Prosecution Insights
Last updated: April 19, 2026
Application No. 18/779,799

LOW GWP REFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS

Non-Final OA §102
Filed
Jul 22, 2024
Examiner
VAZQUEZ, ANA M
Art Unit
3763
Tech Center
3700 — Mechanical Engineering & Manufacturing
Assignee
Trane International Inc.
OA Round
1 (Non-Final)
80%
Grant Probability
Favorable
1-2
OA Rounds
2y 9m
To Grant
97%
With Interview

Examiner Intelligence

Grants 80% — above average
80%
Career Allow Rate
686 granted / 857 resolved
+10.0% vs TC avg
Strong +17% interview lift
Without
With
+17.3%
Interview Lift
resolved cases with interview
Typical timeline
2y 9m
Avg Prosecution
40 currently pending
Career history
897
Total Applications
across all art units

Statute-Specific Performance

§101
0.2%
-39.8% vs TC avg
§103
46.5%
+6.5% vs TC avg
§102
23.2%
-16.8% vs TC avg
§112
25.2%
-14.8% vs TC avg
Black line = Tech Center average estimate • Based on career data from 857 resolved cases

Office Action

§102
DETAILED ACTION Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA . Information Disclosure Statement The information disclosure statement (IDS) submitted on 12/05/2024 was filed after the filing date of the instant application. The submission is in compliance with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97. Accordingly, the information disclosure statement is being considered by the examiner. Specification The disclosure is objected to because of the following informalities: The recitation of “n an embodiment” (page 3, line 28) is believed to be --In an embodiment--. Appropriate correction is required. Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 102 In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis (i.e., changing from AIA to pre-AIA ) for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status. The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of 35 U.S.C. 102 that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in this Office action: A person shall be entitled to a patent unless – (a)(1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention. Claim(s) 1-10 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Fujinaka (US 20220356386). Regarding claim 1, Fujinaka discloses a refrigerant composition for an HVACR system comprising: R1132(E) refrigerant; a second refrigerant being R1234yf refrigerant; and a third refrigerant being R32 refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant composition has a GWP of at or about or less than 750 (refer to par. 439, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R1234yf, and difluoromethane (R32) having a GWP of 150). Regarding claim 2, Fujinaka meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 1. Further, Fujinaka discloses wherein the second refrigerant is R1234yf refrigerant, and the GWP of the refrigerant composition is at or about or less than 300 (refer to par. 439, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R1234yf, and difluoromethane (R32) having a GWP of 150). Regarding claim 3, Fujinaka meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 2. Further, Fujinaka discloses wherein the refrigerant composition has a burning velocity of at or less than 15 cm/s (refer to par. 458, wherein the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants showed a burning velocity of 10 cm/s). Regarding claim 4, Fujinaka meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 1. Further, Fujinaka discloses wherein the second refrigerant is the R1234yf refrigerant, the GWP of the refrigerant composition is at or about or less than 300 (refer to par. 439, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R1234yf, and difluoromethane (R32) having a GWP of 150). Regarding claim 5, Fujinaka meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 4. Further, Fujinaka discloses wherein the third refrigerant is the R32 refrigerant that is or about or less than 44 wt% of the refrigerant composition, the R1234yf refrigerant is at or about or greater than 20 wt% of the refrigerant composition, and the R1132(E) is at or about or less than 43 wt% of the refrigerant composition (refer to Table 8), and the refrigerant composition has a burning velocity of at or less than 15 cm/s (refer to par. 458, wherein the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants showed a burning velocity of 10 cm/s). Regarding claim 6, Fujinaka meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 5. Further, Fujinaka discloses wherein the R32 refrigerant is at or about or less than 20 wt% of the refrigerant composition (refer to Table 8), and the GWP of the refrigerant composition is at or about or less than 150 (refer to par. 439, wherein the refrigerant has a GWP of 150). Regarding claim 7, Fujinaka meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 5. Further, Fujinaka discloses wherein the R1234yf refrigerant is at or about or less than 70 wt% of the refrigerant composition, the R1132(E) refrigerant is at or about or greater than 8 wt% of the refrigerant composition, and the refrigerant composition has a capacity equal to or greater than 90% of a capacity of R454A (refer to Table 19). Regarding claim 8, Fujinaka meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 7. Further, Fujinaka discloses wherein the R1132(E) refrigerant is at or about or less than 27 wt% of the refrigerant composition (refer to Table 15), and the burning velocity of the refrigerant composition is equal to or less than 15 cm/s (refer to par. 458, wherein the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants showed a burning velocity of 10 cm/s). Regarding claim 9, Fujinaka meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 2. Further, Fujinaka discloses wherein the third refrigerant is R1123 refrigerant (refer to par. 440, wherein the third refrigerant includes HFO-1123). Regarding claim 10, Fujinaka meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 9. Further, Fujinaka discloses wherein the refrigerant composition has a burning velocity of equal to or than 15 cm/s (refer to par. 458, wherein the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants showed a burning velocity of 10 cm/s). Claim(s) 1 and 11-20 is/are rejected under 35 U.S.C. 102(a)(1) as being anticipated by Itano (US 2022/0098460). Regarding claim 1, Itano discloses a refrigerant composition for an HVACR system comprising: R1132(E) refrigerant; a second refrigerant being R1234ze(E) refrigerant; and a third refrigerant being R1123 refrigerant (refer to par. 13, wherein the mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132 (E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234ze(E)), wherein the refrigerant composition has a GWP of at or about or less than 750 (refer to the GWP values for the composition as in Table 3, with an estimated GWP below 10). Regarding claim 11, Itano meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 1. Further, Itano discloses wherein the second refrigerant is the R1234ze(E) refrigerant, the GWP of the refrigerant composition is at or about or less than 300 (refer to the GWP values for the composition as in Table 3), and the refrigerant composition has a burning velocity equal to or less than 15 cm/s (refer to par. 31, wherein the composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less). Regarding claim 12, Itano meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 11. Further, Itano discloses wherein the GWP of the refrigerant composition is at or about or less than 150 (refer to the GWP values for the composition as in Table 3, with an estimated GWP below 10). Regarding claim 13, Itano meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 11. Further, Itano discloses wherein the burning velocity of the refrigerant composition is equal to or less than 10 cm/s (refer to par. 31, wherein the composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less). Regarding claim 14, Itano meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 11. Further, Itano discloses wherein the refrigerant composition has at or greater than 50% of a capacity of R410A (refer to par. 27, wherein the refrigerant mixture has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A). Regarding claim 15, Itano meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 11. Further, Itano discloses wherein the refrigerant composition has at or greater than 75% of a capacity of R404A (refer to par. 27, wherein the refrigerant mixture has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A). Regarding claim 16, Itano meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 1. Further, Itano discloses wherein the second refrigerant is the R134a refrigerant (refer to par. 68, line 8, wherein the refrigerant composition can include R134a). Regarding claim 17, Itano meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 13. Further, Itano discloses wherein the refrigerant composition has a burning velocity of at or less than 15 cm/s (refer to par. 31, wherein the composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less). Regarding claim 18, Itano meets the claim limitations as disclosed above in the rejection of claim 13. Further, Itano discloses wherein the refrigerant composition has a burning velocity of at or less than 10 cm/s (refer to par. 31, wherein the composition has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less). Regarding claim 19, Itano discloses a method of making a refrigerant composition for an HVACR system, the method including: mixing an amount of R1132(E) refrigerant, an amount of a second refrigerant, and an amount of a third refrigerant, the second refrigerant being R1234ze(E) refrigerant, and the third refrigerant being R1123 refrigerant (refer to par. 13, wherein the mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132 (E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234ze(E))), wherein the refrigerant composition has a GWP of at or about or less than 750 (refer to the GWP values for the composition as in Table 3, with an estimated GWP below 10). Regarding claim 20, Itano discloses a method of retrofitting an HVACR system having an existing refrigerant composition, comprising: replacing at least a portion of the existing refrigerant composition to obtain a retrofit refrigerant composition, which includes adding one or more refrigerants to the HVACR system (refer to paras. 17-18, wherein in the present specification, a first refrigerant is replaced with a second refrigerant), wherein the retrofit refrigerant composition comprises R1132(E) refrigerant, R1234ze(E) refrigerant, and R1123 refrigerant (refer to par. 13, wherein the mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132 (E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234ze(E))), and the refrigerant composition has a GWP of at or about or less than 750 (refer to the GWP values for the composition as in Table 3, with an estimated GWP below 10). Conclusion Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to ANA M VAZQUEZ whose telephone number is (571)272-0611. The examiner can normally be reached M-F 7-4. Examiner interviews are available via telephone, in-person, and video conferencing using a USPTO supplied web-based collaboration tool. To schedule an interview, applicant is encouraged to use the USPTO Automated Interview Request (AIR) at http://www.uspto.gov/interviewpractice. If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Len Tran can be reached at 571-272-1184. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300. Information regarding the status of published or unpublished applications may be obtained from Patent Center. Unpublished application information in Patent Center is available to registered users. To file and manage patent submissions in Patent Center, visit: https://patentcenter.uspto.gov. Visit https://www.uspto.gov/patents/apply/patent-center for more information about Patent Center and https://www.uspto.gov/patents/docx for information about filing in DOCX format. For additional questions, contact the Electronic Business Center (EBC) at 866-217-9197 (toll-free). If you would like assistance from a USPTO Customer Service Representative, call 800-786-9199 (IN USA OR CANADA) or 571-272-1000. /ANA M VAZQUEZ/Primary Examiner, Art Unit 3763
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Prosecution Timeline

Jul 22, 2024
Application Filed
Feb 12, 2026
Non-Final Rejection — §102 (current)

Precedent Cases

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Study what changed to get past this examiner. Based on 5 most recent grants.

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Prosecution Projections

1-2
Expected OA Rounds
80%
Grant Probability
97%
With Interview (+17.3%)
2y 9m
Median Time to Grant
Low
PTA Risk
Based on 857 resolved cases by this examiner. Grant probability derived from career allow rate.

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