Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/709,725

IMAGE GENERATION APPARATUS AND HEAD-UP DISPLAY

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
May 13, 2024
Examiner
SAHLE, MAHIDERE S
Art Unit
2872
Tech Center
2800 — Semiconductors & Electrical Systems
Assignee
Koito Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
80%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 10m
To Grant
92%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 80% — above average
80%
Career Allow Rate
883 granted / 1109 resolved
+11.6% vs TC avg
Moderate +13% lift
Without
With
+12.9%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 10m
Avg Prosecution
59 currently pending
Career history
1168
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.2%
-39.8% vs TC avg
§103
61.9%
+21.9% vs TC avg
§102
29.2%
-10.8% vs TC avg
§112
4.4%
-35.6% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1109 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Priority Receipt is acknowledged of certified copies of papers required by 37 CFR 1.55. Information Disclosure Statement Acknowledgment is made of receipt of Information Disclosure Statement (PTO-1449) filed 05/13/2024. An initialed copy is attached to this Office Action. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claims 1-6, 10 and 11 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Hiroteru et al. (WO 2021/132089 A1), hereinafter “Hiroteru”. Regarding claim 1, Hiroteru discloses an image generation apparatus (HUD) (see Fig. 1, Abstract) configured to generate an image of a head-up display (see Fig. 1, Abstract), the image generation apparatus (HUD) comprising: a plurality of light sources (11) (see Figs. 2, 4, Pg. 3, Paragraph 1 of translation provided); an optical member (12) configured to transmit light emitted from the plurality of light sources (11) (see Fig. 2, Pg. 3, Paragraph 1); and a liquid crystal unit (13) configured to generate a predetermined image by the light emitted from the optical member (see Fig. 2, Pg. 3, Paragraph 1), wherein the optical member (12) includes an incident surface configured to receive the light emitted from the plurality of light sources (11), and an emitting surface configured to emit the light received by the incident surface to the liquid crystal unit (13) (see Fig. 2), and wherein the emitting surface is formed by a single curved surface (emitting surface of 12b) (see Fig. 2). Regarding claim 2, Hiroteru discloses wherein in a plan view of the liquid crystal unit (13) (see Figs. 2-4), wherein the plurality of light sources (11) are arranged in parallel in a longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal unit (13) (see Figs. 4, 6), and include a first light source (11; 11(3,2)) located at a center in the longitudinal direction and a second light source (11; 11(0,2)) located away from the center (see Fig. 4), and wherein a position of the first light source is different from a position of the second light source in a short direction of the liquid crystal unit (13) (see Figs. 2-4, 6). Regarding claim 3, Hiroteru discloses wherein the plurality of light sources (11) further include a third light source (11; 11(1,2)) located between the first light source and the second light source in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal unit (13), and wherein an interval between the first light source and the third light source is shorter than an interval between the second light source and the third light source in the short direction of the liquid crystal unit (see Figs. 2-4, 6). Regarding claim 4, Hiroteru discloses wherein the plurality of light sources (11) further include a third light source (11; 11(1,2)) located between the first light source and the second light source in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal unit (13), and wherein an interval between the first light source and the third light source is shorter than an interval between the second light source and the third light source in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal unit (see Figs. 2-4, 6). Regarding claim 5, Hiroteru discloses wherein the interval between the first light source and the third light source is shorter than the interval between the second light source and the third light source in the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal unit (see Figs. 2-4, 6). Regarding claim 6, Hiroteru discloses wherein the optical member is a single convex lens (12b) (see Fig. 2). Regarding claim 10, Hiroteru discloses a head-up display (HUD) that is to be provided in a vehicle and is configured to display an image to an occupant (Vr) of the vehicle (see Fig. 1), the head-up display comprising: an image generation apparatus (1) (see Fig. 1, Abstract) configured to generate an image of a head-up display (see Fig. 1, Abstract), the image generation apparatus (1) comprising: a plurality of light sources (11) (see Figs. 2, 4, Pg. 3, Paragraph 1); an optical member (12) configured to transmit light emitted from the plurality of light sources (11) (see Fig. 2, Pg. 3, Paragraph 1); and a liquid crystal unit (13) configured to generate a predetermined image by the light emitted from the optical member (see Fig. 2, Pg. 3, Paragraph 1), wherein the optical member (12) includes an incident surface configured to receive the light emitted from the plurality of light sources (11), and an emitting surface configured to emit the light received by the incident surface to the liquid crystal unit (13) (see Fig. 2), and wherein the emitting surface is formed by a single curved surface (emitting surface of 12b) (see Fig. 2), and a reflecting mirror (2) configured to reflect light emitted from the image generation apparatus (1) (see Fig. 1). Regarding claim 11, Hiroteru discloses wherein the reflecting mirror (2) is a concave mirror (see Fig. 1). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claims 7 and 8 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hiroteru (WO 2021/132089 A1) in view of Takahiro (WO 2022/130823 A1). Regarding claim 7, Hiroteru discloses the claimed invention, but does not specify wherein the optical member is a single concave lens. In the same field of endeavor, Takahiro discloses wherein the optical member (30) is a single concave lens (see Figs. 16, 17). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the apparatus of Hiroteru with wherein the optical member is a single concave lens of Takahiro for the purpose of suppressing uneven illuminance (“Background – Art” of translation provided). Regarding claim 8, Hiroteru and Takahiro teach the image generation apparatus set forth above for claim 7, Takahiro further discloses wherein the incident surface has a plurality of curved convex shapes, and wherein the curved convex shapes face the plurality of light sources, respectively (see Figs. 16, 17). It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill to provide the image generation apparatus of Hiroteru with the teachings of Takahiro for at least the same reasons as those set forth above with respect to claim 7. Claim 9 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Hiroteru (WO 2021/132089 A1) in view of Grief et al. (USPG Pub No. 2020/0310120), hereinafter “Grief”. Regarding claim 9, Hiroteru discloses an image generation apparatus (HUD) (see Fig. 1, Abstract) configured to generate an image of a head-up display (see Fig. 1, Abstract), the image generation apparatus (HUD) comprising: a plurality of light sources (11) (see Figs. 2, 4, Pg. 3, Paragraph 1); an optical member (12) configured to transmit light emitted from the plurality of light sources (11) (see Fig. 2, Pg. 3, Paragraph 1); and a liquid crystal unit (13) configured to generate a predetermined image by the light emitted from the optical member (see Fig. 2, Pg. 3, Paragraph 1), wherein the optical member (12) includes an incident surface configured to receive the light emitted from the plurality of light sources (11), wherein an emitting surface configured to emit the light received by the incident surface to the liquid crystal unit (13) (see Fig. 2), wherein in a plan view of the liquid crystal unit (13) (see Figs. 2-4), wherein the plurality of light sources (11) are arranged in parallel in a longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal unit (13) (see Figs. 4, 6), and include a first light source (11; 11(3,2)) located at a center in the longitudinal direction and a second light source (11; 11(0,2)) located away from the center (see Fig. 4), and wherein a position of the first light source is different from a position of the second light source in a short direction of the liquid crystal unit (13) (see Figs. 2-4, 6). Hiroteru discloses the claimed invention, but does not specify wherein the optical member is a single Fresnel lens. In the same field of endeavor, Grief discloses wherein the optical member (1060) is a single Fresnel lens (Paragraph 65). Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to provide the apparatus of Hiroteru with wherein the optical member is a single Fresnel lens of Grief for the purpose of collimating the optical beams (Paragraph 65). Prior Art Citations Wu et al. (CN 114153066 A) is being cited herein to show an image generation apparatus relevant to the claimed invention. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to MAHIDERE S SAHLE whose telephone number is (571)270-3329. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Thursday 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Ricky Mack can be reached at 571 272-2333. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /MAHIDERE S SAHLE/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2872 3/21/2026
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

May 13, 2024
Application Filed
Mar 21, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
80%
Grant Probability
92%
With Interview (+12.9%)
2y 10m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1109 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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