Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/743,800

VEHICLE THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Non-Final OA §102§103
Filed
Jun 14, 2024
Examiner
ARANT, HARRY E
Art Unit
3763
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Kia Corporation
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
48%
Grant Probability
Moderate
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 9m
To Grant
71%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 48% of resolved cases
48%
Career Allow Rate
274 granted / 569 resolved
-21.8% vs TC avg
Strong +22% interview lift
Without
With
+22.4%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 9m
Avg Prosecution
49 currently pending
Career history
618
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.1%
-39.9% vs TC avg
§103
55.0%
+15.0% vs TC avg
§102
26.2%
-13.8% vs TC avg
§112
17.3%
-22.7% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 569 resolved cases

Office Action

§102 §103
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1-6 and 9-11 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Jeong (U.S. Patent Publication No. 2022/0355645). Regarding claim 1, Jeong discloses a vehicle thermal management system (fig 1), comprising: a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) subsystem including a compressor (144), an accumulator (158) disposed on an upstream side of the compressor (as refrigerant flows from the accumulator to the compressor), and a refrigerant circulation path (155) fluidly connected to the accumulator; and a coolant subsystem including a coolant heater (126) and a coolant circulation path (127) fluidly connected to the coolant heater, wherein the accumulator includes a refrigerant passage fluidly connected to the refrigerant circulation path and includes a coolant passage fluidly connected to the coolant circulation path (fig 1). Regarding claim 2, Jeong further discloses wherein the coolant heater (126) is located on an upstream side of the coolant passage of the accumulator (158, as coolant flows from the coolant heater to the accumulator). Regarding claim 3, Jeong further discloses a battery chiller (157) including a refrigerant passage fluidly connected to the refrigerant circulation path (155) and including a coolant passage fluidly connected to the coolant circulation path (127). Regarding claim 4, Jeong further discloses wherein the refrigerant passage of the battery chiller (157) is located on an upstream side of the refrigerant passage of the accumulator (158, as refrigerant flows from the battery chiller to the accumulator), and wherein the coolant passage of the battery chiller is located on a downstream side of the coolant passage of the accumulator (as coolant flows from the accumulator to the battery chiller). Regarding claim 5, Jeong further discloses wherein: the HVAC subsystem further includes an interior condenser (145) disposed on a downstream side of the compressor (140, as refrigerant flows from the compressor to the interior condenser), a refrigerant control valve (159) disposed on a downstream side of the interior condenser (as refrigerant flows from the interior condenser to the refrigerant control valve), an exterior heat exchanger (146) disposed on a downstream side of the refrigerant control valve, and a chiller-side expansion valve (152) disposed on the upstream side of the refrigerant passage of the battery chiller (125), and the chiller-side expansion valve is configured to allow a refrigerant to flow from any one of the exterior heat exchanger and the interior condenser to the refrigerant passage of the battery chiller (fig 1). Regarding claim 6, Jeong further discloses wherein the refrigerant circulation path (155) includes a heating-side bypass line (155c) extending from an upstream point of the refrigerant control valve (159) to an upstream point of the refrigerant passage of the battery chiller (125). Regarding claim 9, Jeong further discloses wherein the coolant subsystem further includes a battery (176) and a coolant control valve (129) fluidly connected to the coolant circulation path (127), and wherein the coolant control valve is configured to control a flow of a coolant passing through the battery, the coolant heater (126), the coolant passage of the accumulator (158), and the coolant passage of the battery chiller (125). Regarding claim 10, Jeong further discloses wherein the coolant heater (126) is located on a downstream side of the battery (176). Regarding claim 11, Jeong further discloses wherein the coolant subsystem further includes a battery bypass line (128) extending from an upstream point of the battery (176) to a downstream point of the battery. Claim(s) 1, 3, and 5-9 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Durrani et al. (PCT Publication WO2020242096A1, “Durrani”). Regarding claim 1, Durrani discloses a vehicle thermal management system (fig 1), comprising: a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) subsystem including a compressor (1), an accumulator (15) disposed on an upstream side of the compressor (as refrigerant flows from the accumulator to the compressor), and a refrigerant circulation path (fig 1) fluidly connected to the accumulator; and a coolant subsystem including a coolant heater (33) and a coolant circulation path (fig 1) fluidly connected to the coolant heater, wherein the accumulator includes a refrigerant passage fluidly connected to the refrigerant circulation path and includes a coolant passage fluidly connected to the coolant circulation path (fig 1). Regarding claim 3, Durrani further discloses a battery chiller (9) including a refrigerant passage fluidly connected to the refrigerant circulation path (fig 1) and including a coolant passage fluidly connected to the coolant circulation path (fig 1). Regarding claim 5, Durrani further discloses wherein: the HVAC subsystem further includes an interior condenser (2) disposed on a downstream side of the compressor (1, as refrigerant flows from the compressor to the interior condenser), a refrigerant control valve (3) disposed on a downstream side of the interior condenser (as refrigerant flows from the interior condenser to the refrigerant control valve), an exterior heat exchanger (4) disposed on a downstream side of the refrigerant control valve, and a chiller-side expansion valve (8) disposed on the upstream side of the refrigerant passage of the battery chiller (9), and the chiller-side expansion valve is configured to allow a refrigerant to flow from any one of the exterior heat exchanger and the interior condenser to the refrigerant passage of the battery chiller (fig 1). Regarding claim 6, Durrani further discloses wherein the refrigerant circulation path (fig 1) includes a heating-side bypass line (11) extending from an upstream point of the refrigerant control valve (3) to an upstream point of the refrigerant passage of the battery chiller (9). Regarding claim 7, Durrani further discloses wherein the chiller-side expansion valve (8) includes a first port (1) fluidly communicating with the refrigerant passage of the battery chiller (9), a second port (2) fluidly communicating with the exterior heat exchanger (4), and a third port (3) fluidly communicating with the heating-side bypass line (11). Regarding claim 8, Durrani further discloses wherein the chiller-side expansion valve (8) is configured to allow the first port (1) to be fluidly connected to at least one of the second port and the third port (3) by an actuator (as the valve must have an actuator). Regarding claim 9, Durrani further discloses wherein the coolant subsystem further includes a battery (connected to heat exchanger 19) and a coolant control valve (26) fluidly connected to the coolant circulation path (fig 1), and wherein the coolant control valve is configured to control a flow of a coolant passing through the battery, the coolant heater (33), the coolant passage of the accumulator (15), and the coolant passage of the battery chiller (9). Claim(s) 10-13 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Durrani as applied to claim 9 above, and further in view of Jeong (U.S. Patent Publication No. 2022/0355645). Regarding claim 10, Durrani discloses all previous claim limitations. However, Durrani does not explicitly disclose wherein the coolant heater is located on a downstream side of the battery. Jeong, however, discloses wherein a coolant heater (126) is located on a downstream side of the battery (176). It would have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art before the effective filing date of the claimed invention for Durrani to provide the heater downstream of the battery such as taught by Jeong in order to allow for more precise temperature control of the battery (as Jeong teaches controlling the coolant temperature with data from temperature sensor 7). Regarding claim 11, the combination of Durrani and Jeong discloses all previous claim limitations. Durrani further discloses wherein the coolant subsystem further includes a battery bypass line (22) extending from an upstream point of the battery (connected to heat exchanger 19) to a downstream point of the battery. Regarding claim 12, the combination of Durrani and Jeong discloses all previous claim limitations. Durrani further discloses wherein the coolant subsystem further includes a distribution valve (25) configured to allow the coolant discharged from the coolant control valve (26) to be directed to at least one of the battery (connected to heat exchanger 19) and the battery bypass line (22). Regarding claim 13, the combination of Durrani and Jeong discloses all previous claim limitations. Durrani further discloses wherein the distribution valve (25) includes an inlet port (see annotated fig 1 below) fluidly communicating with the coolant control valve (26), a first outlet port (see annotated fig 1 below) fluidly communicating with the battery (connected to the heat exchanger 19), and a second outlet port (see annotated fig 1 below) fluidly communicating with the battery bypass line (22). PNG media_image1.png 392 722 media_image1.png Greyscale Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to HARRY E ARANT whose telephone number is (571)272-1105. The examiner can normally be reached Monday-Friday 10-6 ET. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Jianying Atkisson can be reached at (571)270-7740. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /HARRY E ARANT/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3763
Read full office action

Prosecution Timeline

Jun 14, 2024
Application Filed
Jan 05, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102, §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12601547
EXTRUDED CONNECTED MICROTUBE AND HEAT EXCHANGER
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12590713
METHODS AND SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS TO SUPPORT REDUCED ENERGY AND WATER USAGE
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 31, 2026
Patent 12578144
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2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12546545
ALUMINUM ALLOY HEAT EXCHANGER
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 10, 2026
Patent 12546543
HEAT STORAGE POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND POWER GENERATION CONTROL SYSTEM
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 10, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
48%
Grant Probability
71%
With Interview (+22.4%)
3y 9m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 569 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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