Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/741,669

GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS) TIME SYNCHRONIZATION FOR GATEWAY DEVICES

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Jun 12, 2024
Examiner
LIU, HARRY K
Art Unit
3648
Tech Center
3600 — Transportation & Electronic Commerce
Assignee
Oxit LLC
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
91%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 7m
To Grant
96%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 91% — above average
91%
Career Allow Rate
1186 granted / 1303 resolved
+39.0% vs TC avg
Minimal +5% lift
Without
With
+5.0%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 7m
Avg Prosecution
25 currently pending
Career history
1328
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
7.3%
-32.7% vs TC avg
§103
31.4%
-8.6% vs TC avg
§102
36.6%
-3.4% vs TC avg
§112
18.7%
-21.3% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 1303 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1, 3-5, 11, 13-14 and 19 and are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a1) as being anticipated by Ghosh (US-12256350-B1). Regarding claims 1, 4-5, 11, 14 and 19, Ghosh discloses a system comprising: at least one gateway device (the ground station 106 may act as a network gateway, col. 7, lines 28-29); and a relay device (The ground stations 106 may pass data between the satellites 102, col. 7, lines 17-18), a device pass data is a relay) in communication with the at least one gateway device, wherein the relay device is configured to: generate, via a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) component, a plurality of pulse per second (PPS) signals based on establishing a connection with at least one GNSS satellite, wherein the plurality of PPS signals is time synchronized with a GNSS Clock (see Fig. 5)(primary external source is a GNSS constellation 502, col. 17, line 55-56); determine a first PPS signal (a primary PPS signal 508, col. 18, lines17-18) of the plurality of PPS signals associated with the at least one gateway device sending a beacon (gateway is implemented to broadcast, see also downlink data 114 in Fig. 5, col. 17, line) to at least one end device; based on the determined first PPS signal, determine a second PPS signal of the plurality of PPS signals associated with sending a message to the at least one gateway device, the second PPS signal occurring before the first PPS signal (the primary PPS system 174); and send the message to the at least one gateway device based on detecting an edge of the second PPS signal (the primary PPS signal 508 is indicative of a start time of a second, col. 18, lines 17-18), wherein the at least one gateway device is configured to utilize a time associated with receipt of the message at the at least one gateway device to determine that the at least one gateway device is time synchronized with the GNSS clock (PPS selector system 178, Fig. 5). Regarding claims 3, 13, Ghosh discloses wherein the at least one gateway device is not configured to establish a connection with the at least one GNSS satellite (not all the ground station is configured to connect with GNSS satellite or visible to satellites). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made. Claim(s) 2, 12 and 20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Ghosh (US-12256350-B1) as applied to claims 1, 11 and 19 above, and further in view of Arora (EP-3840454-A1). Regarding claims 2, 12 and 20, Ghosh does not specifically disclose use of LoRaWAN in class B communication. However, Arora teaches use of such system as a choice with balance system regarding latency and energy consumption (abstract). It would have been obvious to modify Ghosh with Arora by implementing LoRaWAN among multiple ground stations spread out in a large area in order to achieve efficient synchronization. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 6-10, 15-18 are objected to as being dependent upon a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten in independent form including all of the limitations of the base claim and any intervening claims. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to HARRY K LIU whose telephone number is (571)270-1338. The examiner can normally be reached on every M-F 10 AM to 6:30 PM. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, please leave a voice message with application serial number and nature of call, a response within 24 hours can be expected during regular business days. Also, the Examiner’s supervisor Vladimir Magloire can be reached at (571)270-5144. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-270-2338. Information regarding the status of an application may be obtained from the Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) system. Status information for published applications may be obtained from either Private PAIR or Public PAIR. Status information for unpublished applications is available through Private PAIR only. For more information about the PAIR system, see http://pair-direct.uspto.gov. Should you have questions on access to the Private PAIR system, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative or access to the automated information system, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /HARRY K LIU/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3645 Tel: (571) 270-1338 Fax: (571) 270-2338 Email: harry.liu@uspto.gov
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jun 12, 2024
Application Filed
Feb 20, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
91%
Grant Probability
96%
With Interview (+5.0%)
2y 7m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 1303 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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