Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/687,136

ELECTRIC BICYCLE

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Feb 27, 2024
Examiner
SHABARA, HOSAM
Art Unit
3618
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Brp-Rotax GmbH & Co. Kg
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
84%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 7m
To Grant
99%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 84% — above average
84%
Career Allow Rate
271 granted / 323 resolved
+31.9% vs TC avg
Strong +15% interview lift
Without
With
+15.2%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 7m
Avg Prosecution
20 currently pending
Career history
343
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.4%
-39.6% vs TC avg
§103
39.2%
-0.8% vs TC avg
§102
42.3%
+2.3% vs TC avg
§112
14.7%
-25.3% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 323 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1-13 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Watanabe et al. (JP H11-240481 A) hereinafter, Watanabe. Regarding claim 1, Watanabe teaches an electric bicycle (Fig 24) comprising: a frame (Fig 24); a handlebar (Fig 24) operatively connected to the frame; a front wheel (Fig 24) operatively connected to the handlebar; a rear wheel (6) operatively connected to the frame (Fig 24); a transmission (Fig 7, 14-15, and 20-21) connected to the frame, the transmission having: an input shaft (39, 141); an output shaft (13, 91, 139) operatively connected to the input shaft, the output shaft being parallel to the input shaft (Fig 7, 14-15, and 20-21); and a housing (2) housing at least a portion of the input shaft and the output shaft (Fig 15 and 24); a crankshaft (4) operatively connected to the input shaft to drive the transmission (Fig 7, 14-15, and 20-21); an electric motor (14) operatively connected to the input shaft to drive the transmission (Fig 7, 14-15, and 20-21); a drive sprocket (66) connected to and driven by the output shaft (Fig 7, 14-15, and 20-21); a driven sprocket connected to the rear wheel to drive the rear wheel (Fig 7, 14-15, and 20-21); a flexible drive member (5) engaging the drive and driven sprockets (Fig 7, 14-15, and 20-21), a lowest point of the housing being vertically lower than the drive sprocket, the driven sprocket and the flexible drive member (Fig 24); a pair of crank arms connected to the crankshaft (Fig 7, 14-15, and 20-21); and a battery pack (7) connected to the frame and electrically connected to the electric motor (Second Para of Page 2 and Fig 24). Regarding claim 2, Watanabe teaches that the electric motor is disposed in the housing of the transmission (Fig 8, 15, 21). Regarding claim 3, Watanabe teaches that the electric bicycle of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of gears (92, 93, 94) operatively connecting the input shaft to the output shaft, the plurality of gears being disposed in the housing (Fig 14-15). Regarding claim 4, Watanabe teaches that the transmission further includes at least one shift assembly (95, 96) for selecting at least one gear of the plurality of gears, the at least one shift assembly being disposed in the housing (Fig 14-15). Regarding claim 5, Watanabe teaches that the at least one shift assembly includes an electric shift motor (50, Fig 14-15). Regarding claim 6, Watanabe teaches that the transmission further includes: a motor gear (56, 145b) operatively connected to and driven by the electric motor, the motor gear being disposed in the housing; an input gear (60, 145a) connected to the input shaft, the input gear engaging and being driven by the motor gear (through 57), the input gear driving the input shaft, the input gear being disposed in the housing (Fig 8-9, and 21). Regarding claim 7, Watanabe teaches that the electric bicycle of claim 6, further comprising a cycloidal drive (137) operatively connecting the electric motor to the motor gear, the cycloidal drive being disposed in the housing (third to last paragraph of page 11 and Fig 21). Regarding claim 8, Watanabe teaches that the output shaft is vertically higher than the input shaft (Fig 21). Regarding claim 9, Watanabe teaches that the output shaft is rearward of the input shaft (Fig 20). Regarding claim 10, Watanabe teaches that the drive sprocket and the output shaft are coaxial (Fig 21). Regarding claim 11, Watanabe teaches that the crankshaft extends through the input shaft (Fig 21). Regarding claim 12, Watanabe teaches that the crankshaft and the output shaft are disposed in part in the housing; and the input shaft is disposed in the housing (Fig 21). Regarding claim 13, Watanabe teaches that the electric bicycle of claim 1, further comprising a torque sensor for sensing a torque applied to the input shaft (fourth to last paragraph of page 11), the electric motor being controlled based at least in part on a torque sensed by the torque sensor, the torque sensor being disposed in the housing (Sixth paragraph of page 2, fourth to last paragraph of page 11, Para [0090] and Fig 21). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 14-15 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Watanabe et al. (JP H11-240481 A) in view of Kim et al (DE 10 2018 217 097 A1) hereinafter, Kim. Regarding claims 14-15, Watanabe teaches the bicycle of claim 1. However, Watanabe does not teach the crankshaft arrangement of claims 14 15. Kim teaches that the crankshaft defines a crankshaft axis; the flexible drive member defines a perimeter; the crankshaft axis is outside of the perimeter; and a lowest point of the drive sprocket is vertically higher than the crankshaft axis (see Fig 1 and 2E). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, before the effective filling date of the invention, to modify Watanabe’s bicycle, with Kim’s arrangement, for highest possible power density and the smallest possible space requirement (fourth paragraph of page 2). Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. The references noted on the attached PTO-892 form teach electric bicycles of interest. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to HOSAM SHABARA whose telephone number is (571)272-5495. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 8 am-5 pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, MINNAH SEOH can be reached at (571) 270-7778. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /HOSAM SHABARA/Examiner, Art Unit 3611
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Feb 27, 2024
Application Filed
Feb 20, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

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ENGINE FOR A FLYING BODY, METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ENGINE FOR A FLYING BODY, AND FLYING BODY HAVING AT LEAST ONE ENGINE
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12595019
DEVICE FOR TOWING A TOWED BICYCLE WITH A TOWING BICYCLE
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 07, 2026
Patent 12589824
A TRIKE TILTING AXLE ASSEMBLY
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12583534
VEHICLE WITH A DIFFUSER MOUNTED THRUSTER
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Patent 12583552
ALPINE BICYCLE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 24, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
84%
Grant Probability
99%
With Interview (+15.2%)
2y 7m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 323 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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