Notice of Pre-AIA or AIA Status
The present application, filed on or after March 16, 2013, is being examined under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA .
DETAILED ACTION
The action is in response to the Applicant’s communication filed on 08/16/2024.
Claims 1-19 are pending, where claims 1, 16 and 18 are independent.
This application claims the priority benefit of the provisional appl. no. 63/535267 filed on 08/29/2023 and 63/621958 filed on 01/17/2024 incorporated herein.
Information Disclosure Statement
The information disclosure statement (IDS) submitted on 04/07/2025 has been filed after the filing date of the application. The submission is in-compliance with the provisions of 37 CFR 1.97. Accordingly, the information disclosure statement is being considered by the examiner.
Multiple filed related applications
Applicants have filed multiple related applications. To date, it appears that the related co-pending applications stand pending and yet to be examined. There are plurality of Co-pending related Applications (e.g. 19/022,844). They are co-pending related Applications and provisional double patenting issue is proper. See MPEP 804 and 1490 (VI) D:
Specification Objection
The disclosure is objected to because of the following informalities:
a) The reference characters "33" and "34" have both been used to designate the element “laser beam” in para [0061] and onwards. Appropriate correction is required.
b) The element “printed product PC” in para [0061] is not matching with the element “printed component PC” the in para [0062]. Appropriate correction / explanation is required.
Claim Rejections - 35 USC § 103
The following is a quotation of 35 U.S.C. 103 which forms the basis for all obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action:
A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained, notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically disclosed as set forth in section 102 of this title, if the differences between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention pertains. Patentability shall not be negated by the manner in which the invention was made.
The factual inquiries set forth in Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 148 USPQ 459 (1966), that are applied for establishing a background for determining obviousness under 35 U.S.C. 103 are summarized as follows:
1. Determining the scope and contents of the prior art.
2. Ascertaining the differences between the prior art and the claims at issue.
3. Resolving the level of ordinary skill in the pertinent art.
4. Considering objective evidence present in the application indicating obviousness or nonobviousness.
In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject to AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103 (or as subject to pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 and 103) is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis for the rejection will not be considered a new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the rejection, would be the same under either status.
Claims 1-19 are rejected under AIA 35 U.S.C. 103 as being unpatentable over FrantzDale, et al. USPGPub No. 20200215762 A1 in view of Bromberg, et al. USPGPub No. 20220314545 A1).
As to claim 1, FrantzDale discloses A 3D printer, comprising: a print bed adapted to receive a layer of print medium thereon; a recoater adapted to distribute the print medium onto the print bed to form the layer; (FrantzDale [abstract] “optically sensing fiducial targets - calibration patterns - additive fabrication device - source material - to fabricate solid objects - light emitted from a light source of the additive fabrication device scatters from the surface of a fiducial target - scattered light measured by sensor and used to determine a position of the fiducial target - target's position via the light scattered from its surface” [0017-82] “material in the powder bed 530 - additive manufacturing techniques – stereolithography - complicated geometries - recoater within a selective laser sintering additive fabrication device having a plurality of fiducial targets disposed on its surface” see Fig. 1-4 for 3D printer, bed, medium, recoater provides the elements of the limitation)
a laser source adapted to generate a non-interactive laser beam and an interactive laser beam, wherein the non-interactive laser beam does not alter the print medium, and wherein, when directed to at least one predetermined location on the layer, the interactive laser beam alters the print medium at the at least one predetermined location to form a portion of a printed component (FrantzDale [0003-06] “additive fabrication device - object by forming layers of solid material on a build platform - at least one light source, at least one sensor, a dispenser configured to dispense the one or more source materials - includes at least a first calibration pattern, and at least one processor configured to direct the at least one light source - measure, via the at least one sensor, an intensity of light scattered from the first calibration pattern, and determine a position of the first structure based at least in part on the measured intensity of light - originating from the at least one light source, and determining a position of the first structure based at least in part on the measured intensity of light - implemented with any suitable combination of aspects, features, and acts” [abstract] “optically sensing fiducial targets - calibration patterns - light emitted from a light source of the additive fabrication device scatters from the surface of a fiducial target - scattered light measured by sensor and used to determine a position of the fiducial target - target's position via the light scattered from its surface” [0017-82] “material in the powder bed 530 - additive manufacturing techniques – stereolithography - complicated geometries - recoater within a selective laser sintering additive fabrication device having a plurality of fiducial targets disposed on its surface” see Fig. 1-4, laser, camera, scanner, recoater provides the elements of the limitation);
a controller connected to the laser source to direct the interactive laser beam to the at least one predetermined location (FrantzDale [0003-06] “additive fabrication device - object by forming layers of solid material on a build platform - at least one light source, at least one sensor, a dispenser configured to dispense the one or more source materials - includes at least a first calibration pattern, and at least one processor configured to direct the at least one light source - measure, via the at least one sensor, an intensity of light scattered from the first calibration pattern, and determine a position of the first structure based at least in part on the measured intensity of light - originating from the at least one light source, and determining a position of the first structure based at least in part on the measured intensity of light - implemented with any suitable combination of aspects, features, and acts” [0017-82] [abstract] “optically sensing fiducial targets - calibration patterns - light emitted from a light source of the additive fabrication device scatters from the surface of a fiducial target - scattered light measured by sensor and used to determine a position of the fiducial target” see Fig. 1-6, processor, controller, plurality of sensors, camera, scanner, photodiode obviously provides the elements of the limitation);
a plurality of fiducial features associated with the recoater, wherein the plurality of fiducial features is presented by the recoater while the recoater distributes the print medium on the print bed to form the layer; and a scanner connected to the controller to detect, via the non-interactive laser beam, the plurality of fiducial features and provide location information for locations of individual ones of the plurality of fiducial features; (FrantzDale [0003-06] “additive fabrication device - object by forming layers of solid material on a build platform - at least one light source, at least one sensor, a dispenser configured to dispense the one or more source materials - includes at least a first calibration pattern, and at least one processor configured to direct the at least one light source - measure, via the at least one sensor, an intensity of light scattered from the first calibration pattern, and determine a position of the first structure based at least in part on the measured intensity of light - originating from the at least one light source, and determining a position of the first structure based at least in part on the measured intensity of light - implemented with any suitable combination of aspects, features, and acts” [abstract] “optically sensing fiducial targets - calibration patterns - light emitted from a light source of the additive fabrication device scatters from the surface of a fiducial target - scattered light measured by sensor and used to determine a position of the fiducial target - target's position via the light scattered from its surface” [0017-82] “material in the powder bed 530 - additive manufacturing techniques – stereolithography - complicated geometries - recoater within a selective laser sintering additive fabrication device having a plurality of fiducial targets disposed on its surface” see Fig. 1-4, fiducial target, laser, camera, scanner, recoater provides the elements of the limitation)
wherein the controller compares the location information with predetermined position information for the individual ones of the plurality of fiducial features, calculates a deviation for each of the individual ones of the plurality of fiducial features (FrantzDale [0003-06] “additive fabrication device - object by forming layers of solid material on a build platform - processor configured to direct the at least one light source - measure, via the at least one sensor, an intensity of light scattered from the first calibration pattern, and determine a position of the first structure based at least in part on the measured intensity of light - originating from the at least one light source, and determining a position of the first structure based at least in part on the measured intensity of light - implemented with any suitable combination of aspects, features, and acts” [0017-82] ] “additive manufacturing techniques - stereolithography - complicated geometries - recoater within a selective laser sintering additive fabrication device having a plurality of fiducial targets disposed on its surface - calibration stems from the need to determine various parameters - at any desired points - parameters take various forms, - mappings of coordinates to various electrical properties, adjustments to paths and trajectories, and/or physical offsets between expected and actual exposure points - various physical imperfections or inaccuracies, - caused by a misaligned exposure source” [abstract] “optically sensing fiducial targets - calibration patterns - light emitted from a light source of the additive fabrication device scatters from the surface of a fiducial target - scattered light measured by sensor and used to determine a position of the fiducial target” see Fig. 1-6, processor, controller, plurality of sensors, camera, scanner, photodiode, fiducial target, corrections, adjustments to paths and trajectories, physical offsets between expected and actual exposure points obviously provides controller compares the location information with predetermined position information for the individual ones of the plurality of fiducial features, calculates a deviation for each of the individual ones of the plurality of fiducial features), and
However, Bromberg discloses performs a calibration to adjust where the interactive laser beam is directed to the print medium (Bromberg [0321-473] “sensors for determining the location - a capacitive limit switch, an inductive limit switch, a photoelectric limit switch, a mechanical limit switch, or combinations thereof - coupled to the control system 200 - utilize these signals to control positioning of the build platform 120 within the build receptacle 124A - recoat assembly 2200 traverses the build area 2124 - geometry of the current layer of the object being built - distribute material for the current layer - output signals from the one or more sensors coupled to the roller supports - based on calibration force measurements generated under various conditions - adjust a recoat traverse speed for the current layer, adjust a roller rotation speed for the current layer, adjust a recoat traverse speed - control actions implemented by the electronic control unit 2300 executing one or more instructions stored” [abstract] “additive manufacturing apparatus include a recoat head for distributing build material in a build area, a print head for depositing material in the build area, one or more actuators for moving the recoat head and the print head relative to the build area, and a cleaning station for cleaning the print head” [0199-287] [0003-08] see Fig. 1-98, plurality of sensors, camera, switches, limit switches, print head depositing material, adjust recoat, control actions implemented by controller executing stored instructions obviously provides performs calibration to adjust directed to the print medium)
FrantzDale and Bromberg are analogous arts from the same field of endeavor and contain overlapping structural and functional similarities and both contain additive manufacturing apparatuses.
Therefore, at the time the invention was made, it would have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art to modify the above functionalities performs calibration to adjust directed to the print medium, as taught by FrantzDale, and incorporating print head depositing material and adjust recoating implemented by controller executing stored instructions, as taught by Bromberg.
As to the independent claims 16 and 18, the claims recite similar limitations as the independent claim 1 and rejected using same rational as stated above.
As to claim 2, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of fiducial features comprises a pattern of geometrical shapes (FrantzDale [0003-06] “additive fabrication device - measure, via the at least one sensor, an intensity of light scattered from the first calibration pattern - implemented with any suitable combination of aspects, features, and acts” [abstract] “optically sensing fiducial targets - calibration patterns - additive fabrication device scatters from the surface of a fiducial target” [0017-82] “material in the powder bed 530 - additive manufacturing techniques - complicated geometries - selective laser sintering additive fabrication device having a plurality of fiducial targets disposed on its surface” see Fig. 1-4, fiducial target, calibration patterns, complicated geometries, plurality of sensors obviously provides the limitation).
As to claim 3, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 1, wherein: the plurality of fiducial features comprises a grid pattern (FrantzDale [0003-06] “additive fabrication device - measure, via the at least one sensor, an intensity of light scattered from the first calibration pattern - implemented with any suitable combination of aspects, features, and acts” [abstract] “optically sensing fiducial targets - calibration patterns - additive fabrication device scatters from the surface of a fiducial target” [0017-82] “material in the powder bed 530 - additive manufacturing techniques - complicated geometries - selective laser sintering additive fabrication device having a plurality of fiducial targets disposed on its surface” see Fig. 1-4, fiducial target, calibration patterns, complicated geometries, plurality of sensors obviously provides the limitation).
As to claim 4, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 1, wherein: the print bed is adapted to receive a plurality of layers of the print medium, and the plurality of fiducial features comprises different patterns for different ones of the plurality of layers of the print medium (FrantzDale [0003-06] “additive fabrication device - measure, via the at least one sensor, an intensity of light scattered from the first calibration pattern - implemented with any suitable combination of aspects, features, and acts” [abstract] “optically sensing fiducial targets - calibration patterns - additive fabrication device scatters from the surface of a fiducial target” [0017-82] “material in the powder bed 530 - additive manufacturing techniques - complicated geometries - selective laser sintering additive fabrication device having a plurality of fiducial targets disposed on its surface” see Fig. 1-4, fiducial target, calibration patterns, complicated geometries, plurality of sensors obviously provides different patterns for different ones of layers).
As to claim 5, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 1, further comprising: a fiducial sheet housing; and a fiducial sheet connected, at a first end, to the recoater and, at a second end, to the fiducial sheet housing; wherein the plurality of fiducial features is disposed on the fiducial sheet (FrantzDale [0003-06] “additive fabrication device - measure, via the at least one sensor, an intensity of light scattered from the first calibration pattern - implemented with any suitable combination of aspects, features, and acts” [abstract] “optically sensing fiducial targets - calibration patterns - additive fabrication device scatters from the surface of a fiducial target” [0017-82] “material in the powder bed 530 - additive manufacturing techniques - complicated geometries - selective laser sintering additive fabrication device having a plurality of fiducial targets disposed on its surface” see Fig. 1-4, fiducial target, calibration patterns, complicated geometries, plurality of sensors obviously provides fiducial sheet and plurality of fiducial features on fiducial sheet).
As to claim 6, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 5, wherein: the fiducial sheet is flexible (Bromberg [0199-287] “build material 400 and binder material 500 - powder material - ceramic powders, metal powders, glass powders, carbon powder, sand, cement, calcium phosphate powder, and various combinations - organic powder material including plastic powders, polymer powders, soap, powders formed from foodstuff - combination of inorganic powder material and organic powder material” [abstract] [0003-08] see Fig. 1-98, inorganic powder material and organic powder material obviously provides flexible).
As to claim 7, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 6, wherein: the fiducial sheet is retracted into the fiducial sheet housing (Bromberg [0199-287] “build material 400 and binder material 500 - powder material - ceramic powders, metal powders, glass powders, carbon powder, sand, cement, calcium phosphate powder, and various combinations - organic powder material including plastic powders, polymer powders, soap, powders formed from foodstuff - combination of inorganic powder material and organic powder material” [abstract] [0003-08] see Fig. 1-98, inorganic powder material and organic powder material obviously provides flexible).
As to claim 8, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 6, wherein: the fiducial sheet is rolled up into the fiducial sheet housing (Bromberg [0199-287] “build material 400 and binder material 500 - powder material - ceramic powders, metal powders, glass powders, carbon powder, sand, cement, calcium phosphate powder, and various combinations - organic powder material including plastic powders, polymer powders, soap, powders formed from foodstuff - combination of inorganic powder material and organic powder material” [abstract] [0003-08] see Fig. 1-98, inorganic powder material and organic powder material obviously provides rolled up material).
As to claim 9, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 1, wherein: the fiducial sheet is rigid (Bromberg [0199-287] “build material 400 and binder material 500 - powder material - ceramic powders, metal powders, glass powders, carbon powder, sand, cement, calcium phosphate powder, and various combinations - organic powder material including plastic powders, polymer powders, soap, powders formed from foodstuff - combination of inorganic powder material and organic powder material” [abstract] [0003-08] see Fig. 1-98, ceramic, metal, glass, carbon obviously provides rigid).
As to claim 10, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 9, wherein: the fiducial sheet is metal (Bromberg [0199-287] “build material 400 and binder material 500 - powder material - ceramic powders, metal powders, glass powders, carbon powder, sand, cement, calcium phosphate powder, and various combinations - organic powder material including plastic powders, polymer powders, soap, powders formed from foodstuff - combination of inorganic powder material and organic powder material” [abstract] [0003-08] see Fig. 1-98).
As to claim 11, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 9, wherein: the fiducial sheet is glass (Bromberg [0199-287] “build material 400 and binder material 500 - powder material - ceramic powders, metal powders, glass powders, carbon powder, sand, cement, calcium phosphate powder, and various combinations - organic powder material including plastic powders, polymer powders, soap, powders formed from foodstuff - combination of inorganic powder material and organic powder material” [abstract] [0003-08] see Fig. 1-98).
As to claim 12, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 1, further comprising: an encoder connected to the recoater, wherein the recoater further comprises a recoater surface, and wherein the plurality of fiducial features are disposed on the recoater surface (FrantzDale [0017-82] “sensor 270 include one or more photodiodes and/or other photodetectors - material in the powder bed 530 - additive manufacturing techniques – stereolithography - complicated geometries - recoater within a selective laser sintering additive fabrication device having a plurality of fiducial targets disposed on its surface” [0003-06] “additive fabrication device - object by forming layers of solid material on a build platform - at least one light source, at least one sensor, a dispenser configured to dispense the one or more source materials” [abstract] see Fig. 1-4, plurality of sensors include photodiodes, photodetectors, laser, camera, scanner, fiducial target, recoater obviously provides encoder (as sensor) coupled to recoater).
As to claim 13, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 12, further comprising: a stop switch connected to the encoder, wherein the stop switch ceases advancement of the recoater when the recoater reaches a predetermined position (Bromberg [0321-473] “sensors for determining the location - a capacitive limit switch, an inductive limit switch, a photoelectric limit switch, a mechanical limit switch, or combinations thereof - coupled to the control system 200 - utilize these signals to control positioning of the build platform 120 within the build receptacle 124A” [0199-287] “build material 400 and binder material 500 - powder material - ceramic powders, metal powders, glass powders, carbon powder, sand, cement, calcium phosphate powder, and various combinations - organic powder material including plastic powders, polymer powders, soap, powders formed from foodstuff - combination of inorganic powder material and organic powder material” [abstract] [0003-08] see Fig. 1-98, plurality of sensors, camera, switches, limit switches, recoat head obviously provides stop switch of recoater reaches predetermined position).
As to claim 14, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 1, further comprising: an encoder connected to the recoater, wherein the recoater further comprises a recoater blade, and wherein the plurality of fiducial features is disposed on the recoater blade (FrantzDale [0017-82] “sensor 270 include one or more photodiodes and/or other photodetectors - material in the powder bed 530 - additive manufacturing techniques – stereolithography - complicated geometries - recoater within a selective laser sintering additive fabrication device having a plurality of fiducial targets disposed on its surface - material deposition mechanism 525 moved across the fabrication bed 530, spreading a fresh layer of material across the fabrication bed 530 - apply a consistent layer of material onto the fabrication bed include the use of wipers, rollers, blades, and/or other leveling mechanisms for moving material from a source of fresh material to a target location. In some embodiments, the build platform 531 may be removable from the system 500.” [0003-06] “additive fabrication device - object by forming layers of solid material on a build platform - at least one light source, at least one sensor, a dispenser configured to dispense the one or more source materials” [abstract] see Fig. 1-4, plurality of sensors include photodiodes, photodetectors, laser, camera, scanner, fiducial target, blades, recoater obviously provides encoder (as sensor) coupled to recoater blade).
As to claim 15, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 14, further comprising: a stop switch connected to the encoder, wherein the stop switch ceases advancement of the recoater when the recoater reaches a predetermined position (Bromberg [0321-473] “sensors for determining the location - a capacitive limit switch, an inductive limit switch, a photoelectric limit switch, a mechanical limit switch, or combinations thereof - coupled to the control system 200 - utilize these signals to control positioning of the build platform 120 within the build receptacle 124A” [0199-287] “build material 400 and binder material 500 - powder material - ceramic powders, metal powders, glass powders, carbon powder, sand, cement, calcium phosphate powder, and various combinations - organic powder material including plastic powders, polymer powders, soap, powders formed from foodstuff - combination of inorganic powder material and organic powder material” [abstract] [0003-08] see Fig. 1-98, plurality of sensors, camera, switches, limit switches, recoat head obviously provides stop switch of recoater reaches predetermined position).
As to claim 17, the combination of FrantzDale and Bromberg disclose all the limitations of the base claims as outlined above.
The combination further discloses The 3D printer according to claim 16, wherein the plurality of photodiodes are QUAD detectors (FrantzDale [0017-82] “sensor 270 include one or more photodiodes and/or other photodetectors - material in the powder bed 530 - additive manufacturing techniques – stereolithography - complicated geometries - recoater within a selective laser sintering additive fabrication device having a plurality of fiducial targets disposed on its surface” [0003-06] “additive fabrication device - object by forming layers of solid material on a build platform - at least one light source, at least one sensor, a dispenser configured to dispense the one or more source materials” [abstract] see Fig. 1-4, plurality of sensors include photodiodes, photodetectors, laser, camera, scanner, fiducial target obviously provides QUAD detectors).
As to claim 19, the claim recites similar limitations as claim 17 and rejected using same rational as stated above.
Citation of Pertinent Prior Art
It is noted that any citations to specific, pages, columns, lines, or figures in the prior art references and any interpretation of the reference should not be considered to be limiting in any way. A reference is relevant for all it contains and may be relied upon for all that it would have reasonably suggested to one having ordinary skill in the art. See MPEP 2141.02 VI. PRIOR ART MUST BE CONSIDERED IN ITS ENTIRETY, i.e., as a whole and 2123.
Conclusion
The prior art made of record and not relied upon is considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure. The prior art made of record:
Collins, et al. USPGPub No. 2021/0008803 A1 discloses a roller control 3D printer includes stopping the layering roller rotating at angular home before the roller reaches linear home at the end of a fusing pass, measuring the duration between roller reaches angular home and roller reaches linear home.
McCarthy, et al. USPGPub No. 2020/0276764 A1 discloses an additive manufacturing system includes energy beam alignment error compensation and calibration table to correct laser alignment errors and a recoater distributes successive layers of powder using plurality of sensors for monitoring the powder bed surface to beam scan unit and processor unit performs.
Buller, et al. USPGPub No. 2025/000447 A1 discloses a method for three-dimensional printing with various optical components and calibration of plurality of components includes energy beam.
Small, et al. USPGPub No. 2018/0281067 A1 discloses an apparatus includes an optical source produce fiducial source beam and optical fiducial pattern generator and positioning the beam of laser processing target and adjust transient optical fiducial.
Ostroverkhov, et al. USPGPub No. 2020/0189193 A1 discloses an additive manufacturing system for monitoring powder spreading.
McCarthy, et al. USPGPub No. 2021/0016394 A1 discloses an additive manufacturing system for compensating calibration plate irregularities.
Buller, et al. USPGPub No. 2017/0355146 A1discloses a method for three-dimensional printing monitor in-situ and/or in real time monitoring three-dimensional printing process non-invasive coupled to plurality of detectors and signal processing units to adjust generation of a three-dimensional object formed.
Any inquiry concerning this communication or earlier communications from the examiner should be directed to Md Azad whose telephone @(571)272-0553 or email: md.azad@uspto.gov. The examiner can normally be reached on Mon-Thu 9AM-5PM.
If attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner’s supervisor, Mohammad Ali can be reached on (571)272-4105. The fax phone number for the organization where this application or proceeding is assigned is 571-273-8300.
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/Md Azad/
Primary Examiner, Art Unit 2119
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