%
-19.1% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 720 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112(b): (b) CONCLUSION.—The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor regards as the invention. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph: The specification shall conclude with one or more claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which the applicant regards as his invention. Claims 1-4, 6-7, 9-14, 16, 18-25 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), second paragraph, as being indefinite for failing to particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which the inventor or a joint inventor (or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the applicant), regards as the invention. Claims 1 and 24 claim a “light source configured to generate source light having a source light spectrum” and a plasmonic nano-antenna, “wherein a combination of the light source and the plasmonic nano-antenna is configured to encode an optical communication signal into the emitted light exhibiting the spectral signature.” This introduces ambiguity into what the structure of the light source is and how it can be so configured. Generally light sources include LEDs, lasers, etc. How can a LED be configured to encode an optical communication signal into the emitted light exhibiting the spectral signature? Must not some other structures be recited in order to accomplish this? Further confusion about claims 1 and 24 is the distinction between the transducing functionality of the plasmonic nano-antenna with the bio-functionalized element joined thereto and the optical communication signal. Would receiving source light and determining that emitted light that has shifted by an amount associated with the presence of the biomarker be sufficient to satisfy the “encoding an optical communication signal into the emitted light exhibiting the spectral signature?” Or must there be something more? For purposes of examination, Examiner understands the claim to require more than only monitoring for a change in the emitted light. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 1-4, 6-7, 9-14, 16, 18-25 would be allowable if rewritten or amended to overcome the rejection(s) under 35 U.S.C. 112(b) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), 2nd paragraph, set forth in this Office action. Independent claims 1 and 24 recite or similarly recite, inter alia, a light source at a first communication node, the light source configured to generate source light having a source light spectrum, and the first communication node configured to be implanted into a living being; and a plasmonic nano-antenna at the first communication node, the plasmonic nano-antenna optically coupled to the light source and configured to receive the source light and to emit light exhibiting a spectral signature of the plasmonic nano-antenna, wherein the first communication node is configured to send an optical communication signal to a second communication node that is physically separated from the first communication node by using the emitted light exhibiting the spectral signature of the plasmonic nano-antenna. The closest references found during Examiner’s search of the prior art were US 2015/0247797 A1 to Oberg, US 2021/0121065 A1 to Jornet et al., US 2017/0238804 A1 to Hartley, and US 2016/0069810 A1 to Walavalkar et al. None of these references, however, anticipate or render obvious the invention of claims 1 and 24, including, inter alia, a light source at a first communication node, the light source configured to generate source light having a source light spectrum, and the first communication node configured to be implanted into a living being; and a plasmonic nano-antenna at the first communication node, the plasmonic nano-antenna optically coupled to the light source and configured to receive the source light and to emit light exhibiting a spectral signature of the plasmonic nano-antenna, wherein the first communication node is configured to send an optical communication signal to a second communication node that is physically separated from the first communication node by using the emitted light exhibiting the spectral signature of the plasmonic nano-antenna. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Eric Messersmith whose telephone number is (571)270-7081. The examiner can normally be reached M-F, 830am-5pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, JACQUELINE CHENG can be reached at 571-272-5596. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /ERIC J MESSERSMITH/ Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3791
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Prosecution Timeline

Feb 21, 2024
Application Filed
Feb 04, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §112 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
70%
Grant Probability
94%
With Interview (+24.3%)
3y 4m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 720 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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