Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 18, 2026
Application No. 18/743,422

SYSTEMS, PROCESSES, AND MODELING METHODS FOR DRILLING IN HOT DRY ROCK USING SUPERCRITICAL OR DENSE PHASE CARBON DIOXIDE

Final Rejection §112
Filed
Jun 14, 2024
Examiner
WECHSELBERGER, ALFRED H.
Art Unit
2187
Tech Center
2100 — Computer Architecture & Software
Assignee
Blade Energy Partners Ltd.
OA Round
4 (Final)
58%
Grant Probability
Moderate
5-6
OA Rounds
3y 8m
To Grant
94%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 58% of resolved cases
58%
Career Allow Rate
122 granted / 212 resolved
+2.5% vs TC avg
Strong +36% interview lift
Without
With
+36.5%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 8m
Avg Prosecution
42 currently pending
Career history
254
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
30.0%
-10.0% vs TC avg
§103
38.9%
-1.1% vs TC avg
§102
3.8%
-36.2% vs TC avg
§112
24.0%
-16.0% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 212 resolved cases

Office Action

§112
DETAILED ACTION Claims 1 – 3 and 5 - 6 have been presented for examination. Claim 1 is currently amended. Claim 4 is cancelled. The instant office is in response to the amendments dated 01/23/2026. Response to SPECIFICATION and WRITTEN DESCRIPTION Applicant’s arguments have been fully considered. However, the Office does not consider them to be persuasive. Applicant argues: “Therefore, with all due respect, the added paragraphs [0065.1] - [0065.6] do not in fact add new matter, but simply explain in greater detail what was inherent in the original specification in an effort to evidence that inventor Dr. Suryanarayana indeed had possession of the invention when the parent application to the present application was filed” Applicant argues that the proposed amendment of the specification is to add subject matter which is “inherent in the original specification”. Examiner notes that inherency can be argued and would not by itself require the addition of embodiments that were not previously disclosed. Further, including additional details for the express purpose of providing “evidence that inventor Dr. Suryanarayana indeed had possession of the invention” is antithetical to the written description requirement. Applicant argues: “With respect to claim 1, as amended, it should be clear that viewing the patent application drawings and text (detailed description and claims) there was at least a constructive reduction to practice that in a definite way identifies the claimed invention, a method as now recited, the mathematical model developed and programmed using a programming language, and using a spreadsheet program to facilitate inputting and outputting data. The original specification clearly detailed, in at least FIGS. 3, 4, 6A, and 6B the use of a spreadsheet to input and visualize the outputs. These figures were discussed at paragraphs [0054] - [0064] and paragraphs [0072] and [0102].” (emphasis added) Applicant argues that the disclosure, especially Figure 3 – 4, 6A and 6B (discussed in Paragraph 54 – 64 and 72 and 102) clearly detail the use of a spreadsheet to input and visualize the outputs. Examiner respectfully notes that nowhere is it explicitly disclosed “use of a spreadsheet to input and visualize the outputs” (see emphasis in Applicant’s remarks). Specifically, there is explicitly disclosed “a custom Microsoft® Excel®-based program to model the problem” in combination with a “thermal analysis input panel”. Although a Microsoft® Excel®-based program is theoretically usable for creating the disclosed “input panel”, this is not explicitly recited since the Figures are merely “screenshot[s]”. Examiner further notes that there is not explicitly disclosed any “front end to facilitate inputs” as recited. Response to Affidavit of PV Suryanarayana The declaration under 37 CFR 1.132 filed 07/09/2025 is insufficient to overcome the rejection of claim 1 based upon insufficiency of disclosure under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) as set forth in the last Office action because: the support provided by the declaration is substantially the same material that is contained in the amendments to the specification and the claims, with additional conclusory statements that said material was in possession at the time the application was filed and/or included in the claimed invention (see “Affidavit of PV Suryanarayana” Page 5 “In response, I respectfully submit the following to provide more details on the claims in the patent … The specific invention in this patent … Before we applied for the patent, I worked together with one of my co-inventors (Dr Sharat Chandrasekhar) in developing such a transient thermal simulation mathematical model and algorithm capable of handling the transient behavior and phase changes of sC02, and of simulating the process of drilling with it as a drilling fluid”). To satisfy the written description requirement, a patent specification must describe the claimed invention in sufficient detail that one skilled in the art can reasonably conclude that the inventor had possession of the claimed invention (see MPEP 2163(II)). Beyond said additional conclusory statements, there is no evidence to support the conclusion that Applicant was in possession of each and every detail included in the amendments to the specification and claims (which are supported by the amended specification). Further, the stated high-level of skill of the Applicant does not in and of itself amount to evidence that the Applicant had possession of the claimed invention at the time the application was filed. DISCUSSION WITH REGARD TO 35 U.S.C. §101 REJECTIONS Applicant’s amendments overcome the 101 rejection. Therefore, it is withdrawn. Specifically, the claimed invention at Step 2A, Prong II recites a specific cooling configuration (i.e., “accept sCO2 and expel non-critical CO2 adjacent or nearly adjacent the at least one MWD components”), and utilizing specific components (i.e., “cooling device selected from a pressure letdown valve, a choke, and a Joule-Thompson valve”), to achieve a specific effect under specific conditions (i.e., “cooling the one or more MWD components while drilling a borehole in hot dry rock” and “thereby protecting the one or more MWD components from malfunctioning”), said cooling arrangement explicitly being in accordance with the abstract idea (i.e., “according to the mathematical model”). Response to 35 U.S.C. § 103 Rejection Applicant’s amendments overcome the prior art rejection. Therefore, the prior art rejection is withdrawn (see Allowable Subject Matter). Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 112 The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of 35 U.S.C. 112(a): (a) IN GENERAL.—The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor or joint inventor of carrying out the invention. The following is a quotation of the first paragraph of pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112: The specification shall contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor of carrying out his invention. Claims 1 – 3 and 5 - 6 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 112(a) or 35 U.S.C. 112 (pre-AIA ), first paragraph, as failing to comply with the written description requirement. The claim(s) contains subject matter which was not described in the specification in such a way as to reasonably convey to one skilled in the relevant art that the inventor or a joint inventor, or for applications subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 112, the inventor(s), at the time the application was filed, had possession of the claimed invention. With regard to claim 1, it recites “(a) inputting into a mathematical model programmed using a programming language, with a spreadsheet program front end to facilitate inputs and provide all key results as output” which is reasonably interpreted as the spreadsheet program providing the later recited “computing” and “estimating” steps as said “key results as output”. Looking the originally filed disclosure (see Response to Amendments to the Specification), it is explicitly disclosed that the spreadsheet program itself performs the modeling, and not merely used as a frontend and providing outputs (see the instant application Paragraph 50 - 66 “The inventors herein have developed a custom Microsoft® Excel®-based program to model the problem. Model Method inputs … Modeling Method Outputs”). Further, there is no explicit disclosure of the mathematical model being implemented with a programming language connected to a spreadsheet program. Therefore, there is a lack of written description for the recited combination of a spreadsheet frontend and mathematical model programming language so that one of ordinary skill in the art would reasonably conclude that the inventor has possession of the claimed invention at the time of filing (see MPEP 2161.01(I) “Similarly, original claims may lack written description when the claims define the invention in functional language specifying a desired result but the specification does not sufficiently describe how the function is performed or the result is achieved. For software, this can occur when the algorithm or steps/procedure for performing the computer function are not explained at all or are not explained in sufficient detail (simply restating the function recited in the claim is not necessarily sufficient).”). With regard to claim 2 – 3 and 5 – 6, they are rejected by virtue of their dependency on a rejected parent claim, and without reciting additional limitations to overcome the deficiency. Allowable Subject Matter The following is an examiner’s statement of reasons for allowance, subject to the 112 rejection: the limitations in claim 1 (and claims 2 – 3 and 5 – 6 by incorporation) “(f) estimating cooling of the one or more MWD components by Joule-Thomson effect cooling by modeling routing the supercritical carbon dioxide through a cooling device employing the mathematical model and the processor, the estimating comprising estimating at least one of: (i) temperatures at the one or more MWD components, at the drill bit, and of well returns at surf ace; (ii) pressures at the standpipe, the one or more MWD components, and at the drill bit (surface back pressure is given, and a parameter of the problem)”, in combination with the remaining elements and features of the claimed invention. It is for these reasons that the applicant’s invention defines over the prior art or record. Song et al. “Wellbore flow field of coiled tubing drilling with supercritical carbon dioxide” teaches modeling the use of CO2 during underbalanced drilling. However, does not appear to explicitly disclose at least: estimating cooling of the one or more MWD components by Joule-Thomson effect cooling by modeling routing the supercritical carbon dioxide through a cooling device employing the mathematical model and the processor, the estimating comprising estimating at least one of: (i) temperatures at the one or more MWD components, at the drill bit, and of well returns at surface; (ii) pressures at the standpipe, the one or more MWD components, and at the drill bit (surface back pressure is given, and a parameter of the problem). Verma et al. “Thermal Management of Electronics Used in Downhole Tools” teaches modeling active cooling of a downhole instrument using Joule-Thompson cooling using a vapor compression cycle. However, does not appear to explicitly disclose at least: estimating cooling of the one or more MWD components by Joule-Thomson effect cooling by modeling routing the supercritical carbon dioxide through a cooling device employing the mathematical model and the processor, the estimating comprising estimating at least one of: (i) temperatures at the one or more MWD components, at the drill bit, and of well returns at surface; (ii) pressures at the standpipe, the one or more MWD components, and at the drill bit (surface back pressure is given, and a parameter of the problem). Marzouk et al. (US 2014/0367167) teaches cooling a sensitive component downhole using a cooling mixture chamber causing an endothermic reaction. However, does not appear to explicitly disclose at least: estimating cooling of the one or more MWD components by Joule-Thomson effect cooling by modeling routing the supercritical carbon dioxide through a cooling device employing the mathematical model and the processor, the estimating comprising estimating at least one of: (i) temperatures at the one or more MWD components, at the drill bit, and of well returns at surface; (ii) pressures at the standpipe, the one or more MWD components, and at the drill bit (surface back pressure is given, and a parameter of the problem). Any comments considered necessary by applicant must be submitted no later than the payment of the issue fee and, to avoid processing delays, should preferably accompany the issue fee. Such submissions should be clearly labeled “Comments on Statement of Reasons for Allowance.” Conclusion THIS ACTION IS MADE FINAL. Applicant is reminded of the extension of time policy as set forth in 37 CFR 1.136(a). A shortened statutory period for reply to this final action is set to expire THREE MONTHS from the mailing date of this action. In the event a first reply is filed within TWO MONTHS of the mailing date of this final action and the advisory action is not mailed until after the end of the THREE-MONTH shortened statutory period, then the shortened statutory period will expire on the date the advisory action is mailed, and any nonprovisional extension fee (37 CFR 1.17(a)) pursuant to 37 CFR 1.136(a) will be calculated from the mailing date of the advisory action. In no event, however, will the statutory period for reply expire later than SIX MONTHS from the mailing date of this final action. Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ALFRED H. WECHSELBERGER whose telephone number is (571)272-8988. The examiner can normally be reached M - F, 10am to 6pm. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Emerson Puente can be reached at 571-272-3652. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /ALFRED H. WECHSELBERGER/ExaminerArt Unit 2187 /EMERSON C PUENTE/Supervisory Patent Examiner, Art Unit 2187
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jun 14, 2024
Application Filed
Sep 20, 2024
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Dec 23, 2024
Response Filed
Feb 04, 2025
Final Rejection — §112
Jul 09, 2025
Request for Continued Examination
Jul 16, 2025
Response after Non-Final Action
Sep 17, 2025
Non-Final Rejection — §112
Jan 23, 2026
Response Filed
Jan 23, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action
Mar 01, 2026
Final Rejection — §112
Mar 26, 2026
Response after Non-Final Action

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12561501
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EXCESS GAS UTILIZATION
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 24, 2026
Patent 12517804
GENERATING TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTS FOR A SOFTWARE APPLICATION
2y 5m to grant Granted Jan 06, 2026
Patent 12468581
INTER-KERNEL DATAFLOW ANALYSIS AND DEADLOCK DETECTION
2y 5m to grant Granted Nov 11, 2025
Patent 12462075
RESOURCE PREDICTION SYSTEM FOR EXECUTING MACHINE LEARNING MODELS
2y 5m to grant Granted Nov 04, 2025
Patent 12450145
ADVANCED SIMULATION MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR A MEDICAL RECORDS SYSTEM
2y 5m to grant Granted Oct 21, 2025
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

AI Strategy Recommendation

Get an AI-powered prosecution strategy using examiner precedents, rejection analysis, and claim mapping.
Powered by AI — typically takes 5-10 seconds

Prosecution Projections

5-6
Expected OA Rounds
58%
Grant Probability
94%
With Interview (+36.5%)
3y 8m
Median Time to Grant
High
PTA Risk
Based on 212 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

Sign in with your work email

Enter your email to receive a magic link. No password needed.

Personal email addresses (Gmail, Yahoo, etc.) are not accepted.

Free tier: 3 strategy analyses per month