Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 18, 2026
Application No. 18/750,599

DENTIFORM FOR PRACTICING DENTAL PROCEDURES

Non-Final OA §103
Filed
Jun 21, 2024
Examiner
MUSSELMAN, TIMOTHY A
Art Unit
3715
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
In Whan Lee
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
58%
Grant Probability
Moderate
1-2
OA Rounds
3y 2m
To Grant
84%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 58% of resolved cases
58%
Career Allow Rate
542 granted / 936 resolved
-12.1% vs TC avg
Strong +26% interview lift
Without
With
+26.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
3y 2m
Avg Prosecution
29 currently pending
Career history
965
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
10.1%
-29.9% vs TC avg
§103
55.3%
+15.3% vs TC avg
§102
20.2%
-19.8% vs TC avg
§112
11.5%
-28.5% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 936 resolved cases

Office Action

§103
DETAILED ACTION Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. Claims 1-2, 10-13, 16, and 27-28, are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Gregory et al. (US 2022/0304783) in view of Takasu et al. (US 2015/0199922). Regarding claims 1-2 and 28, Gregory discloses a model for dental training. See paragraph 006. Gregory discloses wherein this model comprises detachable teeth which fit into blocks configured as gum portions. See paragraphs 0041, 0043, and fig. 5, labels 50b and 12. Gregory discloses wherein these gum portion blocks are arranged in a chin support assembly. See paragraph 0029. Gregory discloses wherein the jaws are rotatable and articulable, (paragraph 0037) but does not disclose a temporomandibular of a jaw coupled to the chin supports (also claim 28). However, such details are established with regard to medical models, as is disclosed by the system of Takasu in paragraph 0016. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of applicant’s filing, to consider such with the Gregory system, so as to provide various training scenarios. Regarding claims 10-11, 16, Gregory discloses wherein the gums form a U-shaped portion (fig. 2), and wherein the gum tooth blocks are affixed to neighboring blocks with mounting grooves and protrusions (i.e. feet as per claim 16) on the inside of the blocks. See paragraph 0044 (the citation is describing the joining of the multiple gum tooth blocks). Regarding claims 12-13, See fig. 2 and note how the gum section(s) fit securely inside the chin support 111(A) on the protrusion guides and grooves in the center of the support. Regarding claim 27, Gregory discloses wherein the system is constructed of a hard plastic resin in paragraph 0039. Claims 3 and 14 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Gregory et al. (US 2022/0304783) in view of Takasu et al. (US 2015/0199922) and also Allen et al. (US 2007/0172804). Regarding claim 3, Gregory discloses wherein the teeth are affixed to the gum as described above with regard to claim 1, but does not disclose directional coupling guides. However, this concept is established with regard to medical modeling, as is disclosed by the system of Allen in paragraph 0068. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of applicant’s filing, to consider such with the Gregory system, so as to provide a convenient interface for the teeth attachments (i.e. the advantage established by Allen). Regarding claim 14, Gregory discloses attaching the gum portions to the support portion (paragraph 0029), but does not disclose bolts. However, this manner of attachment is established, as is disclosed by Allen in paragraph 0044. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of applicant’s filing, to consider such with the Gregory system, in order to provide a secure attachment for components (the advantage established by Allen). Claims 25-26 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over Gregory et al. (US 2022/0304783) in view of Takasu et al. (US 2015/0199922) and also Cope (US 2007/0166665). Regarding claims 25-26, Gregory discloses teeth models in paragraphs 0055-0058, but does not disclose a modeled nerve in the teeth, or a dentin layer with a harder crown layer, and also a tooth nerve. However, these concepts are established in the dental modeling art, as is disclosed by the system of Cope in paragraphs 0023-0024. It would have been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art at the time of applicant’s filing, to consider such with the Gregory system, in order to provide various training scenarios. Allowable Subject Matter Claims 4-5, 6-9, and 22, are objected to as depending from a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten to include the base claim and any intervening claims. The prior art does not teach or suggest the structure of claim 6 including the structure and the gel. Claims 29-32 are allowed for the same reasons. Claims 15 and 17 are objected to as depending from a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten to include the base claim and any intervening claims. The prior art does not teach or suggest the structure including the locking pins as configured. Claims 18-19 are objected to as depending from a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten to include the base claim and any intervening claims. The prior art does not teach or suggest the structure including mounting structure as claimed. Claims 20-21, 23-24, are objected to as depending from a rejected base claim, but would be allowable if rewritten to include the base claim and any intervening claims. The prior art does not teach or suggest the structure including the root canal measurement hole. Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to TIMOTHY A MUSSELMAN whose telephone number is (571)272-1814. The examiner can normally be reached Monday - Thursday, 8:00AM - 4:00PM. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, PETER S VASAT can be reached at 571-570-7625. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. TIMOTHY A. MUSSELMAN Primary Examiner Art Unit 3715 /TIMOTHY A MUSSELMAN/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3715
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Prosecution Timeline

Jun 21, 2024
Application Filed
Apr 03, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §103 (current)

Precedent Cases

Applications granted by this same examiner with similar technology

Patent 12599535
EXTERNAL COUNTERPULSATION SYSTEM
2y 5m to grant Granted Apr 14, 2026
Patent 12576005
Cameras for Emergency Rescue
2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 17, 2026
Patent 12573315
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2y 5m to grant Granted Mar 10, 2026
Patent 12548463
ELECTRONIC COUPLING OF CONTROLS
2y 5m to grant Granted Feb 10, 2026
Patent 12530981
MONITORING COMMUNICATIONS IN AN OBSERVATION PLATFORM
2y 5m to grant Granted Jan 20, 2026
Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
58%
Grant Probability
84%
With Interview (+26.3%)
3y 2m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 936 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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