Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/691,678

MITIGATING FREQUENCY-DOMAIN SYMBOL-LEVEL ATTACKS ON POSITIONING REFERENCE SIGNALS

Non-Final OA §102
Filed
Mar 13, 2024
Examiner
AJIBADE AKONAI, OLUMIDE
Art Unit
3648
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Qualcomm Incorporated
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
84%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 2m
To Grant
93%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 84% — above average
84%
Career Allow Rate
989 granted / 1172 resolved
+32.4% vs TC avg
Moderate +9% lift
Without
With
+8.8%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 2m
Avg Prosecution
29 currently pending
Career history
1201
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
6.3%
-33.7% vs TC avg
§103
44.9%
+4.9% vs TC avg
§102
26.0%
-14.0% vs TC avg
§112
14.8%
-25.2% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1172 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section 122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case may be, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1, 5-8, 12, 15, 16, 18-20, 22, 23, 25, and 28-30 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(2) as being anticipated by Fraunholz et al US 20230379662 (hereinafter Fraunholz). Regarding claim 1, Fraunholz discloses a method of wireless positioning performed by a network node (mobile device, see [0031]), comprising: transmitting, to a network entity (network entity, see [0030]), a request for transmission of one or more first positioning reference signals (PRS) resources having one or more physical layer security properties (action 202, UE request, see fig. 2, [0112]); and measuring the one or more first PRS resources having the one or more physical layer security properties (actions 203-206; UE measures on-demand PRS encrypted by a cryptographic nonce, see [0064], [0113]-[0118]). Regarding claim 23 as applied to Fraunholz a network node (mobile device, see fig. 6, [0031], [0146]), comprising: a memory (602, 603, see fig. 6, [0147]); at least one transceiver (604, see fig. 6, [0151]-[0153]); and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver (601, see fig. 6, [0147]), the at least one processor configured to: transmit, via the at least one transceiver, to a network entity (network entity, see [0030]), a request for transmission of one or more first positioning reference signals (PRS) resources having one or more physical layer security properties (action 202, UE request, see fig. 2, [0112]); and measure the one or more first PRS resources having the one or more physical layer security properties (actions 203-206; UE measures on-demand PRS encrypted by a cryptographic nonce, see [0064], [0113]-[0118]). Regarding claims 5 and 25 as applied to claims 1 and 23, Fraunholz further discloses: receiving a configuration of the one or more first PRS resources having the one or more physical layer security properties, the configuration including at least values for the one or more physical layer security properties (serving base stations and/or neighboring base stations transmit an on-demand PRS encrypted with a nonce, see action 204, fig. 2, [0064], [0114]). Regarding claim 6 as applied to claim 5, Fraunholz further discloses wherein the configuration is received from a base station via one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages, one or more medium access control control elements (MAC-CEs), or any combination thereof (see [0140]). Regarding claim 7 as applied to claim 5, Fraunholz further discloses wherein the configuration is received from a location server via one or more Long-Term Evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) messages (LMF requests the serving base stations and/or neighboring base stations transmit an on-demand PRS, see action 204, fig. 2, [0064], [0114]). Regarding claim 8 as applied to claim 5, Fraunholz further discloses wherein the request for transmission of the one or more first PRS resources includes proposed values for the one or more physical layer security properties (request security verification for a specific service, see [0112]). Regarding claims 12 and 28 as applied to claims 1 and 23, Fraunholz further discloses wherein the one or more first PRS resources having the one or more physical layer security properties comprises: the one or more first PRS resources having a phase shift determined by a secret key (encrypting the on-demand PRS with a nonce introduces a phase shift, see [0063], [0067]-[0068], [0114]). Regarding claims 15 and 29 as applied to claims 1 and 23, Fraunholz further discloses wherein a type of the one or more physical layer security properties is based on a quality of service (QoS) level for a positioning session between the network node and the network entity during which the network node measures the one or more first PRS resources (security verification for a location-based service, see [0006], [0112]). Regarding claims 16 and 20 as applied to claims 1 and 19, Fraunholz further discloses wherein: the network node is a user equipment (UE) (mobile device, see [0031]), the network entity is a location server (network entity/LMF, see [0030]), and the one or more first PRS resources are one or more downlink PRS resources (see [0109]). Regarding claims 18 and 22 as applied to claims 1 and 19, Fraunholz further discloses wherein: the network node is a base station (see [0112]), the network entity is a location server (LMF, see [0112]), and the one or more first PRS resources are one or more uplink PRS resources (see [0113]-[0114]). Regarding claim 19, Fraunholz discloses a method of communication performed by a network entity (network entity/LMF, see [0030]), comprising: receiving, from a first network node (mobile device, see [0031]), a request for transmission of one or more first positioning reference signals (PRS) resources having one or more physical layer security properties (action 202, UE request, see fig. 2, [0112]); and transmitting, to a second network node (serving and/or neighboring base stations, see [0114]), a request for the second network node to transmit the one or more first PRS resources having the one or more physical layer security properties (on-demand PRS encrypted by a nonce, see [0114]) to the first network node (LMF requests the serving base stations and/or neighboring base stations transmit an on-demand PRS, see action 204, fig. 2, [0064], [0114]). Regarding claim 30, Fraunholz discloses a network entity (network entity/LMF, see fig. 7, [0030], [0156]), comprising: a memory (702, 703, see fig. 7, [0157]); at least one transceiver (704, see fig. 7, [0159]); and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver (701, see fig. 7, [0157]), the at least one processor configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver, from a first network node (mobile device, see fig. 6, [0031], [0146]), a request for transmission of one or more first positioning reference signals (PRS) resources having one or more physical layer security properties (action 202, UE request, see fig. 2, [0112]); and transmit, via the at least one transceiver, to a second network node (serving and/or neighboring base stations, see [0114]), a request for the second network node to transmit the one or more first PRS resources having the one or more physical layer security properties (on-demand PRS encrypted by a nonce, see [0114]) to the first network node (LMF requests the serving base stations and/or neighboring base stations transmit an on-demand PRS, see action 204, fig. 2, [0064], [0114]). Allowable Subject Matter Claims 2-4, 9-11, 13, 14, 17, 21, 24, 26, and 27 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Conclusion The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. Wang et al US 20200322805 discloses base station location and authentication. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to OLUMIDE T AJIBADE AKONAI whose telephone number is (571)272-6496. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday 8AM-4PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, CHARLES N APPIAH can be reached at 571-272-7904. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /OLUMIDE AJIBADE AKONAI/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3648
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Mar 13, 2024
Application Filed
Mar 05, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12593304
WIRELESS LAN SIGNAL BASED MOTION DETECTION METHOD AND DEVICE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12591911
Exclusive Delivery of Content Within Geographic Areas
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12591912
Exclusive Delivery of Content Within Geographic Areas
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12581565
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OPERATING DRX TIMER BY USER EQUIPMENT IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12579554
Exclusive Delivery of Content Within Geographic Areas
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
84%
Grant Probability
93%
With Interview (+8.8%)
3y 2m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1172 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month