DETAILED ACTION
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status
The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA .
Continued Examination Under 37 CFR 1.114
A request for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, including the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e), was filed in this application after final rejection. Since this application is eligible for continued examination under 37 CFR 1.114, and the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(e) has been timely paid, the finality of the previous Office action has been withdrawn pursuant to 37 CFR 1.114. Applicant's submission filed on 02/19/2025 has been entered.
Response to Arguments
Applicant’s arguments with respect to claim(s) 1, 6, 10-14, and 16-19 have been considered but are moot because the new ground of rejection does not rely on any combination of reference applied in the prior rejection of record for any teaching or matter specifically challenged in the argument.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action:
A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made.
Claims 1, 6, 10-14, and 16-19 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Strickland et al. (P. C. Strickland, "Series-fed microstrip patch arrays with periodic loading," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 1472-1474, Dec. 1995; hereinafter Strickland) in view of Kaloi et al. (US4074270; hereinafter Kaloi).
Regarding claim 1, Strickland discloses “An antenna apparatus, comprising: a first antenna array (fig. 1B), wherein the first antenna array comprises at least two antenna units (elements of 1B), the at least two antenna units comprises a first antenna unit (lower antenna unit of fig. 1B), and the first antenna unit comprises a first patch subunit (lower patch of fig. 1B) and a first feeder subunit (lower feedline of fig. 1B); and the first patch subunit sequentially comprises at least two stubs in a first direction (many stubs in first direction), the at least two stubs consist of a first stub and a second stub that are partially overlapping (stubs below patch in fig. 1B), and a length of the first stub in a second direction is less than a length of the second stub in the second direction (see fig. 1B stubs have varying length)”.
Strickland does not disclose “the first stub is in contact with the second stub”.
However, Kaloi teaches a patch radiator wherein “the first stub is in contact with the second stub (patch radiator 21 has a wide top and narrow bottom stub)”.
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to apply the teachings of Kaloi and make Strickland’s apparatus wherein the first stub is in contact with the second stub, in order to increase the bandwidth of the radiator.
Regarding claim 6, Strickland discloses “The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least two stubs comprise the first stub, the second stub, and a third stub (fig. 1B has at least three stubs); and a length of the third stub in the second direction is greater than the length of the first stub in the second direction and less than the length of the second stub in the second direction (stubs are all of carrying length)”.
Regarding claim 10, Strickland discloses “The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a length of the first patch subunit in the first direction is L4, and 0.5k<L4<1.5k, and k is an operating wavelength of the antenna apparatus (Section III, patch is a half wavelength radiator)”.
Regarding claim 11, Strickland discloses “The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first stub is configured to generate a horizontal single peak beam (all these stubs are single peak since they are meant to radiate in fundamental modes)”.
Regarding claim 12, Strickland discloses “The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first stub, the second stub, or a third stub is in a shape of a rectangle, an ellipse, a circle, a rhombus, a square, or a trapezoid (shape of a rectangle/square in fig. 1B)”.
Regarding claim 13, Strickland discloses “The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an edge of the first stub, the second stub, or a third stub is in a shape of a line segment (see fig. 1B stubs)”.
Regarding claim 14, Strickland discloses “The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least two antenna units further comprises a second antenna unit (fig. 1B has multiple units in series), wherein the second antenna unit and the first antenna unit have a same structure (fig. 1B); and the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are connected in the first direction (in series in first direction)”.
Regarding claim 16, Strickland discloses “The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a central axis of the first stub in the first direction, a central axis of the second stub in the first direction, or a central axis of the third stub in the first direction is parallel to the second direction (stub central axis all parallel to second direction in fig. 1B)”.
Regarding claim 17, Strickland discloses “The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the antenna apparatus further comprises a second antenna array, wherein the second antenna array and the first antenna array have a same structure (fig. 1B and fig. 2 show array and side-by-side disposal/loading)”.
Regarding claim 18, Strickland discloses “A detection apparatus to sense a surrounding environment, the detection apparatus comprising an antenna apparatus, comprising: a first antenna array (fig. 1B), wherein the first antenna array comprises at least two antenna units (elements of 1B), the at least two antenna units comprises a first antenna unit (lower antenna unit of fig. 1B), and the first antenna unit comprises a first patch subunit (lower patch of fig. 1B) and a first feeder subunit (lower feedline of fig. 1B); and the first patch subunit sequentially comprises at least two stubs in a first direction (many stubs in first direction), the at least two stubs consist of a first stub and a second stub that are partially overlapping(stubs below patch in fig. 1B), and a length of the first stub in a second direction is less than a length of the second stub in the second direction (see fig. 1B stubs have varying length)”.
Strickland does not disclose “the first stub is in contact with the second stub”.
However, Kaloi teaches a patch radiator wherein “the first stub is in contact with the second stub (patch radiator 21 has a wide top and narrow bottom stub)”.
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to apply the teachings of Kaloi and make Strickland’s detection apparatus wherein the first stub is in contact with the second stub, in order to increase the bandwidth of the radiator.
Regarding claim 19, Strickland discloses “A terminal device comprising: a detection apparatus to sense a surrounding environment, the detection apparatus comprising an antenna apparatus, comprising: a first antenna array (fig. 1B), wherein the first antenna array comprises at least two antenna units (elements of 1B), the at least two antenna units comprises a first antenna unit (lower antenna unit of fig. 1B), and the first antenna unit comprises a first patch subunit (lower patch of fig. 1B) and a first feeder subunit (lower feedline of fig. 1B); and the first patch subunit sequentially comprises at least two stubs in a first direction (many stubs in first direction), the at least two stubs consist of a first stub and a second stub that are partially overlapping(stubs below patch in fig. 1B), and a length of the first stub in a second direction is less than a length of the second stub in the second direction (see fig. 1B stubs have varying length)”.
Strickland does not disclose “the first stub is in contact with the second stub”.
However, Kaloi teaches a patch radiator wherein “the first stub is in contact with the second stub (patch radiator 21 has a wide top and narrow bottom stub)”.
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to apply the teachings of Kaloi and make Strickland’s terminal device wherein the first stub is in contact with the second stub, in order to increase the bandwidth of the radiator.
Claims 2-5 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Strickland and Kaloi in view of Liu et al. (H. Liu, L. Meng, X. Huo, S. Liu and J. Xiao, "A Novel Dual-Band Dual-Pattern Radiation Patch Antenna Based on Mode Analysis Theory Under TM01 and TM02 Mode," 2020 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization (NEMO), Hangzhou, China, 2020, pp. 1-4; hereinafter Liu).
Regarding claim 2, Strickland discloses the apparatus according to claim 1 as shown previously.
Strickland does not disclose “wherein a direction in which the first antenna unit radiates a signal on a first frequency band is a third direction, wherein the third direction is a normal direction of the first antenna unit; directions in which the first antenna unit radiates signals on a second frequency band are a fourth direction and a fifth direction, wherein the fourth direction and the fifth direction are respectively located on two sides of the third direction; and the first frequency band is different from the second frequency band”.
However, Liu teaches designing patches and feeding them such that it creates a first signal in a third direction and second signal in a fourth and fifth direction with different frequencies (see patterns created in fig. 6).
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to apply the teachings of Liu and make Strickland’s apparatus wherein a direction in which the first antenna unit radiates a signal on a first frequency band is a third direction, wherein the third direction is a normal direction of the first antenna unit; directions in which the first antenna unit radiates signals on a second frequency band are a fourth direction and a fifth direction, wherein the fourth direction and the fifth direction are respectively located on two sides of the third direction; and the first frequency band is different from the second frequency band, in order to cover more area with the signal and have multiple modes without overlap.
Regarding claim 3, Strickland discloses the apparatus according to claim 1 as shown previously.
Strickland does not disclose “wherein the first antenna unit radiates a horizontal single peak beam on a first frequency band; the first antenna unit radiates a horizontal double peak beam on a second frequency band; and the first frequency band is different from the second frequency band”.
However, Liu teaches designing patches and feeding them such that it creates a first signal in a third direction and second signal in a fourth and fifth direction with different frequencies (see patterns created in fig. 6).
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to apply the teachings of Liu and make Strickland’s apparatus wherein the first antenna unit radiates a horizontal single peak beam on a first frequency band; the first antenna unit radiates a horizontal double peak beam on a second frequency band; and the first frequency band is different from the second frequency band, in order to cover more area with the signal and have multiple modes without overlap.
Regarding claim 4, Strickland discloses the apparatus according to claim 1 as shown previously.
Strickland does not disclose “wherein a current on the first stub flows in the first direction”.
However, Liu teaches “wherein a current on the first stub flows in the first direction (fig. 3a)”.
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to apply the teachings of Liu and make Strickland’s apparatus wherein a current on the first stub flows in the first direction, in order to get the desired radiation pattern from the radiator.
Regarding claim 5, Strickland discloses the apparatus according to claim 1 as shown previously.
Strickland does not disclose “wherein components of a current on the second stub in the second direction are symmetrical in the first direction”.
However, Liu teaches “wherein components of a current on the second stub in the second direction are symmetrical in the first direction (fig. 3a)”.
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to apply the teachings of Liu and make Strickland’s apparatus wherein components of a current on the second stub in the second direction are symmetrical in the first direction, in order to get the desired radiation pattern from the radiator.
Claims 7-9 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Strickland and Kaloi in view of Yoshitake et al. (US20190312357; hereinafter Yoshitake).
Regarding claim 7, Strickland discloses the apparatus according to claim 1 as shown previously.
Strickland does not disclose “wherein the length of the first stub in the second direction is L1, 0.35X<L1<0.65X, and X is an operating wavelength of the antenna apparatus”.
However, Yoshitake teaches that the length and width of stub elements in an antenna unit is a design choice that can be found through experimental procedure (see figs. 4-5, ¶[0038]; In a conventional antenna element, control of the coupling amount is performed by changing the element width, and ¶[0049]; In FIG. 4, a horizontal axis indicates a ratio of the opening depth La to the element length L and a vertical axis indicates the coupling amount. In FIG. 5, a horizontal axis indicates a ratio of the opening width Wa to the element width W and a vertical axis indicates the coupling amount).
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to apply the teachings of Yoshitake and make Strickland’s apparatus wherein the length of the first stub in the second direction is L1, 0.35X<L1<0.65X, and X is an operating wavelength of the antenna apparatus, in order to have the proper radiation and coupling (or decoupling) at the desired operating frequencies.
Furthermore, it has been held that where the general conditions of a claim are disclosed in the prior art, discovering the optimum or workable ranges involves only routine skill in the art. In re Aller, 105 USPQ 233 (CCPA 1955) and it has been held that choosing from a finite number of identified, predictable solutions, with a reasonable expectation of success is obvious. KSR International Co. v Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S.__, __, 82 USPQ2d 1385, 1395-97 (2007).
Regarding claim 8, Strickland discloses the apparatus according to claim 1 as shown previously.
Strickland does not disclose “wherein the length of the second stub in the second direction is L2, 0.7k< L2<1.3k, and k is the-an operating wavelength of the antenna apparatus”.
However, Yoshitake teaches that the length and width of stub elements in an antenna unit is a design choice that can be found through experimental procedure (see figs. 4-5, ¶[0038]; In a conventional antenna element, control of the coupling amount is performed by changing the element width, and ¶[0049]; In FIG. 4, a horizontal axis indicates a ratio of the opening depth La to the element length L and a vertical axis indicates the coupling amount. In FIG. 5, a horizontal axis indicates a ratio of the opening width Wa to the element width W and a vertical axis indicates the coupling amount).
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to apply the teachings of Yoshitake and make Strickland’s apparatus wherein the length of the second stub in the second direction is L2, 0.7k< L2<1.3k, and k is the-an operating wavelength of the antenna apparatus, in order to have the proper radiation and coupling (or decoupling) at the desired operating frequencies.
Furthermore, it has been held that where the general conditions of a claim are disclosed in the prior art, discovering the optimum or workable ranges involves only routine skill in the art. In re Aller, 105 USPQ 233 (CCPA 1955) and it has been held that choosing from a finite number of identified, predictable solutions, with a reasonable expectation of success is obvious. KSR International Co. v Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S.__, __, 82 USPQ2d 1385, 1395-97 (2007).
Regarding claim 9, Strickland discloses the apparatus according to claim 6 as shown previously.
Strickland does not disclose “wherein the length of the third stub in the second direction is L3, and 0.525X<L3<1.125X, and X is an operating wavelength of the antenna apparatus”.
However, Yoshitake teaches that the length and width of stub elements in an antenna unit is a design choice that can be found through experimental procedure (see figs. 4-5, ¶[0038]; In a conventional antenna element, control of the coupling amount is performed by changing the element width, and ¶[0049]; In FIG. 4, a horizontal axis indicates a ratio of the opening depth La to the element length L and a vertical axis indicates the coupling amount. In FIG. 5, a horizontal axis indicates a ratio of the opening width Wa to the element width W and a vertical axis indicates the coupling amount).
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to apply the teachings of Yoshitake and make Strickland’s apparatus wherein the length of the third stub in the second direction is L3, and 0.525X<L3<1.125X, and X is an operating wavelength of the antenna apparatus, in order to have the proper radiation and coupling (or decoupling) at the desired operating frequencies.
Furthermore, it has been held that where the general conditions of a claim are disclosed in the prior art, discovering the optimum or workable ranges involves only routine skill in the art. In re Aller, 105 USPQ 233 (CCPA 1955) and it has been held that choosing from a finite number of identified, predictable solutions, with a reasonable expectation of success is obvious. KSR International Co. v Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S.__, __, 82 USPQ2d 1385, 1395-97 (2007).
Claim 15 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Strickland and Kaloi in view of Gharavi et al. (US20190312357; hereinafter Gharavi).
Regarding claim 7, Strickland discloses the apparatus according to claim 1 as shown previously.
Strickland does not disclose “wherein a distance between the first antenna unit and a second antenna unit in the first direction is 0.5xN first wavelengths, wherein N is a positive integer”.
However, Gharavi teaches “wherein a distance between the first antenna unit and a second antenna unit in the first direction is 0.5xN first wavelengths, wherein N is a positive integer (¶[0076]; As illustrated in FIGS. 9A and 9B, when antennas 950 are interleaved with antennas 952, as in the interleaved antenna rows configuration of phased array antenna panel 700 in FIG. 7, if each antenna element is uniformly spaced from its adjacent antenna element by distance D1, the distance between each antenna 950 increases as compared to when antennas 950 are not interleaved with antennas 952, as in the non-overlapping sub-arrays configuration of phased array antenna panel 400 in FIG. 4. In practice, a relatively large distance between antennas 950 uniquely associated with power amplifiers that transmit constant amplitude component S1(t), such as distance D2, can cause a phased array antenna panel to transmit RF beams in unintended directions, also referred to as “grating lobes.” For example, phased array antenna panel 902 may exhibit grating lobes when distance D2 is greater than a half wavelength (i.e., greater than λ/2). In high frequency applications having short wavelengths, it can be complex and costly to manufacture phased array antenna panel 902 such that distance D2 is less than or equal to a half wavelength (i.e., less than or equal to λ/2))”.
Therefore, it would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to apply the teachings of Gharavi and make Strickland’s apparatus wherein a distance between the first antenna unit and a second antenna unit in the first direction is 0.5xN first wavelengths, wherein N is a positive integer, in order to have the proper radiation and coupling (or decoupling) at the desired operating frequencies.
Conclusion
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/AUSTIN M BACK/ Examiner, Art Unit 2845
/DIMARY S LOPEZ CRUZ/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 2845
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